Nanocarriers in topical photodynamic therapy

References

• Calixto GM, Bernegossi J, de Freitas LM, et al. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for photodynamic therapy of cancer: a review. Molecules. 2016 Mar 11;21(3):342. doi: 10.3390/molecules21030342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• dos Santos AF, de Almeida DRQ, Terra LF, et al. Photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment - an update review. J Cancer Metast Treat. 2019;5:25. doi: 10.20517/2394-4722.2018.83
   Google Scholar
• Dragicevic-Curic N, Fahr A. Liposomes in topical photodynamic therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2012;9(8):1015–1032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Lovell JF, Yoon J, et al. Clinical development and potential of photothermal and photodynamic therapies for cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2020;17(11):657–674. doi: 10.1038/s41571-020-0410-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touma DJ, Szeimies RM. Topical photodynamic therapy. In: Gilchrest BA Krutmann J, editors. Skin aging. Berlin (Heidelberg): Springer; 2006. doi: 10.1007/3-540-32953-6_14
   Google Scholar
• Garapati C, Boddu SH, Shery J, et al. Photodynamic therapy: a special emphasis on nanocarrier-mediated delivery of photosensitizers in antimicrobial therapy. Arabian J Chem. 2023;16 : 4(4):104583. doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104583
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton CA, Szeimies RM, Basset-Seguin N, et al. European Dermatology Forum guidelines on topical photodynamic therapy 2019 Part 1: treatment delivery and established indications - actinic keratoses, Bowen’s disease and basal cell carcinomas. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019;33(12):2225–2238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton CA, Szeimies RM, Basset-Séguin N, et al. European Dermatology Forum guidelines on topical photodynamic therapy 2019 part 2: emerging indications - field cancerization, photorejuvenation and inflammatory/infective dermatoses. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34(1):17–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Zhang C, Zhang Y, et al. An efficient delivery of photosensitizers and hypoxic prodrugs for a tumor combination therapy by membrane camouflage nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B. 2020;8(14):2876–2886. doi: 10.1039/d0tb00235f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu T, Wang Z, Shen W, et al. Recent advances in innovative strategies for enhanced cancer photodynamic therapy. Theranostics. 2021;11(7):3278–3300. doi: 10.7150/thno.54227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton CA, MacKie RM, Whitehurst C, et al. Photodynamic therapy for basal cell carcinoma: effect of tumor thickness and duration of photosensitizer application on response. Arch Dermatol. 1998;134(2):248–249. doi: 10.1001/archderm.134.2.248
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jerjes W, Hamdoon Z, Hopper C. Photodynamic therapy in the management of basal cell carcinoma: retrospective evaluation of outcome. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2017;19:22–27. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.04.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kübler AC, Haase T, Staff C. Photodynamic therapy of primary non-melanomatous skin tumours of the head and neck. Laser Surg Med. 1999;25(1):60–68. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9101(1999)25:1<60:AID-LSM8>3.0.CO;2-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton CA, McKenna KE, Rhodes LE, et al. Guidelines for topical photodynamic therapy: update. Br J Dermatol. 2008;159(6):1245–1266. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08882.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barreto Requena M, Denise Stringasci M, Dirceu Vollet-Filho J, et al. Strategies to improve drug delivery in topical PDT. Photodynamic therapy - from basic science to clinical research. IntechOpen. 2021;5. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.94374
   Google Scholar
• Qidwai A, Annu N, Kotta S, et al. Role of nanocarriers in photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2020;30:101782. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101782
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sztandera K, Gorzkiewicz M, Klajnert-Maculewicz B. Nanocarriers in photodynamic therapy-in vitro and in vivo studies. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2020;12(3):e1509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mfouo-Tynga IS, Dias LD, Inada NM, et al. Features of third generation photosensitizers used in anticancer photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2021;34:102091. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102091
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierre MB, Tedesco AC, Marchetti JM, et al. Stratum corneum lipids liposomes for the topical delivery of 5-aminolevulinic acid in photodynamic therapy of skin cancer: preparation and in vitro permeation study. BMC Dermatol. 2001;1(1):5. doi: 10.1186/1471-5945-1-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Han I, Jun MS, Kim SK, et al. Expression pattern and intensity of protopor-phyrin IX induced by liposomal 5-aminolevulinic acid in rat pilosebaceous unit throughout hair cycle. Arch Dermatol Res. 2005;297(5):210–217. doi: 10.1007/s00403-005-0613-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang YP, Tsai YH, Wu PC, et al. Comparison of 5-aminolevulinic acid-encapsulated liposome versus ethosome for skin delivery for photodynamic therapy. Int J Pharm. 2008;356(1–2):144–152. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.01.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang YP, Huang YB, Wu PC, et al. Topical delivery of 5-aminolevulinic acid-encapsulated ethosomes in a hyperproliferative skin animal model using the CLSM technique to evaluate the penetration behavior. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2009;73(3):391–398. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2009.07.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh EK, Jin SE, Kim JK, et al. Retained topical delivery of 5-aminolevulinic acid using cationic ultradeformable liposomes for photodynamic therapy. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2011;44(1–2):149–157. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.07.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Venosa G, Hermida L, Fukuda H, et al. Comparation of liposomal formulations of ALA undecanoyl ester for its use in photodynamic therapy. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2009;96(2):152–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.06.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Leeuw J, van der Beek N, Bjerring P, et al. Photodynamic therapy of acne vulgaris using 5-aminolevulinic acid 0.5% liposomal spray and intense pulsed light in combination with topical ker-atolytic agents. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010;24(4):460–469. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03447.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin MW, Huang YB, Chen CL, et al. A formulation study of 5-aminolevulinic encapsulated in DPPC liposomes in melanoma treatment. Int J Med Sci. 2016;13(7):483–489. doi: 10.7150/ijms.15411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopes SC, Silva RA, Novais MV, et al. Topical photodynamic therapy with chloroaluminum phthalocyanine liposomes is as effective as systemic pentavalent antimony in the treatment of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2019;28:210–215. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.08.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernández IP, Montanari J, Valdivieso W, et al. In vitro phototoxicity of ultradeformable liposomes containing chloroaluminum phthalocyanine against new world leishmania species. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2012;117:157–163. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.09.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escobar P, Vera AM, Neira LF, et al. Photodynamic therapy using ultradeformable liposomes loaded with chlorine aluminum phthalocyanine against L. (V.) braziliensis experimental models. Exp Parasitol. 2018;194:45–52. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.09.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbugli PA, Alves CP, Espreafico EM, et al. Photodynamic therapy utilizing liposomal ClAlPc in human melanoma 3D cell cultures. Exp Dermatol. 2015 Dec;24(12):970–2. Epub 2015 Aug 21. PMID: 26194528. doi: 10.1111/exd.12815
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutoris K, Rakusan J, Karaskova M, et al. Novel topical photodynamic therapy of prostate carcinoma using hydroxy-aluminum phthalocyanine entrapped in liposomes. Anticancer Res. 2013;33(4):1563–1568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutoris K, Vetvicka D, Horak L, et al. Evaluation of topical photodynamic therapy of mammary carcinoma with an experimental gel containing liposomal hydroxyl-aluminium phthalocyanine. Anticancer Res. 2012;32(9):3769–3774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Lima RG, Tedesco AC, da Silva RS, et al. Ultradeformable liposome loaded with zinc phthalocyanine and [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO]3+ for photodynamic therapy by topical application. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2017;19:184–193. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.05.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassab K, El Fadeel DA, Fadel M. Topical photodynamic therapy using transfersomal aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate: in vitro and in vivo study. Lasers Med Sci. 2013;28(5):1353–1361. doi: 10.1007/s10103-012-1256-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali MFM. Topical delivery and photodynamic evaluation of a multivesicular liposomal Rose Bengal. Lasers Med Sci. 2011;26(2):267–275. doi: 10.1007/s10103-010-0859-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samy N, Fadel M. Topical liposomal rose bengal for photodynamic white hair removal: randomized, controlled, double-blind study. J Drugs Dermatol. 2014;13(4):436–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demartis S, Rassu G, Murgia S, et al. Improving dermal delivery of Rose Bengal by deformable lipid nanovesicles for topical treatment of melanoma. Mol Pharm. 2021;18(11):4046–4057. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fadel M, Salah M, Samy N, et al. Liposomal methylene blue hydrogel for selective photodynamic therapy of acne vulgaris. J Drugs Dermatol. 2009;8(11):983–990.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fadel M, Kassab K, Samy N, et al. Nanovesicular photodynamic clinical treatment of resistant plantar warts. Curr Drug Deliv. 2020;17(5):396–405. doi: 10.2174/1567201817666200324142221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee EH, Lim SJ, Lee MK. Chitosan-coated liposomes to stabilize and enhance transdermal delivery of indocyanine green for photodynamic therapy of melanoma. Carbohydr Polym. 2019;224:115143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson A, Svensson J, Bendsoe N, et al. Fluorescence and absorption assessment of a lipid mTHPC formulation following topical application in a non-melanotic skin tumor model. J Biomed Opt. 2007;12(3):034026. doi: 10.1117/1.2743080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dragicevic-Curic N, Winter S, Stupar M, et al. Temoporfin-loaded liposomal gels: viscoelastic properties and in vitro skin penetration. Int J Pharm. 2009;373(1–2):77–84. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.02.010
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dragicevic-Curic N, Scheglmann D, Albrecht V, et al. Temoporfin-loaded invasomes: development, characterization and in vitro skin penetration studies. J Control Release. 2008;127(1):59–69. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.12.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dragicevic-Curic N, Scheglmann D, Albrecht V, et al. Development of different temoporfin-loaded invasomes-novel nanocarriers of temoporfin: characterization, stability and in vitro skin penetration studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2009;70(2):198–206. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.12.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dragicevic-Curic N, Gräfe S, Albrecht V, et al. Topical application of temoporfin-loaded invasomes for photodynamic therapy of subcutaneously implanted tumours in mice: a pilot study. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2008;91(1):41–50. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2008.01.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dragicevic-Curic N, Gräfe S, Gitter B, et al. Efficacy of temoporfin-loaded invasomes in the photodynamic therapy in human epidermoid and colorectal tumour cell lines. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2010;101(3):238–250. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.07.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dragicevic N, Nikolic B, Albrecht V, et al. Biodistribution of the photosensitizer temoporfin after in vivo topical application of temoporfin-loaded invasomes in mice bearing subcutaneously implanted HT29 tumor. Int J Pharm. 2022;629:122374. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122374
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bendsoe N, Persson L, Johansson A, et al. Fluorescence monitoring of a topically applied liposomal temoporfin formulation and photodynamic therapy of nonpigmented skin malignancies. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2007;26(2):117–126. doi: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.v26.i2.60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dragicevic-Curic N, Scheglmann D, Albrecht V, et al. Development of liposomes containing ethanol for skin delivery of temoporfin: characterization and in vitro penetration studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2009;74(1):114–122. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.07.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dragicevic-Curic N, Gräfe S, Gitter B, et al. Surface charged temoporfin-loaded flexible vesicles: in vitro skin penetration studies and stability. Int J Pharm. 2010;384(1–2):100–108. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.10.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bragagni M, Scozzafava A, Mastrolorenzo A, et al. Development and ex vivo evaluation of 5-aminolevulinic acid-loaded niosomal formulations for topical photodynamic therapy. Int J Pharm. 2015;494(1):258–263. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fadel MA, Tawfik AA. New topical photodynamic therapy for treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa using methylene blue niosomal gel: a single-blind, randomized, comparative study. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2015;40(2):116–122. doi: 10.1111/ced.12459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Mahdy MM, Mohamed EM, Saddik MS, et al. Formulation and clinical evaluation of niosomal methylene blue for successful treatment of acne. J Adv Biomed Pharm Sci. 2020;3:116–126.
   Google Scholar
• Dragicevic N. Invasomes as drug nanocarriers for innovative pharmaceutical dosage forms. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group; 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Khan NH, Mir M, Qian L, et al. Skin cancer biology and barriers to treatment: recent applications of polymeric micro/nanostructures. J Adv Res. 2021;36:223–247. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolmans DE, Fukumura D, Jain RK. Photodynamic therapy for cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 May 1;3(5):380–387. doi: 10.1038/nrc1071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mthethwa TP, Tuncel S, Durmuş M, et al. Photophysical and photochemical properties of a novel thiol terminated low symmetry zinc phthalocyanine complex and its gold nanoparticles conjugate. Dalton Trans. 2013;42(14):4922–4930. doi: 10.1039/c3dt32698e
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campu A, Focsan M, Lerouge F, et al. ICG-loaded gold nano-bipyramids with NIR activatable dual PTT-PDT therapeutic potential in melanoma cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2020 Oct;194:111213. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao J, Duan L, Wang A, et al. Insight into the efficiency of oxygen introduced photodynamic therapy (PDT) and deep PDT against cancers with various assembled nanocarriers. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2020;12(1):e1583. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao G, He F, Li Q, et al. Emerging graphitic carbon nitride-based materials for biomedical applications. Pro Mater Sci. 2020;112:100666.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao G, Zhang L, Chunxue L, et al. Emerging carbon-supported single-atom catalysts for biomedical applications. Matter. 2022;5(10):3341–3374. doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2022.07.031
   Google Scholar
• Liang S, Liao G, Zhu W, et al. Manganese-based hollow nanoplatforms for MR imaging-guided cancer therapies. Biomater Res. 2022;26(1):32. doi: 10.1186/s40824-022-00275-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang L, Oudeng G, Wen F, et al. Recent advances in near-infrared-II hollow nanoplatforms for photothermal-based cancer treatment. Biomater Res. 2022 Nov 8;26(1):61. doi: 10.1186/s40824-022-00308-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang M, Zou Y, Zhong Y, et al. Polydopamine-based tumor-targeted multifunctional reagents for computer tomography/fluorescence dual-mode bioimaging-guided photothermal therapy. ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2019 Feb 18;2(2):630–637. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00797
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yibiao Z, Fei S, Chengmei L, et al. A novel nanotheranostic agent for dual-mode imaging-guided cancer therapy based on europium complexes-grafted-oxidative dopamine. Chem Eng J. 2018;357. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.09.139
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mo Z, Qiu M, Zhao K, et al. Multifunctional phototheranostic nanoplatform based on polydopamine-manganese dioxide-IR780 iodide for effective magnetic resonance imaging-guided synergistic photodynamic/photothermal therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2022a Apr 1;611: 193–204. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mo Z, Li Q, Zhao K, et al. A nanoarchitectonic approach enables triple modal synergistic therapies to enhance antitumor effects. ACS Appl Mater Inter. 2022b Feb 17;14(8):10001–14. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c20416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui X, Zhang Z, Yang Y, et al. Organic radical materials in biomedical applications: state of the art and perspectives. Exploration (Beijing). 2022 Mar 17;2(2):20210264. doi: 10.1002/EXP.20210264
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang D, Wu H, Phua SZF, et al. Self-assembled single-atom nanozyme for enhanced photodynamic therapy treatment of tumor. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):357. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-14199-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui X, Lu G, Dong S, et al. Stable π-radical nanoparticles as versatile photosensitizers for effective hypoxia-overcoming photodynamic therapy. Mater Horiz. 2021 Feb 1;8(2):571–576. doi: 10.1039/d0mh01312a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng DW, Li B, Li CX, et al. Carbon-dot-decorated carbon nitride nanoparticles for enhanced photodynamic therapy against Hypoxic Tumor via water splitting. ACS Nano.2016 Sep 27;10(9):8715–8722. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng L, He F, Yang G, et al. NIR-driven graphitic-phase carbon nitride nanosheets for efficient bioimaging and photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B. 2016 Dec 28;4(48):8000–8008. doi: 10.1039/c6tb02232d
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen R, Zhang J, Wang Y, et al. Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet@metal-organic framework core-shell nanoparticles for photo-chemo combination therapy. Nanoscale. 2015 Nov 7;7(41):17299–17305. doi: 10.1039/c5nr04436g
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Lv F, Cheng Y, et al. Pd@Au bimetallic nanoplates decorated mesoporous mnO2 for synergistic nucleus-targeted NIR‐II photothermal and hypoxia‐relieved photodynamic therapy. Adv Healthc Mater. 2020;9(2):1901528. doi: 10.1002/adhm.201901528
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin Z, Qiu M, Zhang Q, et al. Development of copper vacancy defects in a silver-doped CuS nanoplatform for high-efficiency photothermal–chemodynamic synergistic antitumor therapy. J Mat Chem B. 2021;9(42):8882–8896. doi: 10.1039/D1TB01629F
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zou Y, Fei S, Chengmei L, et al. A novel nanotheranostic agent for dual-mode imaging-guided cancer therapy based on europium complexes-grafted-oxidative dopamine. Chem Eng J. 2019;357:237–247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mo Z, Pan X, Pan X, et al. MOF (fe)-derived composites as a unique nanoplatform for chemo-photodynamic tumor therapy. J Mat Chem B. 2022;10(42):8760–8770. doi: 10.1039/D2TB01691E
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zou Y, Jin H, Sun F, et al. Design and synthesis of a lead sulfide based nanotheranostic agent for computer tomography/magnetic resonance dual-mode-bioimaging-guided photothermal therapy. ACS Appl Nano Mater. 2018 Apr 17;1(5):2294–2305. doi: 10.1021/acsanm.8b00359
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Z, Yao D, Ye Q, et al. Zoledronic acid–gadolinium coordination polymer nanorods for improved tumor radioimmunotherapy by synergetically inducing immunogenic cell death and reprogramming the immunosuppressive microenvironment. ACS Nano. 2021 May 3;15(5):8450–8465. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10764
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian Y, Qiao S, Dai Y, et al. Molecular-targeted immunotherapeutic strategy for melanoma via dual-targeting nanoparticles delivering small interfering RNA to tumor-associated macrophages. ACS Nano. 2017 Sep 26;11(9):9536–9549. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Tang J, Li C, et al. A targeting black phosphorus nanoparticle based immune cells nano-regulator for photodynamic/photothermal and photo-immunotherapy. Bioact Mater. 2021 Feb 1;6(2):472–489. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.08.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Wang B, Zhao R, et al. Multifunctional nanoparticles as photosensitizer delivery carriers for enhanced photodynamic cancer therapy. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2020 Oct;115:111099. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng Y, Han Y, Sun Q, et al. Harnessing anti-tumor and tumor-tropism functions of macrophages via nanotechnology for tumor immunotherapy. Exploration (Beijing). 2022 Feb 25;2(3):20210166. doi: 10.1002/EXP.20210166
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Souto EB, Cano A, Martins-Gomes C, et al. Microemulsions and Nanoemulsions in Skin Drug Delivery. Bioengineering (Basel). 2022 Apr 5;9(4):158. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering9040158
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Md S, Haque S, Madheswaran T, et al. Lipid based nanocarriers system for topical delivery of photosensitizers. Drug Discov Today. 2017;22(8):1274–1283. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.04.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Champeau M, Vignoud S, Mortier L, et al. Photodynamic therapy for skin cancer: how to enhance drug penetration? J Photochem Photobiol B. 2019;197:111544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collier NJ, Rhodes LE. Photodynamic therapy for basal cell carcinoma: the clinical context for future research priorities. Molecules. 2020;25(22):5398. doi: 10.3390/molecules25225398
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dragicevic N, Maibach H. Combined use of nanocarriers and physical methods for percutaneous penetration enhancement. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2018;127:58–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi MJ, Maibach HI. Liposomes and niosomes as topical drug delivery systems. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2005;18(5):209–219. doi: 10.1159/000086666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raza K, Singh B, Lohan S, et al. Nano-lipoidal carriers of tretinoin with enhanced percutaneous absorption, photostability, biocompatibility and anti-psoriatic activity. Int J Pharm. 2013;456(1):65–72. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derycke ASL, De Witte PAM. Liposomes for photodynamic therapy. Advanced Drug Delivery Rev. 2004;56(1):17–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cevc G. Transfersomes, liposomes and other lipid suspensions on the skin: permeation enhancement, vesicle penetration, and transdermal drug delivery. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 1996;13(3–4):257–388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cevc G, Mazgareanu S, Rother M. Preclinical characterisation of NSAIDs in ultradeformable carriers or conventional topical gels. Int J Pharm. 2008;360(1–2):29–39.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Touitou E, Dayan N, Bergelson L, et al. Ethosomes — novel vesicular carriers for enhanced delivery: characterization and skin penetration properties. J Control Release. 2000;65(3):403–418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jafari A, Daneshamouz S, Ghasemiyeh P, et al. Ethosomes as dermal/transdermal drug delivery systems: applications, preparation and characterization. J Liposome Res. 2023;33(1):34–52. doi: 10.1080/08982104.2022.2085742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mura S, Manconi M, Valenti D, et al. Transcutol containing vesicles for topical delivery of minoxidil. J Drug Target. 2011;19(3):189–196. doi: 10.3109/1061186X.2010.483516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mura S, Manconi M, Fadda AM, et al. Penetration enhancer-containing vesicles (PEVs) as carriers for cutaneous delivery of minoxidil: in vitro evaluation of drug permeation by infrared spectroscopy. Pharm Dev Technol. 2013;18(6):1339–1345. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2012.685661
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cevc G, Gebauer D. Hydration-driven transport of deformable lipid vesicles through fine pores and the skin barrier. Biophys J. 2003;84(2):1010–1024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• den Bergh BAI V, Vroom J, Gerritsen H, et al. Interactions of elastic and rigid vesicles with human skin in vitro: electron microscopy and two-photon excitation microscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999;1461(1):155–173. doi: 10.1016/S0005-2736(99)00176-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasamineh S, Yasamineh P, Ghafouri Kalajahi H, et al. A state-of-the-art review on the recent advances of niosomes as a targeted drug delivery system. Int J Pharm. 2022;624:121878. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aparajay P, Dev A. Functionalized niosomes as a smart delivery device in cancer and fungal infection. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2022;168:106052. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muzzalupo R, Pérez L, Pinazo A, et al. Pharmaceutical versatility of cationic niosomes derived from amino acid-based surfactants: skin penetration behavior and controlled drug release. Int J Pharm. 2017;529(1–2):245–252. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.083
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Rosa FS, Bentley MV. Photodynamic therapy of skin cancers: sensitizers, clinical studies and future directives. Pharm Res. 2000;17(12):1447–1455. doi: 10.1023/a:1007612905378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeffes EW. Levulan: the first approved topical photosensitizer for the treatment of actinic keratosis. J DermatolTreat. 2002;13(1):S19–23. doi: 10.1080/095466302317414663
   Google Scholar
• Donnelly RF, McCarron PA, Morrow DI, et al. Photosensitiser de-livery for photodynamic therapy. Part 1: topical carrier platforms. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2008;5(7):757–766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casas A, Fukuda H, Di Venosa G, et al. The influence of the vehicle on the synthesis of porphyrins after topical application of 5-aminolaevulinic acid. Implications in cu-taneous photodynamic sensitization. Br J Dermatol. 2000;143(3):564–572. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2000.03711.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casas A, Perotti C, Saccoliti M, et al. ALA and ALA hexyl ester in free and liposomal formulations for the photosensitisation of tumour organ cultures. Br J Cancer. 2002;86(5):837–842. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunke A, Zerbe O, Schmid H, et al. Degradation mechanism and stability of 5-aminolevulinic acid. J Pharm Sci. 2000;89(10):1335–1341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunes SM, Sguilla FS, Tedesco AC. Photophysical studies of zinc phthalocyanine and chloroaluminum phthalocyanine incorporated into liposomes in the presence of additives. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2004;37(2):273–284. doi: 10.1590/s0100-879x2004000200016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopper C. Photodynamic therapy: a clinical reality in the treatment of cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2000;1(4):212–219. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(00)00166-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ris HB, Altermatt HJ, Stewart CM, et al. Photodynamic therapy with m-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin in vivo: optimization of the therapeutic index. Int J Cancer. 1993;55(2):245–249. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910550213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelbauskas L. Untersuchungen zur Struktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehung selbstassoziierender Photosensibilisatoren mittels zeitaufgelöster Spektroskopie [ dissertation]. Jena (Germany): Friedrich-Schiller University Jena; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Dragicevic-Curic N, Winter S, Krajisnik D, et al. Stability evaluation of temoporfin-loaded liposomal gels for topical application. J Liposome Res. 2010;20(1):38–48. doi: 10.3109/08982100903030263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajare AA, Mali SS, Ahir AA, et al. Lipid nanoparticles: a modern formulation approach in topical drug delivery systems. J Adv Drug Deliv. 2014;1(1):30–37.
   Google Scholar
• Goto PL, Siqueira-Moura MP, Tedesco AC. Application of aluminum chloride phthalocyanine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for photodynamic inactivation of melanoma cells. Int J Pharm. 2017 Feb 25;518(1–2):228–241. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.01.004
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Palliyage GH, Hussein N, Mimlitz M, et al. Novel curcumin-resveratrol solid nanoparticles synergistically inhibit proliferation of melanoma cells. Pharm Res. 2021 May;38(5):851–871. Epub 2021 May 12. PMID: 33982225. doi: 10.1007/s11095-021-03043-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdel Fadeel DA, Kamel R, Fadel M. Pegylated lipid nanocarrier for enhancing photodynamic therapy of skin carcinoma using curcumin: in-vitro/in-vivo studies and histopathological examination. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):10435. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67349-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qidwai A, Khan S, Md S, et al. Nanostructured lipid carrier in photodynamic therapy for the treatment of basal-cell carcinoma. Drug Deliv. 2016;23(4):1476–1485. doi: 10.3109/10717544.2016.1165310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almeida EDP, Santos Silva LA, de Araujo GRS, et al. Chitosan-functionalized nanostructured lipid carriers containing chloroaluminum phthalocyanine for photodynamic therapy of skin cancer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2022;179:221–231. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.09.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato MR, Oshiro-Junior JA, Rodero CF, et al. Photodynamic therapy-mediated hypericin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers against vulvovaginal candidiasis. J Mycol Med. 2022;32(4):101296. doi: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2022.101296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang LW, Al-Suwayeh SA, Hung CF, et al. Oil components modulate the skin delivery of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its ester prodrug from oil-in-water and water-in-oil nanoemulsions. Int J Nanomedicine. 2011;6:693–704. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S17524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araújo LM, Thomazine JA, Lopez RF. Development of microemulsions to topically deliver 5-aminolevulinic acid in photodynamic therapy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2010 May;75(1):48–55. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.01.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribeiro AP, Andrade MC, Bagnato VS, et al. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against pathogenic bacterial suspensions and biofilms using chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine encapsulated in nanoemulsions. Lasers Med Sci. 2015 Feb;30(2):549–559. doi: 10.1007/s10103-013-1354-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossetti FC, Depieri LV, Praça FG, et al. Optimization of protoporphyrin IX skin delivery for topical photodynamic therapy: nanodispersions of liquid-crystalline phase as nanocarriers. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2016 Feb 15;83:99–108. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.12.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turchiello RF, Vena FC, Maillard P. et al. Cubic phase gel as a drug delivery system for topical application of 5-ALA, its ester derivatives and m-THPC in photodynamic therapy (PDT). J Photochem Photobiol B. 2003 Apr;70(1):1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• da Silva DB, da Silva CL, Davanzo NN, et al. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) loaded PLGA nanoparticles for topical photodynamic therapy of melanoma cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2021;35:102317. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102317
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Toledo MCMC, Abreu ADS, Carvalho JA, et al. Zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate-loaded polyelectrolytic PLGA nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy applications. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2020;32:101966. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101966
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Shi L, Tu Q, et al. Treating cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma using 5-aminolevulinic acid polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticle-mediated photodynamic therapy in a mouse model. Int J Nanomedicine. 2015;10:347–355. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S71245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González-Delgado JA, Castro PM, Machado A, et al. Hydrogels containing porphyrin-loaded nanoparticles for topical photodynamic applications. Int J Pharm. 2016;510(1):221–231.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rodriguez L, Vallecorsa P, Battah S, et al. Aminolevulinic acid dendrimers in photodynamic treatment of cancer and atheromatous disease. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2015;14(9):1617–1627. doi: 10.1039/c5pp00126a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou T, Battah S, Mazzacuva F, et al. Design of Bifunctional Dendritic 5-aminolevulinic acid and hydroxypyridinone conjugates for photodynamic therapy. Bioconjug Chem. 2018;29(10):3411–3428. doi: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dabrzalska M, Janaszewska A, Zablocka M, et al. Cationic phosphorus dendrimer enhances photodynamic activity of rose bengal against basal cell carcinoma cell lines. Mol Pharm. 2017;14(5):1821–1830. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutnick MA, Ahsanuddin S, Guan L, et al. Pegylated dendrimers as drug delivery vehicles for the Photosensitizer Silicon Phthalocyanine Pc 4 for candidal infections. Biomacromolecules. 2017;18(2):379–385. doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chi YF, Qin JJ, Li Z, et al. Enhanced anti-tumor efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid-gold nanoparticles-mediated photodynamic therapy in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2020;53(5):e8457. doi: 10.1590/1414-431x20208457
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizzi M, Tonello S, Estevão BM, et al. Verteporfin based silica nanoparticle for in vitro selective inhibition of human highly invasive melanoma cell proliferation. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2017;167:1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang P, Tang H, Zhang P. Highly efficient and biocompatible nanoparticle-based photosensitizer for treatment of acne vulgaris. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2018;13(20):2629–2636. doi: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller RH, Shegokar R, Keck CM. 20 years of lipid nanoparticles (SLN and NLC): present state of development and industrial applications. Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2011;8(3):207–227. doi: 10.2174/157016311796799062
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Müller RH, Zhai X, Romero GB, et al. Nanocrystals for passive dermal penetration enhancement-nanocarriers. In: Dragicevic N Maibach H, editors. Percutaneous penetration enhancers chemical methods in penetration enhancement. Berlin (Heidelberg): Springer; 2016. p. 283–295.
   Google Scholar
• Luna-Canales IC, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Chirino YI. et al. Curcumin-loaded microemulsion: formulation, characterization, and in vitro skin penetration. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2023 Jan;49(1):42–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solans C, Izquierdo P, Nolla J, et al. Nano-emulsions. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci. 2005;10(3–4):102–110. doi: 10.1016/j.cocis.2005.06.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izquierdo P, Wiechers JW, Escribano E, et al. A study on the influence of emulsion droplet size on the skin penetration of tetracaine. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2007;20(5):263–270. doi: 10.1159/000106076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdel-Mottaleb MMA, Lamprecht A. Polymeric nano (and micro-) particles as carriers for enhanced skin penetration. In: Dragicevic N Maibach H, editors. Percutaneous penetration enhancers chemical methods in penetration enhancement - nanocarriers. Berlin (Heidelberg): Springer; 2016. p. 187–199.
   Google Scholar
• Alvarez-Román R, Naik A, Kalia YN, et al. Skin penetration and distribution of polymeric nanoparticles. J Control Release. 2004;99(1):53–62. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.06.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng L, Gowda BHJ, Ahmed MG, et al. Advancements in nanoparticle-based treatment approaches for skin cancer therapy. Mol Cancer. 2023;22(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s12943-022-01708-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kesharwani P, Gothwal A, Iyer AK, et al. Dendrimer nanohybrid carrier systems: an expanding horizon for targeted drug and gene delivery. Drug Discov Today. 2018;23(2):300–314. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.06.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ybarra DE, Calienni MN, Ramirez LF, et al. Vismodegib in PAMAM-dendrimers for potential theragnosis in skin cancer. OpenNano. 2022;7:100053. doi: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100053
   Google Scholar
• VV V, OP P. Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as skin penetration enhancers: influence of charge, generation, and concentration. J Pharm Sci. 2009;98(7):2345–2356. doi: 10.1002/jps.21603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filipowicz A, Wołowiec S. Solubility and in vitro transdermal diffusion of riboflavin assisted by PAMAM dendrimers. Int J Pharm. 2011 Apr 15;408(1–2):152–156. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.01.033
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sebestik J, Niederhafner P, Jezek J. Peptide and glycopeptide dendrimers and analogous dendrimeric structures and their biomedical applications. Amino Acids. 2011;40(2):301–370. doi: 10.1007/s00726-010-0707-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziyu L, Zhang J, Huang Y, et al. Development of electroactive materials-based immunosensor towards early-stage cancer detection. Coord Chem Rev. 2022;471:214723. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214723
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh P, Pandit S, VRSS M, et al. Gold nanoparticles in diagnostics and therapeutics for human cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jul 6;19(7):1979. doi: 10.3390/ijms19071979
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alrushaid N, Khan FA, Al-Suhaimi EA, et al. Nanotechnology in cancer Diagnosis and treatment. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(3):1025. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonçalves JP, da Cruz AF, Nunes ÁM, et al. Biocompatible gum arabic-gold nanorod composite as an effective therapy for mistreated melanomas. Int J Biol Macromol. 2021;185:551–561. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayir S, Barras A, Boukherroub R, et al. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles in recent photodynamic therapy applications. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2018;17(11):1651–1674. doi: 10.1039/c8pp00143j
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu SH, Mou CY, Lin HP. Synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev. 2013 May 7;42(9):3862–3875. doi: 10.1039/c3cs35405a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldea I, Giurgiu L, Teacoe ID, et al. Photodynamic therapy in melanoma-where do we stand? Curr Med Chem. 2018 Dec 1;25(40):5540–5563. doi: 10.2174/0929867325666171226115626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang H, Lu XF, Wu Z-P, et al. Emerging multifunctional single-atom catalysts/nanozymes. ACS Cent Sci. 2020;6:1288–1301. doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhi D, Yang T, O’hagan J, et al. Photothermal therapy. J Control Release. 2020;325:52–71. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Li C, Qian J, et al. NIR-II responsive hollow magnetite nanoclusters for targeted magnetic resonance imaging-guided Photothermal/Chemo-therapy and chemodynamic therapy. Small. 2021;17(31):e2100794. doi: 10.1002/smll.202100794
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng RH, Zou MZ, Zheng D, et al. Nanoparticles from cuttlefish ink inhibit tumor growth by synergizing immunotherapy and photothermal therapy. ACS Nano. 2019 Jun 27;13(8):8618–8629. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02993
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang L, Yan W, Cai B, et al. Dual-engineered, “trojanized” macrophages bio-modally eradicate tumors through biologically and photothermally deconstructing cancer cells in an on-demand, NIR-commanded, self-explosive manner. Biomaterials. 2020 Aug 1;250:120021. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Y, Guan Z, Dai X, et al. Engineered macrophages as near-infrared light activated drug vectors for chemo-photodynamic therapy of primary and bone metastatic breast cancer. Nat Commun. 2021 Jul 14;12(1):4310. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24564-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding J, Lu G, Nie W. et al. Self‐activatable photo‐extracellular vesicle for synergistic trimodal anticancer therapy. Adv Mater. 2021 Feb;33(7):2005562.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ai J, Biazar E, Jafarpour M, et al. Nanotoxicology and nanoparticle safety in biomedical designs. Int J Nanomedicine. 2011;6:1117–1127. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S16603
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Onoue S, Yamada S, Chan HK. Nanodrugs: pharmacokinetics and safety. Int J Nanomedicine. 2014 Feb 20;9:1025–37. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S38378 PMID: 24591825; PMCID: PMC3934594
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang YP, Wu PC, Tsai YH, et al. Physicochemical and safety evaluation of 5-aminolevulinic acid in novel liposomes as carrier for skin delivery. J Liposome Res. 2008;18(1):31–45. doi: 10.1080/08982100801893952
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azarnezhad A, Samadian H, Jaymand M. et al. Toxicological profile of lipid-based nanostructures: are they considered as completely safe nanocarriers? Crit Rev Toxicol. 2020 Feb;50(2):148–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RS R, Bandaru R, Kenguva G, et al. Dendrimers in photodynamic therapy. In: Kesharwani, P, editor. Nanomaterials for Photodynamic Therapy (Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials). 1st ed. Woodhead Publishing, Elsevier; 2023. p. 281–305.
   Google Scholar
• Li X, Naeem A, Xiao S, et al. Safety challenges and application strategies for the use of dendrimers in medicine. Pharmaceutics. 2022 Jun 17;14(6):1292. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin L, Gan J, Niu D, et al. Interfacial-confined coordination to single-atom nanotherapeutics. Nat Commun. 2022 Jan 10;13(1):91. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27640-7 PMID: 35013181; PMCID: PMC8748799.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Wang H, Wang H, et al. Single-layered graphitic-C(3)N(4) quantum dots for two-photon fluorescence imaging of cellular nucleus. Adv Mater. 2014 Jul 9;26(26):4438–4443. doi: 10.1002/adma.201400111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin RK, Venkatesan P, Yeh CH, et al. Effective topical treatments using innovative NNO-tridentate vanadium(IV) complexes-mediated photodynamic therapy in a psoriasis-like mouse model. J Mater Chem B. 2022;10(25):4759–4770. doi: 10.1039/d2tb00344a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makuch S, Dróżdż M, Makarec A, et al. An update on photodynamic therapy of psoriasis-current strategies and nanotechnology as a future perspective. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(17):9845. doi: 10.3390/ijms23179845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwiatkowski S, Knap B, Przystupski D, et al. Photodynamic therapy - mechanisms, photosensitizers and combinations. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;106:1098–1107. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clemente N, Miletto I, Gianotti E, et al. Verteporfin-loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles’ Topical Applications Inhibit Mouse Melanoma Lymphangiogenesis and micrometastasis in vivo. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Dec 14;22(24):13443. doi: 10.3390/ijms222413443
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conte C, Ungaro F, Maglio G, et al. Biodegradable core-shell nanoassemblies for the delivery of docetaxel and Zn (II)-phthalocyanine inspired by combination therapy for cancer. JControlled Release. 2013 Apr 10;167(1):40–45. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.12.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenchegowda M, Rahamathulla M, Hani U, et al. Smart nanocarriers as an emerging platform for cancer therapy: a review. Molecules. 2021;27(1):146. doi: 10.3390/molecules27010146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh S, Carter KA, Lovell JF. Liposomal formulations of photosensitizers. Biomaterials. 2019;218:119341. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Huang J, Li X, et al. Progress of Nanomaterials in photodynamic therapy against tumor. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022;10:920162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang YL, Lin K, Yang L. Progress in Nanocarriers Codelivery System to enhance the anticancer effect of photodynamic therapy. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(11):1951. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111951
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar