Racial and gender effects on pure-tone thresholds and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in normal-hearing young adults

References

• American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 1989. Guidelines for screening for hearing impairment and middle ear disorders. ASHA, 31, 71–77.
   Google Scholar
• Betke K. New hearing threshold measurements for pure tones under free-field listening conditions. J Acoust Soc Am 1991; 89: 2400–2403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilger R.C., Matthies M.L., Hammel D.R., Demorest M.E. Genetic implications of gender differences in the prevalence of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions. J Speech Hear Res 1990; 33: 418–432
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bowman D.M., Brown D.K., Kimberley B.P. An examination of gender differences in DPOAE phase delay measurements in normal-hearing human adults. Hear Res 2000; 142: 111
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunch C.C., Raiford T.S. Race and sex variations in auditory acuity. Arch Otolaryngol 1931; 13: 423–434
   Google Scholar
• Cacace A.T., McClelland W.A., Weiner J., McFarland D.J. Individual differences and the reliability of 2F1-F2 distortion-product otoacoustic emissions: Effects of time-of-day, stimulus variables, and gender. J Speech Hear Res 1996; 39: 1138–1148
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chan J.C., McPherson B. Spontaneous and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions: A racial comparison. J Audiol Med 2001; 10: 20–32
   Google Scholar
• Cooper J.C. Health and nutrition examination survey of 1971-75: Part I. Ear and race effects in hearing. J Am Acad Audiol 1994; 5: 30–36
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dorn P.A., Piskorski P., Gorga M.P., Neely S.T., Keefe D.H. Predicting audiometric status from distortion product otoacoustic emissions using multivariate analyses. Ear Hear 1999; 20: 149–163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreisbach L.E., Siegel J.H. Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions measured at high frequencies in humans. J Acoust Soc Am 2001; 110: 2456–2469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunckley K., Dreisbach L.E. Gender effects on high frequency distortion product otoacoustic emissions in humans. Ear Hear 2004; 25: 554–564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank T. High-frequency hearing thresholds in young adults using a commercially available audiometer. Ear Hear 1990; 11: 450–454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garber S.R., Turner C.W., Creel D., Witkop C.J., Jr. Auditory system abnormalities in human albinos. Ear Hear 1982; 3: 207–210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallmo P., Sundby A., Mair W.S. Extended high-frequency audiometry: Air- and bone-conduction thresholds, age, and gender variations. Scand Audiol 1994; 23: 165–170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henselman L.W., Henderson D., Shadoan J., Subramaniam M., Saunders S., et al. Effects of noise exposure, race, and years of service on hearing in U.S. army soldiers. Ear Hear 1995; 16: 382–391
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishii E.K., Talbott E.O. Race/ethnicity differences of noise-induced hearing loss in a group of metal fabricating workers. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998; 40: 661–666
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karsai L.K., Bergman M., Choo Y.B. Hearing in ethnically different longshoremen. Arch Otolaryngol 1972; 96: 499–504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimberley B.P., Brown D.K., Eggermont J.J. Measuring human cochlear traveling wave delay using distortion product emission phase responses. J Acoust Soc Am 1993; 94: 1343–1350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonsbury-Martin B.L., Harris F.P., Stagner B.B., Hawkins M.D., Martin G.K. Distortion product emissions in humans. I. Basic properties in normally hearing subjects. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 1990; 147: 3–14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Löppönen H., Sorri M.R.B. High-frequency air-conduction and electric bone-conduction audiometry. Age and sex variations. Scand Audiol 1991; 20: 181–189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margolis R.H., Goycoolea H.G. Multifrequency tympanometry in normal adults. Ear Hear 1993; 14: 408–413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margolis R.H., Heller L.M. Screening tympanometry: Criteria for medical referral. Audiology 1987; 26: 197–208
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moulin A., Kemp D.T. Multicomponent acoustic distortion product otoacoustic emission phase in humans. I. General characteristics. J Acoust Soc Am 1996; 100: 1617–1639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neely S.T. & Liu Z. 1993. EMAV: otoacoustic emission averager. Tech Memo No. 17 (Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha).
   Google Scholar
• Osterhammel D., Osterhammel P. High-frequency audiometry. Age and sex variations. Scand Audiol 1979; 8: 73–81
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Post R.H. Hearing acuity variation among negroes and whites. Eugen Q 1964; 11: 65–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts J., Bayliss D. Hearing levels of adults by race, region, and area of residence. Vital and Health Statistics. Data from the National Health Survey 1967; 11: 1–33
   Google Scholar
• Robinson D.O., Allen D.V., Root L.P. Infant tympanometry: Differential results by race. J Speech Hear Disord 1988; 53: 341–346
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Royster L.H., Driscoll D.P., Thomas W.G., Royster J.D. Age effect hearing levels for a black nonindustrial noise exposed population (NINEP). American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 1980a; 41: 113–119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royster L.H., Royster J.D., Thomas W.G. Representative hearing levels by race and sex in North Carolina industry. J Acoust Soc Am 1980b; 68: 551–566
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmuziger N., Probst R., Smurzynski J. Otoacoustic emissions and extended high-frequency hearing sensitivity in young adults. Int J Audiol 2005; 44: 24–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahnaz N. Otoacoustic emission in chinese and caucasian normal hearing adults. American Auditory Society 2006; 31: 30
   Google Scholar
• Shahnaz N., Davies D. Standard and multifrequency tympanometric norms for caucasian and chinese young adults. Ear Hear 2006; 27: 75–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shehata-Dieler W.E., Dieler R., Teichert K., Moser L.M. Intra- and intersubject variability of acoustically evoked otoacoustic emissions. II. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions. Laryngorhinootologie 1999; 78: 345–350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shera C.A., Guinan J.J., Jr. Evoked otoacoustic emissions arise by two fundamentally different mechanisms: A taxonomy for mammalian OAEs. J Acoust Soc Am 1999; 105: 782–798
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sininger Y.S., Cone-Wesson B., Abdala C. Gender distinctions and lateral asymmetry in the low-level auditory brainstem response of the human neonate. Hear Res 1998; 126: 58–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stelmachowicz P.G., Beauchaine K.A., Kalberer A., Jesteadt W. Normative thresholds in the 8- to 20-kHz range as a function of age. J Acoust Soc Am 1989; 86: 1384–1391
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strickland E.A., Burns E.M., Tubis A. Incidence of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in children and infants. J Acoust Soc Am 1985; 78: 931–935
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan I., Wong L. Tympanometric norms for chinese young adults. Ear Hear 2002; 23: 416–421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitehead M.L., Kamal N., Lonsbury-Martin B.L., Martin G.K. Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in different racial groups. Scand Audiol 1993; 22: 3–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiley T.L., Cruickshanks K.J., Nondahl D.M., Tweed T.S. Aging and middle ear resonance. J Am Acad Audiol 1999; 10: 173–179
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wiley T.L., Cruickshanks K.J., Nondahl D.M., Tweed T.S., Klein R., et al. Tympanometric measures in older adults. J Am Acad Audiol 1996; 7: 260–268
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wiley T.L., Cruickshanks K.J., Nondahl D.M., Tweed T.S., Klein R., et al. Aging and high-frequency hearing sensitivity. J Speech Lang Hear Res 1998; 41: 1061–1072
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanz J.L., Herr L.R., Townsend D., Witkop C.J., Jr. The questionable relation between cochlear pigmentation and noise-induced hearing loss. Audiology 1985; 24: 260–268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar