REFERENCES
- Wilt T J, Niewoehner D, MacDonald R, Kane R L. Management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review for a clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med 2007; 147: 639–663
- Calverley P MA, Anderson J A, Delli B, Ferguson G T, Jenkings C, Jones P W, Yates J C, Vestbo J. Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 775–789
- Tashkin D P, Celli B, Senn S, Burkhart D, Kesten S, Menjogee S M, Decramer M. A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1543–1554
- LeLorier J, Gregoire G, Benhaddad A, Lapierre J, Derderian F. Discrepancies between meta-analyses and subsequent large randomized, controlled trials. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 536–542
- Sin D D, Wu L, Anderson J A, et al. Inhaled corticosteroids and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2005; 60: 992–997
- Soriano J B, Vestbo J, Pride N B, Kiri V, Maden C, Maier W C. Survival in COPD patients after regular use of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol in general practice. Eur Respir J 2002; 20: 819–825
- Anzueto A, Tashkin D, Menjoge S, Kesten S. One-year analysis of longitudinal changes in spirometry in patients with COPD receiving tiotropium. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2005; 18: 75–81
- Celli B R, Thomas N E, Anderson J A, Ferguson G T, Jenkins C, Jones P W, Vestbo J, Knobil K, Yates J C, Calverley P MA. Effect of pharmacotherapy on rate of decline of lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Results from the TORCH Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178: 332–338
- Calverley P M, Spencer S, Willits L, Burge P S, Jones P W. Withdrawal from treatment as an outcome in the ISOLDE study of COPD. Chest 2003; 124: 1350–1356
- Salpeter S R, Buckley N S, Salpeter E E. Meta-analysis: Anticholinergics, but not β -agonists, reduce severe exacerbations and respiratory mortality in COPD. J Gen Intern Med 2006; 21: 1011–1019
- Salpeter S R, Ormiston T M, Salpeter E E. Cardiovascular effects of β -agonists in patients with asthma and COPD. A meta-analysis. Chest 2004; 125: 2309–2321
- Singh S, Loke Y K, Furberg C D. Inhaled anticholinergics and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2008; 300: 1439–1450
- La Vecchia C, Fabbri L M. Prevention of death in COPD. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 2211–2212