Effectiveness and safety of a cream product containing zinc oxide for alleviating mosquito bite symptoms

References

• Crisp HC, Johnson KS. Mosquito allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2013;110(2):65–69. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2012.07.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhai H, Packman EW, Maibach HI. Effectiveness of ammonium solution in relieving type I mosquito bite symptoms: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Acta Derm Venereol. 1998;78(4):297–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reunala T, Lappalainen P, Brummer-Korvenkontio H, et al. Cutaneous reactivity to mosquito bites: effect of cetirizine and development of anti-mosquito antibodies. Clin Exp Allergy. 1991;21(5):617–622. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1991.tb00855.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulthanan K, Wongkamchai S, Triwongwaranat D. Mosquito allergy: clinical features and natural course. J Dermatol. 2010;37(12):1025–1031. doi: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.00958.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manuyakorn W, Itsaradisaikul S, Benjaponpitak S, et al. Mosquito allergy in children: Clinical features and limitation of commercially-available diagnostic tests. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2017;35(4):186–190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Management of simple insect bites: where’s the evidence? Drug Ther Bull.2012;50(4):45–48. doi: 10.1136/dtb.2012.04.0099.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'rourke FJ, Murnaghan MF. The cutaneous reaction to the bite of the mosquito aëdes aegypti (L.) and its alleviation by the topical application of an antihistaminic cream (pyribenzamine). J Allergy. 1953;24(2):120–125. doi: 10.1016/0021-8707(53)90098-7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karppinen A, Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Reunala T, et al. Rupatadine 10 mg in the treatment of immediate mosquito-bite allergy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012;26(7):919–922. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04543.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karppinen A, Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Petman L, et al. Levocetirizine for treatment of immediate and delayed mosquito bite reactions. Acta Derm Venereol. 2006;86(4):329–331. doi: 10.2340/00015555-0085.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karppinen A, Kautiainen H, Reunala T, et al. Loratadine in the treatment of mosquito-bite-sensitive children. Allergy. 2000;55(7):668–671. doi: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00609.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karppinen A, Kautiainen H, Petman L, et al. Comparison of cetirizine, ebastine and loratadine in the treatment of immediate mosquito-bite allergy. Allergy. 2002;57(6):534–537. doi: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.13201.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bi XD, Lu BZ, Pan XX, et al. Adjunct therapy with probiotics for chronic urticaria in children: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2021;17(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s13223-021-00544-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aman N, Rauf K, Khan SA, et al. Effect of commercial and green synthesized ZnO NPs in murine model of chloroquine-induced pruritus. Int J Nanomedicine. 2019;14:3103–3110. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S202256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shohrati M, Davoudi M, Almasi M, et al. Comparative study of unna’s boot and betamethasone cream in the treatment of sulfur mustard-related pruritus. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2007;26(4):303–309. doi: 10.1080/15569520701588723.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hercogová J. Topical anti-itch therapy. Dermatol Ther. 2005;18(4):341–343. doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2005.00033.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Godfrey HR, Godfrey NJ, Godfrey JC, et al. A randomized clinical trial on the treatment of oral herpes with topical zinc oxide/glycine. Altern Ther Health Med. 2001;7(3):49–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallengren J. Tea tree oil attenuates experimental contact dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res. 2011;l303(5):333–338. doi: 10.1007/s00403-010-1083-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dall’Oglio F, Musumeci ML, Puglisi DF, et al. A novel treatment of diaper dermatitis in children and adults. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20(Suppl 1):1–4. doi: 10.1111/jocd.14091.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wiegand C, Hipler UC, Boldt S, et al. Skin-protective effects of a zinc oxide-functionalized textile and its relevance for atopic dermatitis. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2013;6:115–121. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S44865.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marčetić M, Božić D, Milenković M, et al. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of young shoots of the smoke tree, cotinus coggygria scop. Phytother Res. 2013;27(11):1658–1663. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4919.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panahi Y, Moharamzad Y, Beiraghdar F, et al. Comparison of clinical efficacy of topical pimecrolimus with betamethasone in chronic skin lesions due to sulfur mustard exposure: a randomized, investigator-blind study. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2009;104(2):171–175. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00356.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar