Determination of heavy metals and risk assessment in nail cosmetics sold in Seoul, Korea

References

• International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: beryllium, cadmium, mercury and exposures in the glass manufacturing industry. Volume 58. Lyon: IARC; 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Bressler J, Kim KA, Chakraborti T, et al. Molecular mechanisms of lead nerrotoxicity. Neurochem Res. 1999;24(4):595–600. doi: 10.1023/a:1022596115897.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toscano CD, Guilarte TR. Lead neurotoxicity: from exposure to molecular effects. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2005;49(3):529–554. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2005.02.004.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vaziri ND, Sica DA. Lead-induced hypertension: role of oxidative stress. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2004;6(4):314–320. doi: 10.1007/s11906-004-0027-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). Regulations on the Safety Standards of Cosmetics. Standard No. 2020-12: 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Godt J, Scheidig F, Grosse-Siestrup C, et al. The toxicity of cadmium and resulting hazards for human health. J Occup Med Toxicol. 2006;1(1):6. doi: 10.1186/1745-6673-1-22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lavilla I, Cabaleiro N, Costas M, et al. Ultrasound-assisted emulsification of cosmetic samples prior to elemental analysis by different atomic spectrometric techniques. Talanta. 2009;80(1):109–116. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.06.036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological profile for arsenic. Atlanta; ATSDR: 2007.
   Google Scholar
• New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Environmental Assessment and Risk Analysis Element. White Paper Summary. Dermal absorption of inorganic Arsenic from water. New Jersey: NJ EPA; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological profile for antimony. Atlanta: ATSDR; 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Roper SC, Stupart L. The in vitro percutaneous absorption of antimony trioxide through human skin. Charles River Laboratories Report No. 25985. Edinburgh (UK); 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Cha NR, Lee JK, Lee YR, et al. Determination of iron, copper, zinc, lead, nickel and cadmium in cosmetic matrices by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Anal Let. 2010;43(2):259–268. doi: 10.1080/00032710903325781.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). Guideline on analytical method validation. 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety. The Scientific Committee on consumer safety: notes of guidance for the testing of cosmetics substances and their safety evaluation-10th revision. 2018. SCCS/1602/18. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/default/files/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_224.pdf. [Accessed on October 23 2021]
   Google Scholar
• US Environmental protection agency. Energy star overview of 2006 achievements. Washington DC: US EPA Climate Protection Partnerships Division; 2006. Available from: https://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/pt_awards/2006_Achievements_Overview.pdf. [Accessed on October 23 2021]
   Google Scholar
• Achary MS, Panigrahi S, Satpathy KK, et al. Health risk assessment and seasonal distribution of dissolved trace metals in surface waters of kalpakkam, southwest Coast of Bay of bengal. Reg Stud Mar Sci. 2016;6:96–108. doi: 10.1016/j.rsma.2016.03.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Environmental Protection Agency. Supplemental Guidance for developing Soil screening levels for superfund sites. OSWER 9355.4-24. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. Washington DC: US EPA; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• US Environmental Protection Agency. Regional screening level table (RSL) for chemical contaminants at superfund sites. Washington DC: US EPA; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• El-Aziz RA, Abbassy MM, Hosny G. Health risk assessment of some heavy metals in cosmetics in common use. Int J Environ Sci Toxic Res. 2017;5(3):53–62.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. The Scientific Basis of Tobacco Product Regulation. Geneva: Second report of a WHO Study Group; 2008. (WHO Technical Report Series; 951). Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43997/TRS951_eng.pdf?sequence=1. [Accessed on October 2 2021].
   Google Scholar
• Codex Alimentarius Commission. Guidelines on good laboratory practice in residue analysis CAC/GL 40-1993. Rev. 1-2003. Rome: CAC; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Nnorom IC, Igwe JC, Oji-Nnorom CG. Trace metal contents of facial (make-up) cosmetics commonly used in Nigeria. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2005;4:1133–1138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Saleh I, Al-Enazi S, Shinwari N. Assessment of lead in cosmetic products. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2009;54(2):105–113. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.02.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omolaoye JA, Uzairu A, Gimba CE. Heavy metal assessment of some eye shadow products imported into Nigeria from China. Arch Appl Sci Res. 2010;2:79–84.
   Google Scholar
• Grosser Z, Davidowske L, Thompson L. The determination of metals in cosmetics. Perkin Elmer Appl. Note. 2011. 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Volpe MG, Nazzaro M, Coppola R, et al. Determination and assessments of selected heavy metals in eye shadow cosmetics from China, Italy, and USA. Microchem J. 2012;101:65–69. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2011.10.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piccinini P, Piecha M, Torrent SF. European survey on the content of lead in lip products. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2013;76:225–233. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.11.047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouremi OI, Ayodele OE. Lipsticks and nail polishes: potential sources of heavy metal in human body. Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci. 2014;3(4):45–51.
   Google Scholar
• Ackah M, Osci J, Anim AK. Status of some metals contained in imported nail polish and lipsticks on the Ghanaian market. Proc Int Acad Ecol Environ Sci. 2015;5(4):142–147.
   Google Scholar
• Ullah H, Noreen S, Rehman A, et al. Comparative study of heavy metals content in cosmetic products of different countries marketed in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Arab J Chem. 2017;10(1):10–18. doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.09.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karimi G, Ziarati P. Heavy metal contamination of popular nail polishes in Iran. Iran J Toxicol. 2015;9(29):1290–1295.
   Google Scholar
• Health Canada-Sante Canada (HC-SC). Guidance on heavy metal impurities in cosmetics. 2012. Available from: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/consumer-product-safety/reports-publications/industry-professionals/guidance-heavy-metal-impurities-cosmetics.html. [Accessed on November 2 2021]
   Google Scholar
• Sneyers L, Verheyen L, Vermaercke P, et al. Trace element determination in beauty products by ko-instrumental neutron activation analysis. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 2009;281(2):259–263. doi: 10.1007/s10967-009-0105-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim EY, Little JC, Chiu N. Estimating exposure to chemical contaminants in drinking water. Environ Sci Technol. 2004;38(6):1799–1806. doi: 10.1021/es026300t.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koo HJ, Lee BM. Estimated exposure to phthalates in cosmetics and risk assessment. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2004;67(23-24):1901–1914. doi: 10.1080/15287390490513300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ficheux AS, Morisset T, Chevillotte G, et al. Probabilistic assessment of exposure to nail cosmetics in French consumers. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014;66:36–43. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to human. 100C. Lyon: IARC; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Stavrides JC. Lung carcinogenesis: pivotal role of metals in tobacco smoke. Free Radic Biol Med. 2006;41(7):1017–1030. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.06.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim HS, Kim YJ, Seo YR. An overview of carcinogenic heavy metal: molecular toxicity mechanism and prevention. J Cancer Prev. 2015; 20(4):232–240. doi: 10.15430/JCP.2015.20.4.232.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Loh MM, Levy JI, Spengler JD, et al. Ranking cancer risks of organic hazardous air pollutants in the United States. Environ Health Perspect. 2007;115(8):1160–1168. doi: 10.1289/ehp.9884.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim DS, Roh TH, Kim MK, et al. Non-cancer, cancer, and dermal sensitization risk assessment of heavy metals in cosmetics. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2018;81(11):432–452. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1451191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar