Effects of occupational exposure to trace levels of halogenated anesthetics on the liver, kidney, and oxidative stress parameters in operating room personnel

References

• American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), 2017. TLVs® and BEIs®: Based on the documentation of the threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents and biological exposure indices. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
   Google Scholar
• American Society of Anesthesiologists. 1974. Occupational disease among operating room personnel: a national study. Report of an ad hoc committee on the effect of trace anesthetics on the health of operating room personnel. Anesthesiology, 41, 321–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baghaei, A., et al., 2016. Molecular and biochemical evidence on the protection of cardiomyocytes from phosphine-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis by acetyl-l-carnitine. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 42, 30–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakhshaei, M.H., et al., 2017. Exposure assessment, biological monitoring, and liver function tests of operating room personnel exposed to halothane in Hamedan hospitals, west of Iran. Journal of research in health scinces, 17 (4), 1–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benzie, I.F., and Strain, J.J., 1996. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power: the FRAP assay”. Analytical biochemistry, 239 (1), 70–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byhahn, C., Wilke, H.J., and Westpphal, K., 2001. Occupational exposure to volatile anaesthetics: epidemiology and approaches to reducing the problem. CNS drugs, 15 (3), 197–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casale, T., et al., 2014. Anesthetic gases and occupationally exposed workers. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 37 (1), 267–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cegin, M.B., et al., 2016. Serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, oxidative and antioxidative parameters in operating room personnel. Journal of Pakistan medical association, 66, 666–670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, E.N., et al., 1975. A survey of anesthetic health hazards among dentists. Journal of the American dental association (1939), 90 (6), 1291–1296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa Paes, E.R., et al., 2014. DNA damage and antioxidant status in medical residents occupationally exposed to waste anesthetic gases. Acta cirurgica brasileira, 29 (4), 280–286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eger, E.I., et al., 1997. Nephrotoxicity of sevoflurane versus desflurane anesthesia in volunteers. Anesthesia and analgesia, 84 (1), 160–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankhuizen, J., et al., 1978. Failure to replicate negative effects of trace anaesthetics on mental performance. British journal of anaesthesia, 50 (3), 229–234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghaffarian-Bahraman, A., et al., 2014. Protective effect of magnesium and selenium on cadmium toxicity in the isolated perfused rat liver system. Acta medica Iranica, 52 (12), 872–878.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• González García, M., Aragón Peña, A., and Álvarez Escudero, J., 2001. Protocolos de vigilancia sanitaria específica. Agentes Anestésicos Inhalatorios. Comisión de Salud Pública. Consejo Interterritorial del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo de España.
   Google Scholar
• Grasshoff, C., and Antkowiak, B., 2006. Effects of isoflurane and enflurane on GABAA and glycine receptors contribute equally to depressant actions on spinal ventral horn neurones in rats. British journal of anaesthesia, 97 (5), 687–694.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajaghazadeh, M., and Jafari, A., 2018. Occupational exposure to anesthetic waste gases in operating rooms: a need to revise occupational exposure limits in Iran. Journal of occupational health, 2 (2), 87–88.
   Google Scholar
• Hallonsten, A.L., 1982. Nitrous oxide scavenging in dental surgery. I. A comparison of the efficiency of different scavenging devices. Swedish dental journal, 6 (5), 203–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, T.G., 2015. Anesthesia‐related neurotoxicity and the developing animal brain is not a significant problem in children. Pediatric anesthesia, 25 (1), 65–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haufroid, V., et al., 2000. Biological monitoring of exposure to sevoflurane in operating room personnel by the measurement of hexafluoroisopropanol and fluoride in urine. Biomarkers: biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals, 5 (2), 141–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higuchi, H., et al., 1998. Effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on renal function and on possible markers of nephrotoxicity. Anesthesiology, 89 (2), 307–322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoerauf, K.H., et al., 1999. Occupational exposure to sevoflurane during sedation of adult patients. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 72 (3), 174–177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoerauf, K.H., et al., 1996. Occupational exposure to sevoflurane and nitrous oxide in operating room personnel. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 69 (2), 134–138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, M.-L., 1994. Measurement of protein thiol groups and glutathione in plasma. Methods in enzymology, 233, 380–385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irwin, M.G., Trinh, T., and Yao, C.-L., 2009. Occupational exposure to anaesthetic gases: a role for TIVA. Expert opinion on drug safety, 8 (4), 473–483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jafari, A., et al., 2018. Environmental and biological measurements of isoflurane and sevoflurane in operating room personnel. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 91 (3), 349–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KEI, S., 1978. Serum lipid peroxide in cerebrovascular disorders determined by a new colorimetric method. Clinica chimica acta, 90 (1), 37–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kharasch, E.D., et al., 2001. Long-duration low-flow sevoflurane and isoflurane effects on postoperative renal and hepatic function. Anesthesia and analgesia, 93 (6), 1511–1520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malekirad, A.A., et al., 2005. Oxidative stress in operating room personnel: occupational exposure to anesthetic gases. Human & experimental toxicology, 24 (11), 597–601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGregor, D.G., 2000. Occupational exposure to trace concentrations of waste anesthetic gases. Mayo clinic proceedings, 75 (3), 273–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molina Aragonés, J., et al., 2016. Occupational exposure to volatile anaesthetics: a systematic review. Occupational medicine, 66 (3), 202–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 1977. Criteria for a recommended standard: occupational exposure to waste anesthetic gases and vapors. Cincinnati, OH: US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC., DHEW publication No. 77-140.
   Google Scholar
• Neuberger, J., et al., 1981. Hepatic damage after exposure to halothane in medical personnel. British journal of anaesthesia, 53 (11), 1173–1177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishiyama, T., 2013. Effects of repeat exposure to inhalation anesthetics on liver and renal function. Journal of anaesthesiology, clinical pharmacology, 29 (1), 83.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ranjbar, A., et al., 2007. Anti oxidative stress potential of cinnamon (cinnamomum zeylanicum) in operating room personnel; a before/after cross sectional clinical trial. International journal of pharmacology, 3 (6), 482–486.
   Google Scholar
• Reichle, F.M., Conzen, P.F., and Peter, K., 2002. Nephrotoxicity of halogenated inhalational anaesthetics: fictions and facts. European surgical research, 34 (1–2), 188–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocha, T.L., et al., 2015. Sevoflurane induces DNA damage whereas isoflurane leads to higher antioxidative status in anesthetized rats. Biomed research international, 2015, 1. doi: 10.1155/2015/264971.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safari, S., et al., 2014. Hepatotoxicity of halogenated inhalational anesthetics. Iranian red crescent medical journal, 16 (9), 1–5. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.20153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, F.D., 2010. Management of exposure to waste anesthetic gases. AORN journal, 91 (4), 482–494.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Souza, K.M., et al., 2016. Occupational exposure to anesthetics leads to genomic instability, cytotoxicity and proliferative changes. Mutation research, 791–792, 42–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toprak, H., et al., 2012. Effects of desflurane and isoflurane on hepatic and renal functions and coagulation profile during donor hepatectomy. Transplantation proceedings, 44 (6), 1635–1639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trevisan, A., et al., 2003. Biological indices of kidney involvement in personnel exposed to sevoflurane in surgical areas. American journal of industrial medicine, 44 (5), 474–480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Türkan, H., Aydin, A., and Sayal, A., 2005. Effect of volatile anesthetics on oxidative stress due to occupational exposure. World journal of surgery, 29 (4), 540–542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wrońska-Nofer, T., et al., 2012. Oxidative DNA damage and oxidative stress in subjects occupationally exposed to nitrous oxide (N2O). Mutation research, 731 (1–2), 58–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, Y., et al., 2017. Isoflurane anesthesia induces liver injury by regulating the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 13 (4), 1608–1613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar