Safety of a Novel Calcium/Potassium Saltof (-)-Hydroxycitric Acid (HCA-SX): II.Developmental Toxicity Study in Rats

REFERENCES

• Bartlett M. S. Properties of sufficiency and statistical tests. Proc. Royal Stat. Soc. Series A 1937; 160: 268–282
   Google Scholar
• Boll P. M., Sorensen E., Balieu E. Naturally occurring lactones and lactames. The absolute configuration of hydroxycitric acid lactones: hibiscus acid and garcinia acid. Acta Chem. Scand. 1969; 23: 286–293
   Google Scholar
• Burdock Group. Opinion of an Expert Panel on the Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) Status of Super CitriMax® as a Flavoring Agent. 2003, Received October 31, 2003
   Google Scholar
• Clouatre D., Rosenbaum M. The Diet and Health Benefits of HCA (Hydroxycitric acid). Keats Publishing Co., New Canaan, CT 1994; 9
   Google Scholar
• Deshmukh N. S., Bagchi M., Yasmin T., Bagchi D. Safety of a novel calcium/potassium salt of hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX): I. Two-generation reproduction toxicity study. Tox. Mech. Meth. 2008, (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Downs B. W., Bagchi M., Subbaraju G. V., Shara M. A., Preuss H. G., Bagchi D. Bioefficacy of a novel calcium-potassium salt of (-)-hydroxycitric acid. Mutat. Res. 2005; 579: 149–162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DSHEA. Dietary Supplements and Health and Education Act of 1994. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 1994
   Google Scholar
• Hadjidakis D. J., Androulakis I. L. Bone remodeling. Ann. N. T. Acad. Sci. 2006; 1092: 385–396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jena B. S., Jayaprakasha G. K., Singh R. P., Sakariah K. K. Chemistry and biochemistry of (-)-hydroxycitric acid from Garcinia. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002; 50: 10–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazcano O., Li C. Y., Pierre R. V., O'Duffy J. D., Beissner R. S., Abell-Aleff P. C. Clinical utility of the alizarin red S stain on permanent preparations to detect calcium-containing compounds in synovial fluid. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1993; 99: 90–96
   Google Scholar
• Lowenstein J. M. Experiments with (-)-hydroxycitrate. in Essays in Cell Metabolism (W. Bartley, H. Hornber and J. Qualyle, Eds.). Wiley Interscience, New York, NY 1970; 153–156
   Google Scholar
• Martin F. W., Campbell C. W., Ruberte R. M. Perennial edible fruits of the tropics: an inventory. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Washington, DC 1987; 212
   Google Scholar
• Ohia S. E., Opere C. A., LeDay A. M., Bagchi M., Bagchi D., Stohs S. J. Safety and mechanism of appetite suppression by a novel hydroxycitric acid extract (HCA-SX). Mol. Cell. Biochem. 2002; 238: 89–103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preuss H. G., Bagchi D., Bagchi M., Rao C. V., Dey D. K., Satyanarayana S. Effects of a natural extract of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX) and a combination of HCA-SX plus niacin-bound chromium and Gymnema sylvestre extract on weight loss. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 2004a; 6: 171–180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preuss H. G., Garis R. I., Bramble J. D., Bagchi D., Bagchi M., Rao C. V., Satyanarayana S. Efficacy of a novel calcium/potassium salt of (-)-hydroxycitric acid in weight control. Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Res. 2005; 25: 133–144
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Preuss H. G., Rao C. V., Garis R., Bramble J. D., Ohia S. E., Bagchi M., Bagchi D. An overview of the safety and efficacy of a novel, natural (-)-hydroxycitric acid extract (HCA-SX) for weight management. J. Med. 2004b; 35: 33–48
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roy S., Shah H., Rink C., Khanna S., Bagchi D., Bagchi M., Sen C. K. Transcriptome of primary adipocytes from obese women in response to a novel hydroxycitric acid-based dietary supplement. DNA Cell Biol. 2007; 26: 627–639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shara M., Ohia S. E., Yasmin T., Zardetto-Smith A., Kincaid A., Bagchi M., Chatterjee A., Bagchi D., Stohs S. J. Dose-and time-dependent effects of a novel (-)-hydroxycitric acid extract on body weight, hepatic and testicular lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and histopathological data over a period of 90 days. Mol. Cell Biochem. 2003; 254: 339–346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shara M., Ohia S. E., Yasmin T., Zardetto-Smith A., Kincaid A., Bagchi M., Chatterjee A., Bagchi D., Stohs S. J. Physico-chemical properties of a novel (-)-hydroxycitric acid extract and its effect on body weight, selected organ weights, hepatic lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, hematology and clinical chemistry, and histopathological changes over a period of 90 days. Mol. Cell Biochem. 2004; 260: 171–186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soni M. G., Burdock G. A., Preuss H. G., Stohs S. J., Ohia S. E., Bagchi D. Safety assessment of (-)-hydroxycitric acid and Super CitriMax, a novel calcium/potassium salt. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2004; 42: 1513–1529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan A. C., Triscari J., Hamilton J. G., Miller O. N., Wheatley V. R. Effect of (-)-hydroxycitrate upon the accumulation of lipid in the rat. I. Lipogenesis. Lipids 1974a; 9: 121–128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan A. C., Triscari J., Hamilton J. G., Miller O. N. Effect of (-)-hydroxycitrate upon the accumulation of lipid in the rat. II. Appetite. Lipids 1974b; 9: 129–134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. FDA. Toxicological Principles for the Safety Assessment of Direct Food Additives and Color Additives Used in Food (‘Redbook’). U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 2000
   Google Scholar
• Watson J. A., Fang M., Lowenstein J. M. Tricarballylate and hydroxycitrate: substrate and inhibitor of ATP: citrate oxaloacetate lyase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1969; 135: 209–217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson J. A., Lowenstein J. M. Citrate and the conversion of carbohydrate into fat. Fatty acid synthesis by a combination of cytoplasm and mitochondria. J. Biol. Chem. 1970; 245: 5993–6002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson N. H., Hayes J. R. Short-term repeated dosing and subchronic toxicity studies. Principles and Methods of Toxicology, W. Hayes. Raven Press, New York 2001; 649–672
   Google Scholar