Source, ecological function, toxicity and resistance of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) in TTX-bearing organisms: a comprehensive review

References

• Abal, P., et al., 2017. Acute oral toxicity of tetrodotoxin in mice: determination of lethal dose 50 (LD50) and no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). Toxins, 9 (3), 75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alhatali, B., et al., 2022. A cluster of tetrodotoxin poisoning in Oman. Clinical toxicology, 60 (2), 262–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amano, M., et al., 2019. Tetrodotoxin functions as a stress relieving substance in juvenile tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes. Toxicon, 171, 54–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arakawa, O., 2002. Puffer culture using puffer toxin-immunopotentiation and disease prevention. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 68 (6), 918–919.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bane, V., et al., 2016. High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and its analogues in puffer fish and shellfish. Food additives & contaminants part A, 33 (9), 1468–1489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bane, V., et al., 2014. Tetrodotoxin: chemistry, toxicity, source, distribution and detection. Toxins, 6 (2), 693–755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biessy, L., et al., 2019. Spatial variability and depuration of tetrodotoxin in the bivalve Paphies australis from New Zealand. Toxicon, 2, 100008.
   Google Scholar
• Campos-Ríos, A., et al., 2021. Tetrodotoxin: a new strategy to treat visceral pain? Toxins, 13 (7), 496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catterall, W.A., 1993. Structure and function of voltage-gated ion channels. Trends in neurosciences, 16 (12), 500–506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, R., and Chung, S.H., 2014. Mechanism of tetrodotoxin block and resistance in sodium channels. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 446 (1), 370–374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheun, B., et al., 1996. Development of an ultra high sensitive tissue biosensor for determination of swellfish poisoning, tetrodotoxin. Biosensors & bioelectronics, 11 (12), 1185–1191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox, J.J., et al., 2006. An SCN9A channelopathy causes congenital inability to experience pain. Nature, 444 (7121), 894–898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croci, L., et al., 2006. Characterization of microalgae and associated bacteria collected from shellfish harvesting areas. Harmful algae, 5 (3), 266–274.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, T.H., Chen, C., and Isom, L.L., 2004. Sodium channel beta1 subunits promote neurite outgrowth in cerebellar granule neurons. The journal of biological chemistry, 279 (49), 51424–51432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denac, H., Mevissen, M., and Scholtysik, G., 2000. Structure, function and pharmacology of voltage-gated sodium channels. Naunyn-schmiedeberg’s archives of pharmacology, 362 (6), 453–479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, M., et al., 2007. Determination of tetrodotoxin and its analogs in the puffer fish Takifugu oblongus from Bangladesh by hydrophilic interaction chromatography and mass-spectrometric detection. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 389 (6), 1997–2002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Dayem, S.M., et al., 2013. The antitumor effects of tetrodotoxin and/or doxorubicin on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing female mice. Toxicology and industrial health, 29 (5), 404–417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman, C.R., et al., 2012. Constraint shapes convergence in tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels of snakes. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 109 (12), 4556–4561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman, C.R., et al., 2010. Genetic architecture of a feeding adaptation: garter snake (Thamnophis) resistance to tetrodotoxin bearing prey. Proceedings biological sciences, 277 (1698), 3317–3325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, F.X., et al., 2021. Transcriptome profiling revealed the growth superiority of hybrid pufferfish derived from Takifugu obscurus ♀ × Takifugu rubripes ♂. Comparative biochemistry and physiology part D, 40, 100912.
   Google Scholar
• Geffeney, S., et al., 2002. Mechanisms of adaptation in a predator-prey arms race: TTX-resistant sodium channels. Science, 297 (5585), 1336–1339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geffeney, S.L., et al., 2005. Evolutionary diversification of TTX-resistant sodium channels in a predator-prey interaction. Nature, 434 (7034), 759–763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geffeney, S.L., et al., 2019. Convergent and parallel evolution in a voltage-gated sodium channel underlies TTX-resistance in the greater blue-ringed octopus: Hapalochlaena lunulata. Toxicon, 170, 77–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg, Y.P., et al., 2007. Loss-of-function mutations in the Nav1.7 gene underlie congenital indifference to pain in multiple human populations. Clinical genetics, 71 (4), 311–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldin, A.L., 2002. Evolution of voltage-gated Na(+) channels. The journal of experimental biology, 205 (Pt 5), 575–584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González-Cano, R., et al., 2021. Tetrodotoxin, a potential drug for neuropathic and cancer pain relief? Toxins, 13 (7), 483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guardone, L., et al., 2020. A global retrospective study on human cases of tetrodotoxin (TTX) poisoning after seafood consumption. Food reviews international, 36 (7), 645–667.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanifin, C.T., and Gilly, W.F., 2015. Evolutionary history of a complex adaptation: tetrodotoxin resistance in salamanders. Evolution international journal of organic evolution, 69 (1), 232–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashiguchi, Y., et al., 2015. Characterization and evolutionary analysis of tributyltin-binding protein and pufferfish saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin-binding protein genes in toxic and nontoxic pufferfishes. Journal of evolutionary biology, 28 (5), 1103–1118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hegyi, B., et al., 2012. Tetrodotoxin blocks L-type Ca2+ channels in canine ventricular cardiomyocytes. Pflugers Archiv, 464 (2), 167–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho, B., Yeo, D.S., and Ding, J.L., 1994. A tetrodotoxin neutralizing system in the haemolymph of the horseshoe crab, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. Toxicon, 32 (7), 755–762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, B., et al., 2019. Combination formulation of tetrodotoxin and lidocaine as a potential therapy for severe arrhythmias. Marine drugs, 17 (12), 685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• How, C.K., et al., 2003. Tetrodotoxin poisoning. The American journal of emergency medicine, 21 (1), 51–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, H.F., et al., 2021. Progress in the pharmaceutical application of Tetrodotoxin. Hebei fishery, 12, 30–32.
   Google Scholar
• Hwang, D.F., et al., 1989. Tetrodotoxin-producing bacteria from the blue-ringed octopus Octopus maculosus. Marine biology, 100 (3), 327–332.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang, D.F., and Noguchi, T., 2007. Tetrodotoxin poisoning. Advances in food and nutrition research, 52, 141–236.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Islam, Q.T., et al., 2011. Puffer fish poisoning in Bangladesh: clinical and toxicological results from large outbreaks in 2008. Transactions of the royal society of tropical medicine and hygiene, 105 (2), 74–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itoi, S., et al., 2014. Larval pufferfish protected by maternal tetrodotoxin. Toxicon, 78, 35–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itoi, S., et al., 2012. Difference in the localization of tetrodotoxin between the female and male pufferfish Takifugu niphobles, during spawning. Toxicon, 60 (6), 1000–1004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jost, M.C., et al., 2008. Toxin-resistant sodium channels: parallel adaptive evolution across a complete gene family. Molecular biology and evolution, 25 (6), 1016–1024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joseph, T.C., et al., 2021. Pufferfish poisoning from Arothron stellatus: The first confirmed case in India with exact DNA sequencing-based species identification. Toxicon, 200, 180–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katikou, P., et al., 2022. An updated review of tetrodotoxin and its peculiarities. Marine drugs, 20 (1), 47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kodama, M., Ogata, T., and Sato, S., 1985. External secretion of tetrodotoxin from puffer fishes stimulated by electric shock. Marine biology, 87 (2), 199–202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koyama, K., et al., 1983. Resistibility of toxic and nontoxic crabs against paralytic shellfish poison and tetrodotoxin. Nippon suisan gakkaishi, 49 (3), 485–489.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, C.H., and Ruben, P.C., 2008. Interaction between voltage-gated sodium channels and the neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin. Channels, 2 (6), 407–412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llewellyn, L.E., 1997. Haemolymph protein in xanthid crabs: its selective binding of saxitoxin and possible role in toxin bioaccumulation. Marine biology, 128 (4), 599–606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llewellyn, L.E., Bell, P.M., and Moczydlowski, E.G., 1997. Phylogenetic survey of soluble saxitoxin-binding activity in pursuit of the function and molecular evolution of saxiphilin, a of transferrin. Proceedings biological sciences, 264 (1383), 891–902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorentz, M.N., et al., 2016. Tetrodotoxin. Current biology, 26 (19), R870–R872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magarlamov, T.Y., Melnikova, D.I., and Chernyshev, A.V., 2017. Tetrodotoxin-producing bacteria: detection, distribution and migration of the toxin in aquatic systems. Toxins, 9 (5), 166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmud, Y., et al., 2003. Intracellular visualization of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the skin of a puffer Tetraodon nigroviridis by immunoenzymatic technique. Toxicon, 41 (5), 605–611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmud, Y., et al., 2003. Intra-tissue distribution of tetrodotoxin in two marine puffers Takifugu vermicularis and Chelonodon patoca. Toxicon, 41 (1), 13–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mailho-Fontana, P.L., et al., 2019. Variations in tetrodotoxin levels in populations of Taricha granulosa are expressed in the morphology of their cutaneous glands. Scientific reports, 9 (1), 18490.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mandel, G., 1992. Tissue-specific expression of the voltage-sensitive sodium channel. The journal of membrane biology, 125 (3), 193–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsui, T., et al., 1982. Comparison of toxicity of the cultured and wild puffer fish Fugu niphobles. Nippon suisan gakkaishi, 48 (2), 253–253.
   Google Scholar
• Matsui, T., et al., 2000. Purification and some properties of a tetrodotoxin binding protein from the blood plasma of Kusafugu, Takifugu niphobles. Toxicon, 38 (3), 463–468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumura, K., 1995a. Reexamination of tetrodotoxin production by bacteria. Applied and environmental microbiology, 61 (9), 3468–3470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumura, K., 1995b. Tetrodotoxin as a pheromone. Nature, 378 (6557), 563–564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumura, K., 1998. Production of tetrodotoxin in puffer fish embryos. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 6 (4), 217–219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGlothlin, J.W., et al., 2014. Parallel evolution of tetrodotoxin resistance in three voltage-gated sodium channel genes in the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 31 (11), 2836–2846.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mebs, D., and Yotsu-Yamashita, M., 2021. Acquiring toxicity of a newt, Cynops orientalis. Toxicon, 198, 32–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, S., Lunzer, M., and Dean, A.M., 2006. Direct demonstration of an adaptive constraint. Science, 314 (5798), 458–461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyazawa, K., and Noguchi, T., 2001. Distribution and origin of tetrodotoxin. Journal of toxicology, 20 (1), 11–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosher, H.S., et al., 1964. Tarichatoxin–tetrodotoxin: a potent neurotoxin. Science, 144 (3622), 1100–1110.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nagasawa, S., 1985. The digestive efficiency of the chaetognath Sagittacrassa Tokioka, with observations on the feeding process. Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology, 87 (3), 271–282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagashima, Y., and Arakawa, O., 2016. Marine and freshwater. Toxins, 2016, 259–284.
   Google Scholar
• Nagashima, Y., et al., 2002. A tetrodotoxin-binding protein in the hemolymph of shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus: purification and properties. Toxicon, 40 (6), 753–760.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakatani, T., Shimizu, M., and Yamano, T., 2016. Shokuhin eiseigaku zasshi. Journal of the food hygienic society of Japan, 57 (2), 51–56.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Narahashi, T., 2008. Tetrodotoxin: a brief history. Proceedings of the Japan academy series B, 84 (5), 147–154.
   Google Scholar
• Nieto, F.R., et al., 2012. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a therapeutic agent for pain. Marine drugs, 10 (2), 281–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noguchi, T., and Arakawa, O., 2008. Tetrodotoxin – distribution and accumulation in aquatic organisms, and cases of human intoxication. Marine drugs, 6 (2), 220–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noguchi, T., and Ebesu, J.S., 2001. Puffer poisoning: epidemiology and treatment. Journal of toxicology, 20 (1), 1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noguchi, T., Onuki, K., and Arakawa, O., 2011. Tetrodotoxin poisoning due to pufferfish and gastropods, and their intoxication mechanism. ISRN toxicology, 2011, 276939–277010.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Noguchi, Y., et al., 2022. An almost nontoxic tetrodotoxin analog, 5,6,11-trideoxytetrodotoxin, as an odorant for the grass puffer. Scientific reports, 12 (1), 15087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogura, Y., and Mori, Y., 1968. Mechanism of local anesthetic action of culture bioassay in combination with a water-soluble tetrazo-crystalline tetrodotoxin and its derivatives. European journal of pharmacology, 3 (1), 58–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okita, K., et al., 2013. Puffer smells tetrodotoxin. Ichthyological research, 60 (4), 386–389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Leary, M.A., Schneider, J.J., and Isbister, G.K., 2004. Use of high performance liquid chromatography to measure tetrodotoxin in serum and urine of poisoned patients. Toxicon, 44 (5), 549–553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasino, E., et al., 1997. Use of dexamethasone with TTX block of nerve conduction shows that muscle membrane properties are fully controlled by evoked activity. Brain research, 770 (1-2), 242–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pires, O.R., et al., 2005. Further report of the occurrence of tetrodotoxin and new analogues in the Anuran family Brachycephalidae. Toxicon, 45 (1), 73–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reverté, L., et al., 2018. Development and validation of a maleimide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of tetrodotoxin in oysters and mussels. Talanta, 176, 659–666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhana, P., et al., 2017. Is there a role for voltage-gated Na+ channels in the aggressiveness of breast cancer? Brazilian journal of medical and biological research, 50 (7), e6011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritson-Williams, R., Yotsu-Yamashita, M., and Paul, V.J., 2006. Ecological functions of tetrodotoxin in a deadly polyclad flatworm. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of America, 103 (9), 3176–3179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanford, L.D., et al., 2005. Tetrodotoxin inactivation of pontine regions: influence on sleep–wake states. Brain Research, 1044 (1), 42–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saitō, T., et al., 1984. Toxicity of the cultured pufferfish Fugu rubripes along with their resistibility against tetrodotoxin. Nippon suisan gakkaishi, 50, 1573–1575.
   Google Scholar
• Saitō, T., et al., 1997. Tetrodotoxin attracts pufferfish (‘torafugu’, Takifugu rubripes). Toxicon, 35, 489.
   Google Scholar
• Shi, J., et al., 2009. Tetrodotoxin reduces cue-induced drug craving and anxiety in abstinent heroin addicts. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 92 (4), 603–607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiomi, K., et al., 1992. Occurrence of tetrodotoxin-binding high molecular weight substances in the body fluid of shore crab (Hemigrapsus sanguineus). Toxicon, 30 (12), 1529–1537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soong, T.W., and Venkatesh, B., 2006. Adaptive evolution of tetrodotoxin resistance in animals. Trends in genetics, 22 (11), 621–626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki, T., et al., 2022. Green spotted puffers detect a nontoxic TTX analog odor using crypt olfactory sensory neurons. Chemical senses, 47, bjac011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaelli, P.M., et al., 2020. The skin microbiome facilitates adaptive tetrodotoxin production in poisonous newts. Elife, 9, e53898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatesh, B., et al., 2005. Genetic basis of tetrodotoxin resistance in pufferfishes. Current Biology, 15 (22), 2069–2072.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinreich, D.M., et al., 2006. Darwinian evolution can follow only very few mutational paths to fitter proteins. Science, 312 (5770), 111–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitelaw, B.L., et al., 2019. The evolution and origin of tetrodotoxin acquisition in the blue-ringed octopus (genus Hapalochlaena). Aquatic toxicology, 206, 114–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Z., et al., 2005. Toxicity and distribution of tetrodotoxin-producing bacteria in puffer fish Fugu rubripes collected from the Bohai sea of China. Toxicon, 46 (4), 471–476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamori, K., et al., 1992. Tolerance of shore crabs to tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin and antagonistic effect of their body fluid against the toxins. Nippon suisan gakkaishi, 58 (6), 1157–1162.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, G., and Bao, B., 2008. Progress in the study of the relationship between river herrings and river herring toxins. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 17 (06), 734–739.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, G., et al., 2010. A novel TTX-producing Aeromonas isolated from the ovary of Takifugu obscurus. Toxicon: Official Journal of the International society on toxinology, 56 (3), 324–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeo, D.S., Ding, J.L., and Ho, B., 1996. Neuroblastoma cell culture assay shows that Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda haemolymph neutralizes tetrodotoxin. Toxicon, 34 (9), 1054–1057.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yotsu-Yamashita, M., Mebs, D., and Flachsenberger, W., 2007. Distribution of tetrodotoxin in the body of the blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena maculosa). Toxicon, 49 (3), 410–412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yotsu-Yamashita, M., et al., 2018. Pufferfish saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin binding protein (PSTBP) analogues in the blood plasma of the pufferfish Arothron nigropunctatus, A. hispidus, A. manilensis, and Chelonodon patoca. Marine drugs, 16 (7), 224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yotsu-Yamashita, M., et al., 2000. Binding properties of (3)H-PbTx-3 and (3)H-saxitoxin to brain membranes and to skeletal muscle membranes of puffer fish Fugu pardalis and the primary structure of a voltage-gated Na(+) channel alpha-subunit (fMNa1) from skeletal muscle of F. pardalis. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 267 (1), 403–412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yotsu-Yamashita, M., et al., 2013. Localization of pufferfish saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin binding protein (PSTBP) in the tissues of the pufferfish, Takifugu pardalis, analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. Toxicon, 72, 23–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yotsu-Yamashita, M., et al., 2002. Mutual binding inhibition of tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin to their binding protein from the plasma of the puffer fish, Fugu pardalis. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 66 (11), 2520–2524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yotsu-Yamashita, M., Toennes, S.W., and Mebs, D., 2017. Tetrodotoxin in Asian newts (Salamandridae). Toxicon, 134, 14–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yotsu-Yamashita, M., et al., 2001. Purification, characterization, and cDNA cloning of a novel soluble saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin binding protein from plasma of the puffer fish, Fugu pardalis. European journal of biochemistry, 268 (22), 5937–5946.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yotsu-Yamashita, M., et al., 2010. Distribution of homologous proteins to puffer fish saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin binding protein in the plasma of puffer fish and among the tissues of Fugu pardalis examined by Western blot analysis. Toxicon, 55 (6), 1119–1124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, C., et al., 2004. Two novel species of tetrodotoxin-producing bacteria isolated from toxic marine puffer fishes. Toxicon, 44 (6), 641–647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yue, Y.J., and Zhang, F.L., 2013. Two cases of tetrodon poisoning were diagnosed by liquid mass combination technology. Food safety and quality testing report, 3, 673–676.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., et al., 2021. Engineering of highly potent and selective HNTX-III mutant against Nav1.7 sodium channel for treatment of pain. The journal of biological chemistry, 296, 100326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beccaria, M., and Cabooter, D., 2020. Current developments in LC-MS for pharmaceutical analysis. The analyst, 145 (4), 1129–1157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zou, S., 2020. Comparative transcriptome analysis of toxic and non-toxic nassarius communities and identification of genes involved in TTX-adaptation. Toxins, 12 (12), 761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar