203
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Analysis of university students’ perceived freedom in leisure during covid-19 lockdowns

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 585-604 | Received 06 Nov 2022, Accepted 07 May 2023, Published online: 14 May 2023

References

  • Agyar, E. (2013). Life satisfaction, perceived freedom in leisure and self-esteem: The case of physical education and sport students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 2186–2193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.185
  • Bánhidi, M., & Lacza, G. (2020). Lifestyle changes during COVID-19 period in Hungary – feedback of university students. World Leisure Journal, 62(4), 325–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2020.1825251
  • Bramante, A. C. (2020). Leisure and COVID-19 in Brazil: Brief impressions. World Leisure Journal, 62(4), 300–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2020.1825263
  • Carr, N. (2017). Re-thinking the relation between leisure and freedom. Annals of Leisure Research, 20(2), 137–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2016.1206723
  • Choi, B., Jegatheeswaran, L., Minocha, A., Alhilani, M., Nakhoul, M., & Mutengesa, E. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on final year medical students in the United Kingdom: A national survey. BMC Medical Education, 20(1), 206. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02117-1
  • Compton, S., Sarraf-Yazdi, S., Rustandy, F., & Radha Krishna, L. K. (2020). Medical students’ preference for returning to the clinical setting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical Education, 54(10), 943–950. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.14268
  • Dattilo, J., & Lopez Frias, F. J. (2021). A critical examination of leisure in modernity: Rejecting instrumentalism and embracing flourishing. Journal of Leisure Research, 52(5), 581–598. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2020.1789013
  • de la Barre, S., Stone, G., McKeown, J., & Schroeder, J. (2020). Thinking about leisure during a global pandemic. World Leisure Journal, 62(4), 306–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2020.1825264
  • Department of Economic and Social Affairs Social Inclusion, U. N. (2020). Everyone included: Social impact of COVID-19. United Nations. Retrieved January 7th, 2023 from https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/everyone-included-covid-19.html
  • Dumazedier, J. (1974). Sociology of leisure. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company. https://books.google.com/books?id=6oZqAAAAMAAJ
  • Dursun, M., Yarayan, Y. E., Ari, Ç, Ulun, C., & Adaş, S. K. (2021). COVID-19 in Turkey: Leisure Boredom, psychological resilience, physical activity and emotional state. IJERI: International Journal of Educational Research and Innovation, 15(15), 460–486. https://doi.org/10.46661/ijeri.5588
  • Edginton, C. R., & Chen, P. (2008). Leisure as transformation. Sagamore Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?id=xHVYAAAAYAAJ
  • Ellis, G. D., Jiang, J., Freeman, P. A., Lacanienta, A., & Jamal, T. (2020). Leisure as immediate conscious experience: Foundations, evaluation, and extension of the theory of structured experiences. Journal of Leisure Research, 51(5), 581–600. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2020.1754735
  • Ellis, G. D., & Witt, P. A. (1984). The measurement of perceived freedom in leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 16(2), 110–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1984.11969579
  • Ellis, G. D., & Witt, P. A. (1994). Perceived freedom in leisure and satisfaction: Exploring the factor structure of the perceived freedom components of the leisure diagnostic battery. Leisure Sciences, 16(4), 259–270. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490409409513236
  • Ferrel, M. N., & Ryan, J. J. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on medical education. Cureus, 12(3), 7492–7496. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7492
  • Gewalt, S. C., Berger, S., Krisam, R., & Breuer, M. (2022). “Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students’ physical health, mental health and learning, a cross-sectional study including 917 students from eight universities in Germany”. PLOS one, 17(8), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273928
  • Green, K. (2014). Mission impossible? Reflecting upon the relationship between physical education, youth sport and lifelong participation. Sport, Education and Society, 19(4), 357–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2012.683781
  • Harmandar Demirel, D., Demirel, M., & Serdar, E. (2017). University students’ opinions of the meaning of leisure and their perceived freedom in leisure. Journal of Human Sciences, 14(1), 796–802. https://www.j-humansciences.com/ojs/index.php/IJHS/article/view/4341 https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v14i1.4341
  • Harper, W. (1986). Freedom in the experience of leisure. Leisure Sciences, 8(2), 115–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490408609513064
  • Havitz, M., Pritchard, M. P., & Dimanche, F. (2021). Leisure matters: Cross continent conversations in a time of crisis. Leisure Sciences, 43(1-2), 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1774451
  • Hemingway, J. L. (1996). Emancipating leisure: The recovery of freedom in leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 28(1), 27–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1996.11949759
  • Karatas, K., & Zeybek, G. (2020). The role of the academic field in the relationship between self-directed learning and 21st century skills. Bulletin of Education Research, 42(2), 33–52.
  • Khamees, D., Brown, C. A., Arribas, M., Murphey, A. C., Haas, M. R. C., & House, J. B. (2020). In crisis: Medical students in the COVID-19 pandemic. AEM Education and Training, 4(3), 284–290. https://doi.org/10.1002/aet2.10450
  • Kim, Y.-J., & Kang, S.-W. (2021). Perceived crowding and risk perception according to leisure activity type during COVID-19 using spatial proximity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 457–469. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020457
  • Kivunja, C., & Kuyini, A. B. (2017). Understanding and applying research paradigms in educational contexts. International Journal of Higher Education, 6(5), 26–41. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v6n5p26
  • Krishnan, A. (2009). What are academic disciplines? Some observations on the disciplinarity vs. interdisciplinarity debate 09). http://eprints.ncrm.ac.uk/783/1/what_are_academic_disciplines.pdf
  • Lang, A. (2012). The power of why: Simple questions that lead to success. HarperCollins Canada. https://books.google.nl/books?id=rUADs-rPGdgC
  • Lapa, T. Y. (2013). Life satisfaction, leisure satisfaction and perceived freedom of park recreation participants. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 1985–1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.153
  • Lasheras, I., Gracia-García, P., Lipnicki, D. M., Bueno-Notivol, J., López-Antón, R., de la Cámara, C., Lobo, A., & Santabárbara, J. (2020). Prevalence of anxiety in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid systematic review with meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6603. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/18/6603 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186603
  • Liu, H.-L., Lavender-Stott, E. S., Carotta, C. L., & Garcia, A. S. (2022). Leisure experience and participation and its contribution to stress-related growth amid COVID-19 pandemic. Leisure Studies, 41(1), 70–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2021.1942526
  • Mannell, R. C., & Bradley, W. (1986). Does greater freedom always lead to greater leisure? Testing a person x environment model of freedom and leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 18(4), 215–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1986.11969661
  • Marques, L., & Giolo, G. (2020). Cultural leisure in the time of COVID-19: Impressions from The Netherlands. World Leisure Journal, 62(4), 344–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2020.1825256
  • Neulinger, J. (1974). The psychology of leisure: Research approaches to the study of leisure. Thomas. https://books.google.com/books?id=l5OBAAAAMAAJ
  • Öztürk, ÖT, Soytürk, M., & Serin, S. (2019). University students’ perceptions of freedom in leisure. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 7(3), 803–810. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2019.070321
  • Papapanou, M., Routsi, E., Tsamakis, K., Fotis, L., Marinos, G., Lidoriki, I., Karamanou, M., Papaioannou, T. G., Tsiptsios, D., Smyrnis, N., Rizos, E., & Schizas, D. (2022). Medical education challenges and innovations during COVID-19 pandemic. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 98(1159), 321–327. https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-140032 Postgraduate Medical Journal.
  • Parker, S. (1983). Leisure and work. Allen and Unwin.
  • Plakhotnik, M. S., Volkova, N. V., Jiang, C., Yahiaoui, D., Pheiffer, G., McKay, K., Newman, S., & Reißig-Thust, S. (2021). The perceived impact of COVID-19 on student well-being and the mediating role of the university support: Evidence from France, Germany, Russia, and the UK. Frontiers in Psychology, 2663. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.642689
  • Poulsen, A. A., Ziviani, J. M., & Cuskelly, M. (2007). Perceived freedom in leisure and physical co-ordination ability: Impact on out-of-school activity participation and life satisfaction. Child: Care, Health and Development, 33(4), 432–440. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2007.00730.x
  • Rojek, C. (1995). Decentring leisure: Rethinking leisure theory. SAGE Publications. https://books.google.com/books?id=FgKMTUP6L4sC
  • Saunders, M. N. K., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research methods for business students (8th ed.). Pearson. https://books.google.com/books?id=yYaDzwEACAAJ
  • Shir-Wise, M. (2022). melting timeand confined leisure under COVID-19 lockdown. World Leisure Journal, 64(3), 221–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2021.1944296
  • Sivan, A. (2020a). Leisure in times of COVID-19: Reflection on Hong Kong and Israel. World Leisure Journal, 62(4), 322–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2020.1825268
  • Sivan, A. (2020b). Reflection on leisure during COVID-19. World Leisure Journal, 62(4), 296–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2020.1825260
  • Tavares, L. M., & Marinho, A. (2021). Leisure and COVID-19: Reflections on Brazilian older adults who frequent urban public parks. World Leisure Journal, 63(3), 229–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2021.1957010
  • Temel, A. S., & Tükel, Y. (2022). Investigation of college students’ perception of boredom and loneliness level in leisure time activities during COVID-19. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 16(02), 474–481. https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22162474
  • Tükel, Y., & Temel, A. S. (2020). Examining the levels of freedom, life satisfaction and happiness perceived by college students in leisure time. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 6(4), 668–678. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijres.v6i4.1451
  • Veal, A. J. (2020). Is there enough leisure time? Leisure studies, work-life balance, the realm of necessity and the realm of freedom. World Leisure Journal, 62(2), 89–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2019.1667423
  • Wearing, B., & Wearing, S. (1988). ‘‘All in a day’s leisure’: Gender and the concept of leisure’. Leisure Studies, 7(2), 111–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614368800390111
  • Witt, P. A., & Ellis, G. D. (1985). Development of a short form to assess perceived freedom in leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 17(3), 225–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1985.11969632
  • Wolniak, G. C., & Burman, S. C. (2022). COVID-19 Disruptions: Evaluating the early impacts of campus closure on academic self-efficacy and motivation. Journal of College Student Development, 63(4), 455–460. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2022.0038
  • Wu, H. C., Liu, A., & Wang, C. H. (2010). Taiwanese university students’ perceived freedom and participation in leisure. Annals of Leisure Research, 13(4), 679–700. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2010.9686870
  • Yuen, F. (2021). ““If we’re lost, we Are lost together”: leisure and relationality. Leisure Sciences, 43(1-2), 90–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1773988
  • Zhu, S., Zhuang, Y., Lee, P., Li, J. C., & Wong, P. W. C. (2021). Leisure and problem gaming behaviors Among children and adolescents during school closures caused by COVID-19 in Hong Kong: Quantitative cross-sectional survey study. JMIR Serious Games, 9(2), e26808. https://doi.org/10.2196/26808
  • Zis, P., Artemiadis, A., Bargiotas, P., Nteveros, A., & Hadjigeorgiou, G. M. (2021). Medical studies during the COVID-19 pandemic: The impact of digital learning on medical students’ burnout and mental health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 349. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/1/349 doi:10.3390/ijerph18010349

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.