123
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

National coaching certification program in Canada: understanding the relationship dynamics between coach evaluators and the coach

&
Pages 149-181 | Received 10 May 2022, Accepted 25 Nov 2022, Published online: 25 Dec 2022

References

  • Adams, D., Cropley, B., & Mullen, R. (2016). Developing specialised youth soccer coaching qualifications: An exploratory study of course content and delivery mechanisms. International Sport Coaching Journal, 3(1), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2014-0148
  • Andrews, W. L. (2001). Amateur hockey coaches: An exploratory study of lifestyles and careers. University of Calgary.
  • Beggs, B., Butts, O., Hurd, A., & Elkins, D. (2018). Differences in employee perceptions of entry-level competencies of NIRSA campus recreation professionals. Recreational Sports Journal, 42(1), 90–101. https://doi.org/10.1123/rsj.2017-0001
  • Berg, M., & Karlsen, J. (2007). Mental models in project management coaching. Engineering Management Journal; EMJ, 19, 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10429247.2007.11431736
  • Blackett, A. D., Evans, A., & Piggott, D. (2017). Why ‘the best way of learning to coach the game is playing the game’: Conceptualising ‘fast-tracked’high-performance coaching pathways. Sport, Education and Society, 22(6), 744–758. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2015.1075494
  • Callary, B., Gearity, B., Callary, B., & Gearity, B. Eds. (2019). Coach developer special issue: Global perspectives in coach education for the coach developer [special issue]. International Sport Coaching Journal, 6(3), 261–262. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2019-0067
  • Callary, B., Rathwell, S., & Young, B. (2015). Masters swimmers’ experiences with coaches: What they want, what they need, what they get. SAGE Open, 5(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244015588960
  • Cantillon, Z., & Baker, S. (2020). Serious leisure and the DIY approach to heritage: Considering the costs of career volunteering in community archives and museums. Leisure Studies, 39(2), 266–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2019.1694571
  • Carlsson, J., Eriksson-Baaz, M., Fallenius, A. M., & Lövgren, E. (1999). Are evaluations useful?: Cases from Swedish development co-operation. Stockholm, Sweden: Sida.
  • Caron, J. G., Bloom, G. A., Johnston, K. M., & Sabiston, C. M. (2013). Effects of multiple concussions on retired national hockey league players. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 35(2), 168–179. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.35.2.168
  • Coaching Association of Canada. (2015). Core training for coach evaluators: Workbook and reference material.
  • Coaching Association of Canada. (2018). Investigating the barriers and facilitators to achieving National Coaching Certification Program (NCCP) certification. https://coach.ca/sites/default/files/2021-04/Summary%20-%20Investigating%20the%20barriers%20and%20facilitators%20to%20acheiving%20NCCP%20certification_EN.pdf
  • Coaching Association of Canada. (2019). NCCP Policy and Implementation Standards. efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://coach.ca/sites/default/files/2020-02/NCCP_Policy_May_2019.pdf
  • Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. SAGE Publications.
  • Crotty, M. (1998). The foundations of social research: Meaning and perspective in the research process. SAGE.
  • Culver, D. M., Werthner, P., & Trudel, P. (2019). Coach developers as ‘facilitators of learning’ in a large-scale coach education programme: One actor in a complex system. International Sport Coaching Journal, 6(3), 296–306. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2018-0081
  • Edwards, J. R., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2000). On the nature and direction of relationships between constructs and measures. Psychological Methods, 5(2), 155. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.5.2.155
  • Edwards, J., Culver, D., Leadbetter, R., Kloos, K., & Potwarka, L. (2020). “One piece of a big puzzle”: Understanding the roles of coach developers through interorganizational relationships in Canada’s coach education system. International Sport Coaching Journal, 7(1), 102–108. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2019-0014
  • Edwards, J., & Kulczycki, C. (2021). ‘I do it for the kids’: Understanding the implications of being a volunteer coach in a community youth sport club in New Brunswick, Canada. Leisure/Loisir, 46(3), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2021.1986418
  • Edwards, J., & Leadbetter, R. (2016). Collaborative governance in a sport system: A critique of a “one-size-fits-all” approach to administering a national standardized sport program. Managing Sport and Leisure, 21(3), 142–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2016.1220811
  • Edwards, A., & Skinner, J. (2009). Qualitative research in sport management. Routledge.
  • Edwards, J., & Washington, M. (2013). Managing a sport organization: The impact of recruiting, selecting, and retaining elite level coaches in sport. Journal of Applied Sport Management, 5(3). https://trace.tennessee.edu/jasm/vol5/iss3/5
  • Ensminger, D., Kallemeyn, L., Rempert, T., Wade, J., & Polanin, M. (2015). case study of an evaluation coaching model: Exploring the role of the evaluator. Evaluation and Program Planning, 49C. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2015.01.002
  • Forss, K., Rebien, C. C., & Carlsson, J. (2002). Process use of evaluations: Types of use that precede lessons learned and feedback. Evaluation, 8(1), 29–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1358902002008001515
  • Gearity, B. T. (2012). Poor teaching by the coach: A phenomenological description from athletes’ experience of poor coaching. Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy, 17(1), 79–96. doi:10.1080/17408989.2010.548061
  • Gilbert, W., Dubina, N., & Emmett, M. (2012). Exploring the potential of assessment efficacy in sports coaching: A commentary. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 7(2), 211–214. https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.7.2.211
  • Gillham, A., Hansen, K., & Brady, C. (2015). Coach evaluation from three perspectives: An athletic director, a coach and a consultant. International Sport Coaching Journal, 2(2), 192–200. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2014-0149
  • Gioia, D. A., Nag, R., & Corley, K. G. (2012). Visionary ambiguity and strategic change: The virtue of vagueness in launching major organizational change. Journal of Management Inquiry, 21(4), 364–375. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492612447229
  • Gubrium, J. F., & Holstein, J. A. (2000). Analyzing interpretive practice (pp. 487-508). In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Gurgis, J. J., Kerr, G. A., & Stirling, A. E. (2020). Investigating the barriers and facilitators to achieving coaching certification. International Sport Coaching Journal, 7(2), 189–199. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2019-0043
  • Hay, P., Dickens, S., Crudgington, B., & Engstrom, C. (2012). Exploring the potential of assessment efficacy in sports coaching. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 7(2), 187–198. https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.7.2.187
  • Hendricks, M. (1993). The evaluator as” personal coach”. Evaluation Practice, 14(1), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/109821409301400107
  • Horgan, P., & Daly, P. (2015). The role of the coach developer in supporting and guiding coach learning: A commentary. International Sport Coaching Journal, 2(3), 354–356. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2015-0077
  • Huber, J. (2015). Coach evaluation from three perspectives: An athletic director, a coach, and a consultant: A commentary. International Sport Coaching Journal, 2(2), 201–202. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2015-0037
  • International Council for Coaching Education. (2014). International sport coaching framework version 1.2. Human Kinetics. https://us.humankinetics.com/products/international-sport-coaching-framework-version-1-2
  • Jiang, J. J., Klein, G., & Chen, H.-G. (2001). The relative influence of IS project implementation policies and project leadership on eventual outcomes. Project Management Journal, 32(3), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/875697280103200307
  • Jowett, S. (2009). Factor structure and criterion-related validity of the metaperspective version of the Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q). Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 13(3), 163. doi:10.1037/a0014998
  • Kerr, Z. Y., Kroshus, E., Lee, J. G. L., Yeargin, S. W., & Dompier, T. P. (2018). Coaches’ implementation of the USA football “heads up football. Educational Program. Health Promotion Practice, 19(2), 184–193. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839917700398
  • King, G., Keohane, R. O., & Verba, S. (2021). Designing social inquiry: Scientific inference in qualitative research. Princeton university press.
  • Kloos, K., & Edwards, J. (2021). Understanding the perceptions of master coach developers in the national coaching certification program. International Sport Coaching Journal, 1(aop), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2021-0016
  • Knowles, Z., Tyler, G., Gilbourne, D., & Eubank, M. (2006). Reflecting on reflection: Exploring the practice of sports coaching graduates. Reflective Practice, 7(2), 163–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623940600688423
  • Larkin, M., Watts, S., & Clifton, E. (2006). Giving voice and making sense in interpretative phenomenological analysis. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 102–120. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp062oa
  • Levy, A. R., Polman, R. C. J., Nicholls, A. R., & Marchant, D. C. (2009). Sport injury rehabilitation adherence: Perspectives of recreational athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 7(2), 212–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2009.9671901
  • Lopez, K. A., & Willis, D. G. (2004). Descriptive versus interpretive phenomenology: Their contributions to nursing knowledge. Qualitative Health Research, 14(5), 726–735. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732304263638
  • MacLean, J., & Zakrajsek, D. (1996). Factors considered important for evaluating Canadian university athletic coaches. Journal of Sport Management, 10(4), 446–462. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.10.4.446
  • Mageau, G. A., & Vallerand, R. J. (2003). The coach–athlete relationship: A motivational model. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(11), 883–904. https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000140374
  • Mallett, C. J., Trudel, P., Lyle, J., & Rynne, S. B. (2009). Formal vs. Informal coach education. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 4(3), 325–364. https://doi.org/10.1260/174795409789623883
  • Mccullick, B. A., Belcher, D., & Schempp, P. G. (2005). What works in coaching and sport instructor certification programs? The participants’ view. Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy, 10(2), 121–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408980500105015
  • McDonough, M. H., Sabiston, C. M., & Ullrich-French, S. (2011). The development of social relationships, social support, and posttraumatic growth in a dragon boating team for breast cancer survivors. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33(5), 627–648. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.5.627
  • McMaster, S., Culver, D., & Werthner, P. (2012). Coaches of athletes with a physical disability: A look at their learning experiences. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 4(2), 226–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2012.686060
  • McQuade, S., & Nash, C. (2015). The role of the coach developer in supporting and guiding coach learning. International Sport Coaching Journal, 2(3), 339–346. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2015-0059
  • Norman, L. (2019). “I don’t really know what the magic wand is to get yourself in there: Women’s sense of organizational fit as coach developers.” Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 28(2), 119–130. https://doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2019-0020
  • North, J. (2010). Using ‘coach developers’ to facilitate coach learning and development: Qualitative evidence from the UK. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 5(2), 239–256. https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.5.2.239
  • O’Connor, D., & Bennie, A. (2006). The retention of youth sport coaches. Change: Transformations in Education, 9(1), 27–38. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/aeipt.165748
  • Paquette, K. J., Hussain, A., Trudel, P., & Camiré, M. (2014). A sport federation’s attempt to restructure a coach education program using constructivist principles. International Sport Coaching Journal, 1(2), 75–85. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2013-0006
  • Patton, M. Q. (1998). Discovering process use. Evaluation, 4(2), 225–233. https://doi.org/10.1177/13563899822208437
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Two decades of developments in qualitative inquiry: A personal, experiential perspective. Qualitative Social Work, 1(3), 261–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325002001003636
  • Preskill, H., & Torres, R. (1999). Building capacity for organizational learning through evaluative inquiry. Evaluation, 5(1), 42–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/135638909900500104
  • Raedeke, T. D. (2004). Coach commitment and burnout: A one-year follow-up. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16(4), 333–349. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200490517995
  • Reade, I. (2012). Exploring the potential of assessment efficacy in sports coaching: A commentary. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 7(2), 199–202. https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.7.2.199
  • Rebien, C. C. (1996). Evaluating development assistance in theory and in practice. Avebury.
  • Rhind, D. J., & Jowett, S. (2012). Development of the coach-athlete relationship maintenance questionnaire (CARM-Q). International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 7(1), 121–137. https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.7.1.121
  • Ryan, W. G., & Bernard, H. R. (2000). Data management and analysis methods. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 769–802). Sage Publications.
  • Rynne, S. B., Mallett, C., & Tinning, R. (2006). High performance sport coaching: Institutes of sport as sites for learning. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 1(3), 223–234. https://doi.org/10.1260/174795406778604582
  • Schwandt, T. A. (2000). Three epistemological stances for qualitative inquiry: Interpretivism, hermeneutics, and social constructionism. In Denzin, N.K., Lincoln, Y.S.(Eds), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 189–213). SAGE Publishing.
  • Smith, J. A. (2004). Reflecting on the development of interpretative phenomenological analysis and its contribution to qualitative research in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 1(1), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088704qp004oa
  • Smith, A. C., Evans, D. M., & Westerbeek, H. M. (2005). The examination of change management using qualitative methods: A case industry approach. The Qualitative Report, 10(1), 96–121. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2005.1860
  • Smith, J. A., Jarman, M., & Osborn, M. (1999). Doing interpretative phenomenological analysis (pp. 218-240). In C.Kerry & M.Michael, Qualitative Health Psychology: Theories and Methods. Sage Publications.
  • Smith, J., & Osborn, M. (2003). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to methods. Sage.
  • Stodter, A., & Cushion, C. J. (2019). Layers of learning in coach developers’ practice-theories, preparation and delivery. International Sport Coaching Journal, 6(3), 307–316. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2018-0067
  • Tamminen, K. A., Holt, N. L., & Neely, K. C. (2013). Exploring adversity and the potential for growth among elite female athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(1), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.07.002
  • Thoenig, J.-C. (2000). Evaluation as usable knowledge for public management reforms. Evaluation, 6(2), 217–229. https://doi.org/10.1177/13563890022209226
  • Townsend, R. C., & Cushion, C. (2017). Elite cricket coach education: A Bourdieusian analysis. Sport, Education and Society, 22(4), 528–546. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2015.1040753
  • Trochim, W. M. K. (2006). Research methods knowledge base: Deduction and induction. Retrieved from http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/dedind.php
  • Vargas-Tonsing, T. M. (2007). Coaches’ preferences for continuing coaching education. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 2(1), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1260/174795407780367186
  • Wiersma, L. D., & Sherman, C. P. (2005). Volunteer youth sport coaches’ perspectives of coaching education/certification and parental codes of conduct. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 76(3), 324–338. doi:10.1080/02701367.2005.10599303
  • Wilson, B. D. (2008). Development in video technology for coaching. Sports Technology, 1(1), 34–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/19346182.2008.9648449
  • Wrisberg, C. A. (2007). Sport skill instruction for coaches. Human Kinetics.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.