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Cryogenic dermal injuries to the chest secondary to inhalational abuse of keyboard cleaner

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Pages 672-674 | Received 25 Sep 2017, Accepted 09 Nov 2017, Published online: 30 Nov 2017

References

  • Sakai K, Maruyama-Maebashi K, Takatsu A, et al. Sudden death involving inhalation of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a) with spray cleaner: three case reports. Forensic Sci Int. 2011;206:58–61.
  • Plumb J, Thomas RG. Sudden severe perioral swelling in an adolescent boy. Clin Toxicol. 2013;51:379–380.
  • Kuspis DA, Krenzelok EP. Oral frostbite injury from intentional abuse of a fluorinated hydrocarbon. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1999;37:873–875.
  • Havenith G, van de Linde EJG, Heus R. Pain, thermal sensation and cooling rates of hands while touching cold materials. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1992;65:43–51.
  • Stefanutti G, Yee J, Sparnon AL. Cryogenic burns from intentional use of aerosol spray in children: an emerging phenomenon. Burns. 2010;36:65–67.

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