Acute exacerbations of COPD: The Challenge is Early Treatment

REFERENCES

• National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 2006, Available from: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/lung/other/copd_fact.pdf(accessed January 15th, 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Mannino D M, Braman S. The epidemiology and economics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2007; 4: 502–506
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murray C J, Lopez A D. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 1997; 349(9064)1498–504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannino D M, Homa D M, Akinbami L J, Ford E S, Redd S C. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Surveillance—United States, 1971–2000. MMWR 2002; 51(SS–6)1–16
   Google Scholar
• Johnston A K, Mannino D M. Epidemiology of COPD exacerbations. Exacerbations Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), J A Wedzicha, F Martinez. Informa Healthcare USA, New York 2009; 228: 15–24
   Google Scholar
• Nurmagambetov T, Atherly A, Williams S, Holguin F, Mannino D M, Redd S C. What is the cost to employers of direct medical care for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?. COPD 2006; 3: 203–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Traver GA. Measures of symptoms and life quality to predict emergent use of institutional health care resources in chronic obstructive airways disease. Heart Lung 1988; 17: 689–697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osman L M, Godden D J, Friend J AR, Legge J S, Douglas J G. Quality of life and hospital re-admission in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 1997; 52: 67–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casas A, Troosters T, Garcia-Aymerich J, Roca J, Hernández C, Alonso A, del Pozo F, de Toledo P, Antó J M, Rodríguez-Roisín R. Decramer M; members of the CHRONIC Project. Integrated care prevents hospitalisations for exacerbations in COPD patients. Eur Respir J 2006; 28: 123–130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calverley P M, Anderson J A, Celli B, Ferguson G T, Jenkins C, Jones P W, Yates J C, Vestbo J, TORCH investigators. Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2007; 356(8)775–89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tashkin D P, Celli B, Senn S, Burkhart D, Kesten S, Menjoge S, Decramer M, UPLIFT Study Investigators. A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med Oct 9, 2008; 359(15)1543–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seemungal T AR, Donaldson G C, Bhowmik A, Jeffries D J, Wedzicha J A. Time course and recovery of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161: 1608–1618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson T MA, Donaldson G C, Hurst J R, Seemungal T AR, Wedzicha J A. Early therapy improves outcomes of exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004; 169: 1298–1303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langsetmo L, Platt R W, Ernst P, Bourbeau J. Underreporting exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a longitudinal cohort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008; 177(4)396–401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandra D, Tsai C, Camargo C. Acute Exacerbations of COPD: Delay in Presentation and the Risk of Hospitalization. COPD 2009
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Quint J K, Baghai-Ravary R, Donaldson G C, Wedzicha J A. Relationship between depression and exacerbations in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2008; 32: 53–60
   Google Scholar
• Rowe B H, Cydulka R K, Tsai C L, Clark S, Sinclair D, Camargo C A, Jr. Comparison of Canadian versus United States emergency department visits for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. Can Respir J 2008; 15(6)295–301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOLD. Executive Summary: Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of COPD, available at: http://www.goldcopd.com/Guidelineitem.asp?11=2&l2=1&intId=989 Updated 2007
   Google Scholar
• Radeos M S, Rowe B H, Clark S, Barr R G, Camargo C A, Jr. Validation of self-reported COPD among patients in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med Jan, 2008, Accepted 29th:In press
   Google Scholar
• Wedzicha J A, Calverley P M, Seemungal T A, Hagan G, Ansari Z, Stockley R A, INSPIRE Investigators. The prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations by salmeterol/fluticasone propionate or tiotropium bromide. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 177(1)19–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandell L A, Wunderink R G, Anzueto A, Bartlett J G, Campbell G D, Dean N C, Dowell S F, File T M, Musher D M, Niederman M S, Torres A, Whitney C G. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2007; 44: S27–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia, http://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/Portals/0/Clinical%20Information/Pneumonia/Guidelines/MACAPrevisedApr04.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Roisin R. Toward a consensus definition for COPD exacerbations. Chest 2000; 117(Suppl. 2)398S–401S
   Google Scholar
• Hurst J R, Donaldson G C, Perera W R, Wilkinson T M, Bilello J A, Hagan G W, Vessey R S, Wedzicha J A. Use of plasma biomarkers at exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006; 174(8)867–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price L C, Lowe D, Hosker H S, Anstey K, Pearson M G, Roberts C M. British Thoracic Society and the Royal College of Physicians Clinical Effectiveness Evaluation Unit. UK National COPD Audit 2003: Impact of hospital resources and organisation of care on patient outcome following admission for acute COPD exacerbation. Thorax 2006; 61(10)837–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soler-Cataluña J J, Martínez-García M A, Román Sánchez P, Salcedo E, Navarro M, Ochando R. Severe acute exacerbations and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2005; 60: 925–931
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurst J R, Donaldson G C, Quint J K, Goldring J J, Baghai-Ravary R, Wedzicha J A. Temporal clustering of exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med Dec 12, 2008, [Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar
• Bourbeau J, Julien M, Maltais F, Rouleau M, Beaupré A, Bégin R, Renzi P, Nault D, Borycki E, Schwartzman K, Singh R, Collet J P. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease axis of the Respiratory Network Fonds de la Recherche en Santé du Québec. Reduction of hospital utilization in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a disease-specific self-management intervention. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163: 585–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar