References
- Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. GOLD Report 2019. 2019. pp. 1–155.
- Barnes PJ. Inflammatory mechanisms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;138(1):16–27. Available from: DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.05.011
- Maniscalco M, Bianco A, Mazzarella G, et al. Recent advances on nitric oxide in the upper airways. Curr Med Chem. 2016;23(24):2736–2745. DOI:10.2174/0929867323666160627115335
- Nigro E, Perrotta F, Monaco ML, et al. Implications of the adiponectin system in non-small cell lung cancer patients: A case-control study. Biomolecules. 2020;10(6):926. DOI:10.3390/biom10060926
- Brassington K, Selemidis S, Bozinovski S, et al. New frontiers in the treatment of comorbid cardiovascular disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Sci (Lond). 2019;133:885–904. DOI:10.1042/CS20180316
- Daniele A, De Rosa A, Nigro E, et al. Adiponectin oligomerization state and adiponectin receptors airway expression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2012;44(3):563–569. DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2011.12.016
- Hurst JR, Donaldson GC, Perera WR, et al. Use of plasma biomarkers at exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;174(8):867–874. DOI:10.1164/rccm.200604-506OC
- Thomsen M, Dahl M, Lange P, et al. Inflammatory biomarkers and comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;186(10):982–988. Available from: . DOI:10.1164/rccm.201206-1113OC
- Bianco A, Mazzarella G, Turchiarelli V, et al. Adiponectin: An attractive marker for metabolic disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nutrients. 2013;5(10):4115–4125. DOI:10.3390/nu5104115
- Bianco A, Nigro E, Monaco ML, et al. The burden of obesity in asthma and COPD: Role of adiponectin. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2017;43:20–25. DOI:10.1016/j.pupt.2017.01.004
- Di Zazzo E, Polito R, Bartollino S, et al. Adiponectin as link factor between adipose tissue and cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(4):839–852.
- Nigro E, Scudiero O, Monaco ML, et al. New insight into adiponectin role in obesity and obesity-related diseases. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:658913:1–14. DOI:10.1155/2014/658913
- Perrotta F, Nigro E, Mollica M, et al. Pulmonary hypertension and obesity: Focus on adiponectin. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(4):912–925.
- Paliogiannis P, Fois AG, Sotgia S, et al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and clinical outcomes in COPD: Recent evidence and future perspectives. Eur Respir Rev. 2018;27(147):170113. Available from: . DOI:10.1183/16000617.0113-2017
- Huang Y-L, Hu Z-D, Liu S-J, et al. Prognostic value of red blood cell distribution width for patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e104861 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0104861
- Xanthopoulos A, Giamouzis G, Melidonis A, et al. Red blood cell distribution width as a prognostic marker in patients with heart failure and diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2017;16(1):81 DOI:10.1186/s12933-017-0563-1
- Günay E, Sarınç Ulaşlı S, Akar O, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A retrospective study. Inflammation. 2014;37(2):374–380. DOI:10.1007/s10753-013-9749-1
- Furutate R, Ishii T, Motegi T, et al. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is related to disease severity and exacerbation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intern Med. 2016;55(3):223–229. DOI:10.2169/internalmedicine.55.5772
- Suárez-Cuenca JA, Ruíz-Hernández AS, Mendoza-Castañeda AA, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and its relation with pro-inflammatory mediators, visceral adiposity and carotid intima-media thickness in population with obesity. Eur J Clin Invest. 2019;49:e13085.
- Graham BL, Steenbruggen I, Miller MR, et al. Standardization of spirometry 2019 update. An official American thoracic society and european respiratory society technical statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;200(8):e70–e88. Available from: . DOI:10.1164/rccm.201908-1590ST
- Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, ATS/ERS Task Force, et al. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(2):319–338. DOI:10.1183/09031936.05.00034805
- Celli BR, MacNee W. Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper. Eur Respir J. 2004;23(6):932–946. DOI:10.1183/09031936.04.00014304
- Pecoraro A, Nigro E, Polito R, et al. Total and high molecular weight adiponectin expression is decreased in patients with common variable immunodeficiency: Correlation with Ig replacement therapy. Front Immunol. 2017;8:895 DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00895
- Eapen MS, Myers S, Walters EH, et al. Airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a true paradox. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2017;11(10):827–839. Available from: . DOI:10.1080/17476348.2017.1360769
- Duman D, Aksoy E, Agca MC, et al. The utility of inflammatory markers to predict readmissions and mortality in COPD cases with or without eosinophilia. Int J COPD. 2015;10:2469–2478.
- Maestrelli P, Saetta M, Di Stefano A, et al. Comparison of leukocyte counts in sputum, bronchial biopsies, and bronchoalveolar lavage. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152(6 Pt 1):1926–1931. DOI:10.1164/ajrccm.152.6.8520757
- Wen Y, Reid DW, Zhang D, et al. Assessment of airway inflammation using sputum, BAL, and endobronchial biopsies in current and ex-smokers with established COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2010;5:327–334. DOI:10.2147/COPD.S11343
- Fahy JV, Dickey BF. Airway mucus function and dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(23):2233–2247. DOI:10.1056/NEJMra0910061
- Rossi A, Lord JM. Adiponectin inhibits neutrophil apoptosis via activation of AMP kinase, PKB and ERK 1/2 MAP kinase. Apoptosis. 2013;18(12):1469–1480. Available from: . DOI:10.1007/s10495-013-0893-8
- Wilk S, Scheibenbogen C, Bauer S, et al. Adiponectin is a negative regulator of antigen-activated T cells. Eur J Immunol. 2011;41(8):2323–2332. DOI:10.1002/eji.201041349
- Peng YJ, Shen TL, Chen YS, et al. Adiponectin and adiponectin receptor 1 overexpression enhance inflammatory bowel disease. J Biomed Sci. 2018;25(1):1–13. DOI:10.1186/s12929-018-0419-3
- Nigro E, Stiuso P, Matera MG, et al. The anti-proliferative effects of adiponectin on human lung adenocarcinoma A549cells and oxidative stress involvement. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2019;55:25–30.
- Nigro E, Scudiero O, Sarnataro D, et al. Adiponectin affects lung epithelial A549 cell viability counteracting TNFα and IL-1ß toxicity through AdipoR1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2013;45(6):1145–1153. DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2013.03.003
- Hattori Y, Hattori S, Kasai K. Globular adiponectin activates nuclear factor-kappaB in vascular endothelial cells, which in turn induces expression of proinflammatory and adhesion molecule genes. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(1):139–141. DOI:10.2337/diacare.29.01.06.dc05-1364
- Hattori Y, Nakano Y, Hattori S, et al. High molecular weight adiponectin activates AMPK and suppresses cytokine-induced NF-kappaB activation in vascular endothelial cells. FEBS Lett. 2008;582(12):1719–1724. DOI:10.1016/j.febslet.2008.04.037
- Forget P, Khalifa C, Defour JP, et al. What is the normal value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio? BMC Res Notes. 2017;10(1):1–4. DOI:10.1186/s13104-016-2335-5
- Rahimirad S, Ghaffary MR, Rahimirad MH, et al. Association between admission neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and outcomes in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Tuberk Toraks. 2017;64(1):25–31. DOI:10.5578/tt.27626
- Xiong W, Xu M, Zhao Y, et al. Can we predict the prognosis of COPD with a routine blood test? Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017;12:615–625. DOI:10.2147/COPD.S124041