Understanding tinnitus distress: Introducing the concepts of moderators and mediators

References

• Andersson G. A cognitive-affective theory for tinnitus: Experiments and theoretical implications. Proceedings of the Seventh International Tinnitus Seminar, R. Patuzzi. University of Western Australia, FreemantleAustralia 2002; 197–200
   Google Scholar
• Andersson G. Tinnitus loudness matchings in relation to annoyance and grading of severity. Auris Nasus Larynx 2003; 30: 129–133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson G., Airikka M.L., Buhrman M., Kaldo V. Dimensions of perfectionism and tinnitus distress. Psychol Health Med 2005b; 10: 78–87
   Google Scholar
• Andersson G., Baguley D.M., McKenna L., McFerran D.J. Tinnitus: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Whurr, London 2005a
   Google Scholar
• Andersson G., Jüris L., Traung L., Fredrikson M., Furmark T. Consequences of suppressing thoughts about tinnitus and the effects of cognitive distraction on brain activity in tinnitus patients. Audiol Neurootol 2006; 11: 301–309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson G., Kaldo V., Strömgren T., Ström L. Are coping strategies really useful for the tinnitus patient? An investigation conducted via the internet. Audiol Med 2004; 2: 54–59
   Google Scholar
• Andersson G., Lyttkens L., Larsen H.C. Distinguishing levels of tinnitus distress. Clin Otolaryngol 1999; 24: 404–410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson G., McKenna L. The role of cognition in tinnitus. Acta Otolaryngol 2006; 126: 39–43
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson G., Vretblad P. Tinnitus and anxiety sensitivity. Scand J Behav Therap 2000; 29: 57–64
   Google Scholar
• Andersson G., Vretblad P., Larsen H.C., Lyttkens L. Longitudinal follow-up of tinnitus complaints. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001; 127: 175–179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baguley D.M. What progress have we made with tinnitus? The Tonndorf Lecture 2005. Acta Otolaryngol 2006; 126(suppl)4–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baguley D.M., Andersson G. Hyperacusis: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Therapies. Plural Publishing Inc, San Diego 2007
   Google Scholar
• Baldo P., Doree C., Lazzarini R., Molin P. &McFerran D.J. 2006. Antidepressants for patients with tinnitus Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD003853.
   Google Scholar
• Baron R.M., Kenny D.A. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Personality Soc Psychol 1986; 51: 1173–1182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birren J.E., Fisher L.M. Aging and speed of behavior: Possible consequences for psychological functioning. Ann Rev Psychol 1995; 46: 329–353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cacace A.T. Expanding the biological basis of tinnitus: Cross-modal origins and the role of neuroplasticity. Hear Res 2003; 175: 112–132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuny C., Norena A., El Massioui F., Chery-Croze S. Reduced attention shift in response to auditory changes in subjects with tinnitus. Audiol Neurootol 2004; 9: 294–302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis A. Hearing in Adults. Whurr, London 1995
   Google Scholar
• Davis A., El Rafaie A. Epidemiology of tinnitus. Tinnitus Handbook, R.S. Tyler. Singular. Thomson Learning, San Diego 2000; 1–23
   Google Scholar
• De Houwer J., Thomas S., Baeyens F. Associative learning of likes and dislikes: A review of 25 years of research on human evaluative conditioning. Psychological Bulletin 2001; 127: 853–869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dineen R., Doyle J., Bench J. Audiological and psychological characteristics of a group of tinnitus sufferers, prior to tinnitus management training. Br J Audiol 1997; 31: 27–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobie R.A. Clinical trials and drug therapy for tinnitus. Tinnitus: Theory and Management, J.B. Snow. BC Decker, Hamilton 2004; 266–277
   Google Scholar
• Eggermont J.J., Roberts L.E. The neuroscience of tinnitus. Trends Neurosci 2004; 27: 676–682
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erlandsson S.I., Hallberg L.R-M. Prediction of quality of life in patients with tinnitus. Br J Audiol 2000; 34: 11–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowler E.P. The emotional factor in tinnitus aurium. Laryngoscope 1948; 58: 145–154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallam R.S., Jakes S.C., Hinchcliffe R. Cognitive variables in tinnitus annoyance. Br J Clin Psychol 1988; 27: 213–222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallam R.S., McKenna L., Shurlock L. Tinnitus impairs cognitive efficiency. Int J Audiol 2004; 43: 218–226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallam R., Pransuk S., Hinchcliffe R. Neuroticism and the number of complaints of ENT outpatients in London and Bangkok. Personal Individ Diff 1983; 4: 689–691
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallam R.S., Rachman S., Hinchcliffe R. Psychological aspects of tinnitus. Contributions to Medical Psychology”. Oxford: Pergamon Press, S. Rachman, 1984; 3: 31–53
   Google Scholar
• Hayes S.C. Acceptance. Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Applying Empirically Supported Techniques in Your Practice, W. O'Donohue, J.E. Fisher, S.C. Hayes. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey 2003; 4–9
   Google Scholar
• S.C. Hayes, D. Barnet-Holmes & B. Roche. 2001. Relational Frame Theory. A Post-Skinnerian Account of Human Language and Cognition New York: Kluwer.
   Google Scholar
• Hayes S.C., Wilson K.G., Strosahl K., Gifford E.V., Follette V.M. Experiental avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. J Consult Clin Psychol 1996; 64: 1152–1168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hebert S., Lupien S.J. The sound of stress: Blunted cortisol reactivity to psychosocial stress in tinnitus sufferers. Neurosci Lett 2007; 411: 138–142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry J., Wilson P. Tinnitus. A Self-management Guide for the Ringing in Your Ears. Allyn & Bacon, Boston 2002
   Google Scholar
• Holgers K-M., Erlandsson S.I., Barrenäs M-L. Predictive factors for the severity of tinnitus. Audiology 2000; 39: 284–291
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jacobson G.P., Calder J.A., Newman C.W., Peterson E.L., Wharton J.A., et al. Electrophysiological indices of selective auditory attention in subjects with and without tinnitus. Hear Res 1996; 97: 66–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ince L.P., Greene R.Y., Alba A., Zaretsky H.H. Learned self-control of tinnitus through a matching-to-sample feedback technique: A clinical investigation. J Behav Med 1984; 7: 355–365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ince L.P., Greene R.Y., Alba A., Zaretsky H.H. A matching-to-sample feedback technique for training self-control of tinnitus. Health Psychol 1987; 6: 173–182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jastreboff P.J., Hazell J. Tinnitus Retraining Therapy: Implementing the Neurophysiological Model. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2004
   Google Scholar
• Jastreboff P.J., Jastreboff M.M. Tinnitus retraining therapy: A different view on tinnitus. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2006; 68: 23–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockwood A.H., Salvi R.J., Burkard R.F. Tinnitus. New Engl J Med 2002; 347: 904–910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackinnon D. P., Fairchild A.J., Fritz M.S. Meditation analysis. Ann Rev Psychol 2007; 58: 593–614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez Devesa P., Waddell A., Perera R. &Theodoulou M. 2007. Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus Cochrane Database Syst Rev (online), (1), CD005233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKee G.J., Stephens S.D.G. An investigation of normally-hearing subjects with tinnitus. Audiology 1992; 31: 313–317
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McKenna L. Tinnitus and insomnia. Tinnitus Handbook, R.S. Tyler. Singular. Thomson Learning, San Diego 2000; 59–84
   Google Scholar
• McKenna L. Models of tinnitus suffering and treatment compared and contrasted. Audio Med 2004; 2: 41–53
   Google Scholar
• Meikle, M.B., & Greist, S.E. 1989. Gender-based differences in characteristics of Tinnitus Hearing J, 178–183.
   Google Scholar
• Newman C.W., Wharton J.A., Jacobson G.P. Self-focused and somatic attention in patients with tinnitus. J Am Acad Audiol 1997; 8: 143–149
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Noble W. Self-reports about tinnitus and about cochlear implants. Ear Hear 2000; 21: 50S–59S
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noble W., Tyler R. Physiology and phenomenology of tinnitus: Implications for treatment. Int J Audiol 2007; 46: 569–574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preacher K.J., Hayes A.F. SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput 2004; 36: 717–731
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reich G.E., Johnson R.M. Personality characteristics of tinnitus patients. J Laryngol Otol 1984; 97(Supp 9)228–232
   Google Scholar
• Rönnberg J. Cognition in the hearing impaired and deaf as a bridge between signal and dialogue: A framework and a model. Int J Audiol 2003; 42(Suppl 1)S68–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossiter S., Stevens C., Walker G. Tinnitus and its effect on working memory and attention. J Speech Hear Lang Res 2006; 49: 150–160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubinstein B., Österberg T., Rosenhall U. Longitudinal fluctuations in tinnitus as reported by an elderly population. J Audiol Med 1992; 1: 149–155
   Google Scholar
• Savastano M., Aita M., Barlani F. Psychological, neural, endocrine, and immune study of stress in tinnitus patients: Any correlation between psychometric and biochemical measures?. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2007; 116: 100–106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott B., Lindberg P., Melin L., Lyttkens L. Predictors of tinnitus discomfort, adaption and subjective loudness. Br J Audiol 1990; 24: 51–62
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sirois F.M., Davis C.G., Morgan M.S. Learning to live with what you can't rise above: Control beliefs, symptom control, and adjustment to tinnitus. Health Psychol 2006; 25: 119–123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephens D. A history of tinnitus. Tinnitus Handbook, R.S. Tyler. Singular. Thomson Learning, San Diego 2000; 437–448
   Google Scholar
• Stevens C., Walker G., Boyer M., Gallagher M. Severe tinnitus and its effect on selective and divided attention. Int J Audiol 2007; 46: 208–216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyler R.S., Coelho C., Noble W. Tinnitus: Standard of care, personality differences, genetic factors. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2006; 68: 14–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westin V., Hayes S.C. &Andersson G. 2008. Is it the sound or your relationship to it? The role of acceptance in predicting tinnitus impact Unpublished manuscript.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson P.H. Classical conditioning as the basis for the effective treatment of tinnitus-related distress. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2006; 68: 6–11
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zöger S., Holgers K-M., Svedlund J. Psychiatric disorders in tinnitus patients without severe hearing impairment: 24 month follow-up of patients at an audiological clinic. Audiology 2001; 40: 133–140
   PubMedGoogle Scholar