References
- Olsnes S, Pihl A. Ricin - a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis. FEBS Lett 1972; 20(3)327–329
- Hassoun EA, Wang X. Time- and concentration-dependent production of superoxide anion, nitric oxide, DNA damage and cellular death by ricin in the J774A.1 macrophage cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 1999 13(3–4)179–185
- Hassoun E, Wang X. Ricin-induced toxicity in the macrophage J744A.1 cells: the role of TNF-alpha and the modulation effects of TNF-alpha polyclonal antibody. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2000; 14(2)95–101
- Higuchi S, Tamura T, Oda T. Cross-talk between the pathways leading to the induction of apoptosis and the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in ricin-treated RAW 264.7 cells. J Biochem (Tokyo) 2003; 134(6)927–933
- Korcheva V, Wong J, Corless C, Iordanov M, Magun B. Administration of ricin induces a severe inflammatory response via nonredundant stimulation of ERK, JNK, and P38 MAPK and provides a mouse model of hemolytic uremic syndrome. Am J Pathol 2005; 166(1)323–339
- Gareth D, Griffiths PR, Allenby AC, Bailey SC, Upshall DG. Inhalation toxicology and histopathology of ricin and abrin toxins. Inhalation Toxicology 1995; 7: 269–288
- Zilinskas RA. Iraq's biological weapons. The past as future?. JAMA 1997; 278(5)418–424
- Mayor S. UK doctors warned after ricin poison found in police raid. BMJ 2003; 326(7381)126
- Audi J, Belson M, Patel M, Schier J, Osterloh J. Ricin poisoning: a comprehensive review. JAMA 2005; 294(18)2342–2351
- Challoner KR, McCarron MM. Castor bean intoxication. Ann Emerg Med 1990; 19(10)1177–1183
- Olsnes S. The history of ricin, abrin and related toxins. Toxicon 2004; 44(4)361–370
- Poli MA, Rivera VR, Hewetson JF, Merrill GA. Detection of ricin by colorimetric and chemiluminescence ELISA. Toxicon 1994; 32(11)1371–1377
- Godal A, Olsnes S, Pihl A. Radioimmunoassays of abrin and ricin in blood. J Toxicol Environ Health 1981; 8(3)409–417
- Kopferschmitt J, Flesch F, Lugnier A, Sauder P, Jaeger A, Mantz JM. Acute voluntary intoxication by ricin. Hum Toxicol 1983; 2(2)239–242
- Rauber A, Heard J. Castor bean toxicity re-examined: a new perspective. Vet Hum Toxicol 1985; 27(6)498–502
- Fodstad O, Olsnes S, Pihl A. Toxicity, distribution and elimination of the cancerostatic lectins abrin and ricin after parenteral injection into mice. Br J Cancer 1976; 34(4)418–425
- Knight B. Ricin--a potent homicidal poison. Br Med J 1979; 1(6159)350–351
- Roy CJ, Hale M, Hartings JM, Pitt L, Duniho S. Impact of inhalation exposure modality and particle size on the respiratory deposition of ricin in BALB/c mice. Inhal Toxicol 2003; 15(6)619–638
- Bradberry SM, Dickers KJ, Rice P, Griffiths GD, Vale JA. Ricin poisoning. Toxicol Rev 2003; 22(1)65–70
- Doan LG. Ricin: mechanism of toxicity, clinical manifestations, and vaccine development. A review. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2004; 42(2)201–208
- Doebler JA, Wiltshire ND, Mayer TW, Estep JE, Moeller RB, Traub RK, Broomfield CA, Calamaio CA, Thompson WL, Pitt ML. The distribution of [125I]ricin in mice following aerosol inhalation exposure. Toxicology 1995; 98(1–3)137–149
- Shyu RH, Shyu HF, Liu HW, Tang SS. Colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay for detection of ricin. Toxicon 2002; 40(3)255–258
- Garber EA, Eppley RM, Stack ME, McLaughlin MA, Park DL. Feasibility of immunodiagnostic devices for the detection of ricin, amanitin, and T-2 toxin in food. J Food Prot 2005; 68(6)1294–1301
- Wilhelmsen CL, Pitt ML. Lesions of acute inhaled lethal ricin intoxication in rhesus monkeys. Vet Pathol 1996; 33(3)296–302
- Brown RF, White DE. Ultrastructure of rat lung following inhalation of ricin aerosol. Int J Exp Pathol 1997; 78(4)267–276
- Schlesinger RB. Comparative deposition of inhaled aerosols in experimental animals and humans: a review. J Toxicol Environ Health 1985; 15(2)197–214
- ICRP TGot. Human respiratory tract model for radiological protection. A report of a task group of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Ann ICRP 1994; 24(1–3)1–482
- Becquemin MH, Swift DL, Bouchikhi A, Roy M, Teillac A. Particle deposition and resistance in the noses of adults and children. Eur Respir J 1991; 4(6)694–702
- Smallshaw JE, Richardson JA, Pincus S, Schindler J, Vitetta ES. Preclinical toxicity and efficacy testing of RiVax, a recombinant protein vaccine against ricin. Vaccine 2005; 23(39)4775–4784