Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium ameliorates CCl₄-induced liver fibrosis through regulation of expression and activity of liver lysyl oxidase

References

• Abdelwahid, E., et al., 2016. Stem cell death and survival in heart regeneration and repair. Apoptosis: an international journal on programmed cell death, 21 (3), 252–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afshar, S., et al., 2018. MiR-185 enhances radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells by targeting IGF1R and IGF2. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 106, 763–769.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atashi, F., Modarressi, A., and Pepper, M.S., 2015. The role of reactive oxygen species in mesenchymal stem cell adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation: a review. Stem cells and development, 24 (10), 1150–1163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahmani, M., et al., 2020. Human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium (hMSC-CM) improves antioxidant status in carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative damage in rat. Iranian journal of science and technology, transactions A: science, 1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker, H.E., et al., 2011. LOXL2-mediated matrix remodeling in metastasis and mammary gland involution. Cancer research, 71 (5), 1561–1572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bitto, N., Liguori, E., and Mura, V., 2018. Coagulation, microenvironment and liver fibrosis. Cells, 7 (8), 85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christ, B., Brückner, S., and Winkler, S., 2015. The therapeutic promise of mesenchymal stem cells for liver restoration. Trends in molecular medicine, 21 (11), 673–686.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delgado, L.M., et al., 2015. To cross-link or not to cross-link? Cross-linking associated foreign body response of collagen-based devices. Tissue engineering. Part B, reviews, 21 (3), 298–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewidar, B., et al., 2015. TGF-β in hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrogenesis: updated. Current pathobiology reports, 3 (4), 291–305.
   Google Scholar
• Dong, S., et al., 2016. Mechanisms of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis with combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. The journal of toxicological sciences, 41 (4), 561–572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedenstein, A.J., Gorskaja, J., and Kulagina, N., 1976. Fibroblast precursors in normal and irradiated mouse hematopoietic organs. Experimental hematology, 4 (5), 267–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghasemi, M., et al., 2014. Protective effects of Ephedra pachyclada extract on mouse models of carbon tetrachloride- induced chronic and acute liver failure . Tissue & cell, 46 (1), 78–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gressner, A.M., et al., 2002. Roles of TGF-beta in hepatic fibrosis. Frontiers in bioscience: a journal and virtual library, 7 (1), d793–d807.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Han, Y., et al., 2019. Mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative medicine. Cells, 8 (8), 886.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartmann, I., et al., 2010. Umbilical cord tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells grow best under GMP-compliant culture conditions and maintain their phenotypic and functional properties. Journal of immunological methods, 363 (1), 80–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, B., et al., 2016. Mesenchymal stem cells and their secreted molecules predominantly ameliorate fulminant hepatic failure and chronic liver fibrosis in mice respectively. Journal of translational medicine, 14 (1), 45.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ikenaga, N., et al., 2017. Selective targeting of lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) suppresses hepatic fibrosis progression and accelerates its reversal. Gut, 66 (9), 1697–1708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishak, K., et al., 1995. Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis. Journal of hepatology, 22 (6), 696–699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ismail, M.H. and Pinzani, M., 2009. Reversal of liver fibrosis. Saudi journal of gastroenterology: official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association, 15 (1), 72–79.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kumar, P., et al., 2018. Periostin promotes liver fibrogenesis by activating lysyl oxidase in hepatic stellate cells. The journal of biological chemistry, 293 (33), 12781–12792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, T.-A., et al., 2019. Red quinoa bran extracts protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury and fibrosis in mice via activation of antioxidative enzyme systems and blocking TGF-β1 pathway. Nutrients, 11 (2), 395.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, S.B., et al., 2016. Lysyl oxidase activity contributes to collagen stabilization during liver fibrosis progression and limits spontaneous fibrosis reversal in mice. FASEB journal: official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 30 (4), 1599–1609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., et al., 2018. Protective effects of selenium-glutathione-enriched probiotics on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. The journal of nutritional biochemistry, 58, 138–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livak, K.J. and Schmittgen, T.D., 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods, 25 (4), 402–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López, B., et al., 2010. Role of lysyl oxidase in myocardial fibrosis: from basic science to clinical aspects. American journal of physiology. heart and circulatory physiology, 299 (1), H1–H9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lukomska, B., et al., 2019. Challenges and controversies in human mesenchymal stem cell therapy. Stem cells international, 2019, 9628536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, J., et al., 2019. Locostatin alleviates liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice. Digestive diseases and sciences, 64 (9), 2570–2580.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meier, R.P., et al., 2015. Microencapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells decrease liver fibrosis in mice. Journal of hepatology, 62 (3), 634–641.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mistry, S., Dutt, K., and Jena, J., 2013. Protective effect of Sida cordata leaf extract against CCl4 induced acute liver toxicity in rats. Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine, 6 (4), 280–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohseni, R., et al., 2019. Carvacrol ameliorates the progression of liver fibrosis through targeting of Hippo and TGF-β signaling pathways in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology, 41 (1), 163–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagaishi, K., et al., 2014. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy ameliorates diabetic hepatocyte damage in mice by inhibiting infiltration of bone marrow-derived cells. Hepatology, 59 (5), 1816–1829.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira, T., et al., 2014. MSCs conditioned media and umbilical cord blood plasma metabolomics and composition. PloS One, 9 (11), e113769.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perepelyuk, M., et al., 2013. Hepatic stellate cells and portal fibroblasts are the major cellular sources of collagens and lysyl oxidases in normal liver and early after injury. American journal of physiology. gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 304 (6), G605–G614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popov, Y., et al., 2011. Tissue transglutaminase does not affect fibrotic matrix stability or regression of liver fibrosis in mice. Gastroenterology, 140 (5), 1642–1652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramos, T.L., et al., 2016. MSC surface markers (CD44, CD73, and CD90) can identify human MSC-derived extracellular vesicles by conventional flow cytometry. Cell communication and signaling, 14 (1), 2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ramos-Tovar, E., et al., 2019. An aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana variety Morita II prevents liver damage in a rat model of cirrhosis that mimics the human disease. Annals of hepatology, 18 (3), 472–479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravan, A.P., et al., 2017. Hepatoprotective effects of Vaccinium arctostaphylos against CCl4-induced acute liver injury in rats. Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology, 28 (5), 463–471.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ravan, A.P., et al., 2019. Human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium attenuates CCl4 induced chronic liver fibrosis. Toxin reviews, 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel, R.C., et al., 1978. Biochemical and immunochemical study of lysyl oxidase in experimental hepatic fibrosis in the rat. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 75 (6), 2945–2949.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voloshenyuk, T.G., et al., 2011. Induction of cardiac fibroblast lysyl oxidase by TGF-β1 requires PI3K/Akt, Smad3, and MAPK signaling. Cytokine, 55 (1), 90–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, W., et al., 2018. Inhibition of lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) expression arrests liver fibrosis progression in cirrhosis by reducing elastin crosslinking. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease, 1864 (4), 1129–1137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar