25
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Absorption of 14C-Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) from Soils through Excised Human Skin

, &
Pages 575-579 | Received 26 Jan 2007, Accepted 18 Aug 2007, Published online: 20 Oct 2008

REFERENCES

  • ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). Toxicological Profile of RDXU.S. Department of Health and human Services. Public Health Service, , (1995).
  • E.D. Barber, N.M. Teetsel, K.F. Kolberg, and D. Guest. (1992). A comparative study of the rates of in vitro percutaneous absorption of eight chemicals using rat and human skin. Fundament. Appl. Toxicol. 19:493–497.
  • R.L. Bronaugh, R.F. Stewart, and E.R. Congdon. (1982). Methods for in vitro percutaneous absorption studies. II. Animal models for human skin. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 62:481–488.
  • R.L. Bronaugh, and H.I. Maibach. Percutaneous penetration of nitroaromatic compounds in vivo and in vitro in animals and humansToxicology of Nitroaromatic CompoundsD.E. Rickert. Hemisphere Publishing, WashingtonDC, (1985)141–148.
  • R.L. Bronaugh, R. Stewart, and M. Simon. (1986). Methods for in vitro percutaneous absorption studies VII: use of excised human skin. J. Pharm. Sci. 75:1094–1097.
  • A.A. Fischer. Contact Dermatitis2nd ed.. Lea and Fibiger, Philadelphia, (1973)27.
  • M.E. Kraeling, and R.L. Bronaugh. (1997). In vitro percutaneous absorption of alpha hydroxy acids in human skin. J. Soci. Cosmet. Chem. 48:187–197.
  • M.E. Kraeling, G. Reddy, and R.L. Bronaugh. (1998). Percutaneous absorption of trinitrobenzene: animal models for human skin. J. Appl. Toxicol. 18:387–392.
  • W.J. Lyman, WF. Reehl, and D.H. Rosenblatt. Environmental Behavior of Organic Compounds: Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. McGraw-Hill Book Company, , (1982).
  • W.L. McLellan, W.R. Hartley, and M.E. Brower. Hexahydro-1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazine (RDX)Drinking Water Health Advisory: MunitionsW.C. Ed. Roberts, and W.R. Hartly. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Drinking Water Health Advisories. Lewis Publishers, Boca RatonFL, (1992)133–179.
  • M.A. Major. Biological degradation of explosivesBioremediation of Contaminated Soil. Monograph No. 37. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Society of America, , (1999).
  • R.A. Price, J.C. Pennington, S.L. Larson, D. Neumann, and C.A. Hayes. (2002). Uptake of RDX and TNT by agronomic plants. Soil Sediment Contam. 11:307–326.
  • W.G. Reifenrath, H.O. Kammen, W.G. Palmer, M.A. Major, and G.J. Leach. (2002). Percutaneous absorption of explosives and related compounds: an empirical model of bioavailability of organic nitro compounds from soil. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 182:160–168.
  • T.A. Roy, A.J. Krueger, B.B. Taylor, D.M. Mauro, and L.S. Goldstein. (1998). Studies estimating the dermal bioavailability of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from manufactured gas plant tar-contaminated soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32:3113–3117.
  • G.A. Skowronski, A.M. Kadry, R.M. Turkall, M.F. Botrous, and M.S. Abdel-Rahman. (1994). Soil decreases the dermal penetration of phenol in male pig in vitro. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 41:467–479.
  • U.S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). Dermal Exposure Assessment: Principles and Application. Report. EPA/600/8-91/011b. U.S. EPA Publications, WashingtonDC, (1992).
  • U.S. EPA. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). , CincinnatiOH, (2007) http://www.epa.gov/IRIS/subst/0313.htm.
  • M.E. Walsh, and T.F. Jenkins. Identification of TNT transformation products in soil. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, HanoverNH, (1992) Special Report 92–16, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
  • R.C. Wester, and H.I. Maibach. Regional variation in percutaneous absorptionPercutaneous Absorption2nd ed.R.L. Ed. Bronaugh, and H.I. Maibach. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, (1992)111.
  • R.C. Wester, H.I. Maibach, D.A.W. Bucks, L. Sedik, J. Meledres, C. Liao, and S. DiZio. (1990). Percutaneous absorption of [14C] DDT and [14C] Benzo (a) pyrene from soil. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 15:510–516.
  • R.C. Wester, H.I. Maibach, L. Sedik, J. Meledres, C. Liao, and S. DiZio. (1992). Percutaneous absorption of [14C] Chlordane from soil. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 35:269–277.
  • R.C. Woody, G.L. Kearns, and M.A. Brewster. (1986). The neurotoxicity of cyclotrimethylene (RDX) in a child: A clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Clin. Toxicol. 24:305–319.
  • J.J. Yang, T.A. Roy, A.J. Krueger, W. Neil, and C.R. Mackerer. (1989). In vitro and in vivo percutaneous absorption of benzo (a) pyrene from petroleum crude-fortified soil in the rat. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 43:207–214.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.