References
- Watson WA, Litovitz TL, Rodgers GC, Jr, Klein-Schwartz W, Reid N, Youniss J, Flanagan A, Wruk KM. 2004 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med 2005; 23(5)589–666
- Brubacher JR. β-adrenergic antagonists. Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies, LR Goldrank, NE Flamenbaum, NA Lewin, MA Howland, RS Hoffman, LS Nelson. McGraw-Hill, New York 2002; 741–57
- Ellenhorn MJ. Class II drugs: Beta blockers. Ellenhorn's medical toxicology diagnosis and treatment of human poisoning, MJ Ellenhorn, G Ordog, J Wasserberger. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD 1997; 525–28
- Freestone S, Thomas HM, Bhamra RK, Dyson EH. Severe atenolol poisoning: Treatment with prenalterol. Hum Toxicol 1986; 5(5)343–5
- Hurwitz MD, Kallenbach JM, Pincus PS. Massive propranolol overdose. Am J Med 1986; 81(6)1118
- Shore ET, Cepin D, Davidson MJ. Metoprolol overdose. Ann Emerg Med 1981; 10(10)524–7
- Holger JS, Engebretsen KM, Obetz CL, Kleven TL, Harris CR. A comparison of vasopressin and glucagons in beta-blocker induced toxicity. Clin Toxicol 2006; 44(1)45–51
- Shrier RW, Berl T, Anderson RJ. Osmotic and nonosmotic control of vasopressin release. Am J Physiol 1979; 236(4)F321–32
- Rozenfeld V, Cheng JW. The role of vasopressin in the treatment of vasodilation in schock states. Ann Pharmacother 2000; 34(2)250–4
- Landry DW, Levin HR, Gallant EM, Ashton RC, Seo S, Jr, D'Alessandro D, Oz MC, Oliver JA. Vasopressin deficiency contributes to the vasodilation of septic shock. Circulation 1997; 95(5)1122–5
- Wenzel V, Krismer AC, Arntz HR, Sitter H, Stadlbauer KH, Lindner KH. A comparison of vasopressin and epinephrine for out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. N Engl J Med 2004; 350(2)105–13
- Lurie KG, Voelckel WG, Iskos DN, McKnite SH, Zielinski TM, Sugiyama A, Wenzel V, Benditt D, Lindner KH. Combination drug therapy with vasopressin, adrenaline (epinephrine) and nitroglycerin improves vital organ blood flow in a porcine model of ventricular fibrillation. Resuscitation 2002; 54(2)187–94
- Stadlbauer KH, Wagner-Berger HG, Wenzel V, Voelckel WG, Krismer AC, Klima G, Rheinberger K, Pechlaner S, Mayr VD, Lindner KH. Survival with full neurologic recovery after prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation with a combination of vasopressin and epinephrine in pigs. Anesth Analg 2003; 96(6)1743–9, table of contents.
- Holmes CL, Patel BM, Russell JA, Walley KR. Physiology of vasopressin relevant to management of septic shock. Chest 2001; 120(3)989–1002
- Kerns W, II, Schroeder D, Williams C, Tomaszewski C, Raymond R. Insulin improves survival in a canine model of acute beta-blocker toxicity. Ann Emerg Med 1997; 29(6)748–57
- Shepard G, Klein-Schwartz W. High-dose insulin therapy for calcium-channel blocker overdose. Ann Pharmacother 2005; 39(5)923–30
- van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, Verwaest C, Bruyninckx F, Schetz M, Vlasselaers D, Ferdinande P, Lauwers P, Bouillon R. Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2001; 345(19)1359–67
- Van den Berghe G. How does blood glucose control with insulin save lives in intensive care?. J Clin Invest 2004; 114(9)1187–95
- Ludbrook J. Interim analyses of data as they accumulate in laboratory experimentation. BMC Med Res Methodol 2003; 3: 15
- Mayr VD, Wenzel V, Voelckel WG, Krismer AC, Mueller T, Lurie KG, Linder KH. Developing a vasopressor combination in a pig model of adult asphyxial cardiac arrest. Circulation 2001; 104: 1651–6