Underreporting of drug use among electronic dance music party attendees

References

• Fendrich M, Mackesy-Amiti ME, Johnson TP. Validity of self-reported substance use in men who have sex with men: comparisons with a general population sample. Ann Epidemiol. 2008;18(10):752–759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fendrich M, Rosenbaum DP. Recanting of substance use reports in a longitudinal prevention study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2003;70(3):241–253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fendrich M, Johnson TP, Wislar JS, et al. The utility of drug testing in epidemiological research: results from a general population survey. Addiction. 2004;99(2):197–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palamar JJ. Barriers to accurately assessing prescription opioid misuse on surveys. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2019;45(2):117–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson T, Fendrich M. Modeling sources of self-report bias in a survey of drug use epidemiology. Ann Epidemiol. 2005;15(5):381–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliver CF, Palamar JJ, Salomone A, et al. Synthetic cathinone adulteration of illegal drugs. Psychopharmacology (Berl).). 2019;236(3):869–879.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palamar JJ, Salomone A, Vincenti M, et al. Detection of "bath salts" and other novel psychoactive substances in hair samples of ecstasy/MDMA/"Molly" users. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;161:200–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palamar JJ, Salomone A, Gerace E, et al. Hair testing to assess both known and unknown use of drugs amongst ecstasy users in the electronic dance music scene. Int J Drug Policy. 2017;48:91–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson TP, Bowman PJ. Cross-cultural sources of measurement error in substance use surveys. Subst Use Misuse. 2003;38(10):1447–1490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanner-Smith EE. Pharmacological content of tablets sold as "ecstasy": results from an online testing service. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006;83(3):247–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parrott AC. Is ecstasy MDMA? A review of the proportion of ecstasy tablets containing MDMA, their dosage levels, and the changing perceptions of purity. Psychopharmacology (Berl).). 2004;173(3-4):234–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caudevilla-Gálligo F, Ventura M, Ruiz BII, et al. Presence and composition of cathinone derivatives in drug samples taken from a drug test service in Spain (2010-2012). Hum Psychopharmacol. 2013;28(4):341–344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidal Gine C, Vilamala MV, Espinosa IF, et al. Crystals and tablets in the Spanish ecstasy market 2000-2014: are they the same or different in terms of purity and adulteration?. Forensic Sci Int. 2016;263:164–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunt TM, Nagy C, Bucheli A, et al. Drug testing in Europe: monitoring results of the Trans European Drug Information (TEDI) Project. Drug Test Anal. 2017;9(2):188–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tupper W, McCrae K, Garber I, et al. Initial results of a drug checking pilot program to detect fentanyl adulteration in a Canadian setting. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018; 190:242–245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Drug Enforcement Administration. Counterfeit prescription pills containing fentanyls: a global threat [DEA Intelligence Brief; DEA-DCT-DIB-021-16]. 2016. [cited 17 March 2020]. Available from: http://www.dea.gov/docs/Counterfeit%20Prescription%20Pills.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Arens AM, van Wijk XMR, Vo KT, et al. Adverse effects from counterfeit alprazolam tablets. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176(10):1554–1555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Presence of fentanyl in cocaine contributing to increase in drug overdose deaths in 2017. Advisory # 10; 2017. [cited 17 March 2020]. Available from: https://ndews.umd.edu/sites/ndews.umd.edu/files/fentanyl-han-advisory.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ciccarone D. Fentanyl in the US heroin supply: a rapidly changing risk environment. Int J Drug Policy. 2017; 46:107–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Donnell JK, Gladden RM, Seth P. Trends in deaths involving heroin and synthetic opioids excluding methadone, and law enforcement drug product reports, by census region - United States, 2006-2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66(34):897–903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young-Wolff KC, Tucker L, Alexeeff S, et al. Trends in self-reported and biochemically tested marijuana use among pregnant females in California from 2009-2016. JAMA. 2017;318(24):2490–2491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krotulski AJ, Mohr ALA, Fogarty MF, et al. The detection of novel stimulants in oral fluid from users reporting ecstasy, Molly and MDMA ingestion. J Anal Toxicol. 2018;42(8):544–553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palamar JJ, Salomone A, Bigiarini R, et al. Testing hair for fentanyl exposure: a method to inform harm reduction behavior among individuals who use heroin. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2019;45(1):90–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li DH, Janulis P, Mustanski B. Predictors of correspondence between self-reported substance use and urinalysis screening among a racially diverse cohort of young men who have sex with men and transgender women. Addict Behav. 2019;88:6–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fendrich M, Johnson TP, Sudman S, et al. Validity of drug use reporting in a high-risk community sample: a comparison of cocaine and heroin survey reports with hair tests. Am J Epidemiol. 1999;149(10):955–962.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darke S. Self-report among injecting drug users: a review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1998;51(3):253–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bone C, Gelberg L, Vahidi M, et al. Under-reporting of risky drug use among primary care patients in federally qualified health centers. J Addict Med. 2016; 10:387–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verstraete AG. Detection times of drugs of abuse in blood, urine, and oral fluid. Ther Drug Monit. 2004;26(2):200–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Bournissen F, Moller M, Nesterenko M, et al. Pharmacokinetics of disappearance of cocaine from hair after discontinuation of drug use. Forensic Sci Int. 2009;189(1-3):24–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suwannachom N, Thananchai T, Junkuy A, et al. Duration of detection of methamphetamine in hair after abstinence. Forensic Sci Int. 2015;254:80–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen M, Xiang P, Sun Y, et al. Disappearance of 6-acetylmorphine, morphine and codeine from human scalp hair after discontinuation of opiate abuse. Forensic Sci Int. 2013;227(1-3):64–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fendrich M, Johnson TP, Wislar JS, et al. Drug test feasibility in a general population household survey. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2004;73(3):237–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palamar JJ, Le A, Guarino H, et al. A comparison of the utility of urine- and hair testing in detecting self-reported drug use among young adult opioid users. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;200:161–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedegaard H, Bastian BA, Trinidad JP, et al. Drugs most frequently involved in drug overdose deaths: United States, 2011–2016. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2018;67(9):1–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Palamar JJ, Griffin-Tomas M, Ompad DC. Illicit drug use among rave attendees in a nationally representative sample of US high school seniors. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015;152:24–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes CE, Moxham-Hall V, Ritter A, et al. The deterrent effects of Australian street-level drug law enforcement on illicit drug offending at outdoor music festivals. Int J Drug Policy. 2017;41:91–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palamar JJ, Acosta P, Le A, et al. Adverse drug-related effects among electronic dance music party attendees. Int J Drug Policy. 2019;73:81–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKellar DA, Gallagher KM, Finlayson T, et al. Surveillance of HIV risk and prevention behaviors of men who have sex with men–a national application of venue-based, time-space sampling. Public Health Rep. 2007;122(1_suppl):39–47.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Palamar JJ, Le A, Acosta P, et al. Consistency of self-reported drug use among electronic dance music party attendees. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2019;38(7):798–806.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kintz P. Issues about axial diffusion during segmental hair analysis. Ther Drug Monit. 2013;35(3):408–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Corcia D, D'Urso F, Gerace E, et al. Simultaneous determination in hair of multiclass drugs of abuse (including THC) by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2012;899:154–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salomone A, Gazzilli G, Di Corcia D, et al. Determination of cathinones and other stimulant, psychedelic, and dissociative designer drugs in real hair samples. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2016;408(8):2035–2042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salomone A, Palamar JJ, Bigiarini R, et al. Detection of fentanyl analogs and synthetic opioids in real hair samples. J Anal Toxicol. 2019;43(4):259–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vincenti M, Salomone A, Gerace E, et al. Application of mass spectrometry to hair analysis for forensic toxicological investigations. Mass Spectrom Rev. 2013;32(4):312–332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kintz P, Salomone A, Vincenti M. Hair analysis in clinical and forensic toxicology. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper GA, Kronstrand R, Kintz P, Society of Hair Testing. Society of Hair Testing guidelines for drug testing in hair. Forensic Sci Int. 2012;218(1-3):20–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heeringa SG, West BT, Berglund PA. Applied survey data analysis. London: Chapman and Hall: CRC Press; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Palamar JJ, Barratt MJ. Prevalence of reagent test-kit use and perceptions of purity among ecstasy users in an electronic dance music scene in New York City. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2019;38(1):42–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colon-Berezin C, Nolan ML, Blachman-Forshay J, et al. Overdose deaths involving fentanyl and fentanyl analogs - New York City, 2000-2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(2):37–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han BH, Tuazon E, Kunins HV, et al. Unintentional drug overdose deaths involving cocaine among middle-aged and older adults in New York City. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;198:121–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ledgerwood DM, Goldberger BA, Risk NK, et al. Comparison between self-report and hair analysis of illicit drug use in a community sample of middle-aged men. Addict Behav. 2008;33(9):1131–1139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staff J, Schulenberg JE, Maslowsky J, et al. Substance use changes and social role transitions: proximal developmental effects on ongoing trajectories from late adolescence through early adulthood. Dev Psychopathol. 2010;22(4):917–932.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White D, Rosenberg ES, Cooper HLF, et al. Racial differences in the validity of self-reported drug use among men who have sex with men in Atlanta, GA. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;138:146–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Civil Liberties Union. Report: the war on marijuana in black and white. 2013. [cited 17 March 2020]. Available from: https://www.aclu.org/report/report-war-marijuana-black-and-white.
   Google Scholar
• Hamby T, Taylor W. Survey satisficing inflates reliability and validity measures: an experimental comparison of college and amazon mechanical Turk samples. Educ Psychol Meas. 2016;76(6):912–932.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tourangeau R, Rips LJ, Rasinski K. The psychology of survey response. 6th ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor M, Lees R, Henderson G, et al. Comparison of cannabinoids in hair with self-reported cannabis consumption in heavy, light and non-cannabis users. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2017;36(2):220–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richeval C, Allorge D, Vanhoye X, et al. LSD detection and interpretation in hair. Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(36):5496–5501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norwood MS, Hughes JP, Amico KR. The validity of self-reported behaviors: methods for estimating underreporting of risk behaviors. Ann Epidemiol. 2016;26(9):612–618.e2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar