11,846
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

The effects of fasting on drug metabolism

ORCID Icon, , &
Pages 79-85 | Received 13 Oct 2019, Accepted 16 Dec 2019, Published online: 24 Dec 2019

References

  • Richtlijn ondervoeding. herkenning, diagnosestelling en behandeling van ondervoeding bij volwassenen. 2 Stuurgroep ondervoeding. Houten, The Netherlands; 2019. p. 1–39.
  • Caillet P, Liuu E, Raynaud Simon A, et al. Association between cachexia, chemotherapy and outcomes in older cancer patients: A systematic review. Clin Nutr. 2017 Dec;36(6):1473–1482.
  • Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Kiesswetter E, Drey M, et al. Nutrition, frailty, and sarcopenia. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2017 Feb;29(1):43–48.
  • Berg JMTJ, Stryer L. Biochemistry. 5th ed. New York: W H Freeman; 2002.
  • Caldwell J, Gardner I, Swales N. An introduction to drug disposition: the basic principles of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Toxicol Pathol. 1995 Mar-Apr;23(2):102–114.
  • Ingelman-Sundberg M. Pharmacogenetics: an opportunity for a safer and more efficient pharmacotherapy. J Intern Med. 2001 Sep;250(3):186–200.
  • EMA/CHMP/ICH/544570/1998. ICH guideline E8 (R1) on general considerations for clinical studies; 2019.
  • Zanger UM, Schwab M. Cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug metabolism: regulation of gene expression, enzyme activities, and impact of genetic variation. Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Apr;138(1):103–141.
  • Xu C, Li CY, Kong AN. Induction of phase I, II and III drug metabolism/transport by xenobiotics. Arch Pharm Res. 2005 Mar;28(3):249–268.
  • Jancova P, Anzenbacher P, Anzenbacherova E. Phase II drug metabolizing enzymes. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2010 Jun;154(2):103–116.
  • Bock KW. Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: feedback loops between substrates and ligands of their transcription factors. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 Oct 15;84(8):1000–1006.
  • Williams JA, Hyland R, Jones BC, et al. Drug-drug interactions for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates: a pharmacokinetic explanation for typically observed low exposure (AUCi/AUC) ratios. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Nov;32(11):1201–1208.
  • Mackenzie PI, Bock KW, Burchell B, et al. Nomenclature update for the mammalian UDP glycosyltransferase (UGT) gene superfamily. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2005 Oct;15(10):677–685.
  • Pratt V, McLeod H, Dean L, et al., editors Medical genetics summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US). 2012.
  • McGill MR, Jaeschke H. Metabolism and disposition of acetaminophen: recent advances in relation to hepatotoxicity and diagnosis. Pharm Res. 2013 Sep;30(9):2174–2187.
  • Zhu B, Bush D, Doss GA, et al. Characterization of 1ʹ-hydroxymidazolam glucuronidation in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Feb;36(2):331–338.
  • Habuchi O. Diversity and functions of glycosaminoglycan sulfotransferases. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Apr 6;1474(2):115–127.
  • Coughtrie MW. Function and organization of the human cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) family. Chem Biol Interact. 2016 Nov 25;259(Pt A):2–7.
  • van Bladeren PJ. Glutathione conjugation as a bioactivation reaction. Chem Biol Interact. 2000 Dec 1;129(1–2):61–76.
  • Rumack BH, Matthew H. Acetaminophen poisoning and toxicity. Pediatrics. 1975 Jun;55(6):871–876.
  • Murray M. Altered CYP expression and function in response to dietary factors: potential roles in disease pathogenesis. Curr Drug Metab. 2006 Jan;7(1):67–81.
  • Kato R, Gillette JR. Sex differences in the effects of abnormal physiological states on the metabolism of drugs by rat liver microsomes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1965 Nov;150(2):285–291.
  • Miller KW, Yang CS. Studies on the mechanisms of induction of N-nitrosodimethylamine demethylase by fasting, acetone, and ethanol. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1984 Mar;229(2):483–491.
  • Imaoka S, Yamaguchi Y, Funae Y. Induction and regulation of cytochrome P450 K-5 (lauric acid hydroxylase) in rat renal microsomes by starvation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1990 Oct 12;1036(1):18–23.
  • Imaoka S, Terano Y, Funae Y. Changes in the amount of cytochrome P450s in rat hepatic microsomes with starvation. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1990 Apr;278(1):168–178.
  • Ma Q, Dannan GA, Guengerich FP, et al. Similarities and differences in the regulation of hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzymes by diabetes and fasting in male rats. Biochem Pharmacol. 1989 Oct 01;38(19):3179–3184.
  • Xu J, Kulkarni SR, Li L, et al. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase expression in mouse liver is increased in obesity- and fasting-induced steatosis. Drug Metab Dispos. 2012 Feb;40(2):259–266.
  • Ding X, Lichti K, Kim I, et al. Regulation of constitutive androstane receptor and its target genes by fasting, cAMP, hepatocyte nuclear factor alpha, and the coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha. J Biol Chem. 2006 Sep 8;281(36):26540–26551.
  • Tsuchiya Y, Sakai H, Hirata A, et al. Effects of food restriction on the expression of genes related to acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity in rats. J Toxicol Pathol. 2018 Oct;31(4):267–274.
  • Martignoni M, Groothuis GM, de Kanter R. Species differences between mouse, rat, dog, monkey and human CYP-mediated drug metabolism, inhibition and induction. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2006 Dec; 2(6):875–894.
  • de Vries EM, Lammers LA, Achterbergh R, et al. Fasting-induced changes in hepatic P450 mediated drug metabolism are largely independent of the constitutive androstane receptor CAR. PLoS One. 2016;11(7):e0159552.
  • Klein S, Sakurai Y, Romijn JA, et al. Progressive alterations in lipid and glucose metabolism during short-term fasting in young adult men. Am J Physiol. 1993 Nov;265(5 Pt 1):E801–6.
  • Hernandez JP, Mota LC, Baldwin WS. Activation of CAR and PXR by dietary, environmental and occupational chemicals alters drug metabolism, intermediary metabolism, and cell proliferation. Curr Pharmacogenomics Person Med. 2009 Jun 1;7(2):81–105.
  • Watkins RE, Wisely GB, Moore LB, et al. The human nuclear xenobiotic receptor PXR: structural determinants of directed promiscuity. Science. 2001 Jun 22;292(5525):2329–2333.
  • Nakamura K, Moore R, Negishi M, et al. Nuclear pregnane X receptor cross-talk with FoxA2 to mediate drug-induced regulation of lipid metabolism in fasting mouse liver. J Biol Chem. 2007 Mar 30;282(13):9768–9776.
  • Finn RD, Henderson CJ, Scott CL, et al. Unsaturated fatty acid regulation of cytochrome P450 expression via a CAR-dependent pathway. Biochem J. 2009 Jan 01;417(1):43–54.
  • Turpault S, Brian W, Van Horn R, et al. Pharmacokinetic assessment of a five-probe cocktail for CYPs 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Dec;68(6):928–935.
  • Lammers LA, Achterbergh R, Pistorius MC, et al. Quantitative method for simultaneous analysis of a 5-Probe cocktail for cytochrome P450 enzymes. Ther Drug Monit. 2016 Dec;38(6):761–768.
  • Merrell MD, Cherrington NJ. Drug metabolism alterations in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Drug Metab Rev. 2011 Aug;43(3):317–334.
  • von Haehling S, Anker SD. Cachexia as a major underestimated and unmet medical need: facts and numbers. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2010 Sep;1(1):1–5.
  • O’Shea D, Davis SN, Kim RB, et al. Effect of fasting and obesity in humans on the 6-hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone: a putative probe of CYP2E1 activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1994 Oct;56(4):359–367.
  • de Andres F, LL A. Simultaneous determination of cytochrome P450 oxidation capacity in humans: a review on the phenotyping cocktail approach. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2016;17(13):1159–1180.
  • Lammers LA, Achterbergh R, van Schaik RH, et al. Effect of short-term fasting on systemic cytochrome p450-mediated drug metabolism in healthy subjects: A randomized, controlled, crossover study using a cocktail approach. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2017 Feb 22;56:1231–1244.
  • Lammers LA, Achterbergh R, Romijn JA, et al. Nutritional status differentially alters cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and uridine 5ʹ-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) mediated drug metabolism: effect of short-term fasting and high fat diet on midazolam metabolism. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2018 Jun 6;43:751–767.
  • Klieber S, Hugla S, Ngo R, et al. Contribution of the N-glucuronidation pathway to the overall in vitro metabolic clearance of midazolam in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 May;36(5):851–862.
  • Vossen M, Sevestre M, Niederalt C, et al. Dynamically simulating the interaction of midazolam and the CYP3A4 inhibitor itraconazole using individual coupled whole-body physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (WB-PBPK) models. Theor Biol Med Model. 2007 Mar 26;4:13.
  • Lammers LA, Achterbergh R, de Vries EM, et al. Short-term fasting alters cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2015 Jun;43(6):819–828.
  • Lammers LA Nutritional Conditioning: The Effect of Fasting on Drug Metabolism [PhD Thesis]. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam; 2018.
  • Baumann P, Ulrich S, Eckermann G, et al. The AGNP-TDM expert group consensus guidelines: focus on therapeutic monitoring of antidepressants. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2005;7(3):231–247.
  • Perera V, Bies RR, Mo G, et al. Optimal sampling of antipsychotic medicines: a pharmacometric approach for clinical practice. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2014 Oct;78(4):800–814.
  • van Dijkman SC, Rauwe WM, Danhof M, et al. Pharmacokinetic interactions and dosing rationale for antiepileptic drugs in adults and children. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Jan;84(1):97–111.
  • Badowski ME, Burton B, Shaeer KM, et al. Oral oncolytic and antiretroviral therapy administration: dose adjustments, drug interactions, and other considerations for clinical use. Drugs Context. 2019;8:212550.
  • de Groot S, Pijl H, van der Hoeven JJM, et al. Effects of short-term fasting on cancer treatment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2019 May 22;38(1):209.
  • van Ommen B, van den Broek T, de Hoogh I, et al. Systems biology of personalized nutrition. Nutr Rev. 2017 Aug 1;75(8):579–599.
  • Abbasi J. Can a diet that mimics fasting turn back the clock?. JAMA. 2017 Jun 28;318(3):227–229.
  • Wei M, Brandhorst S, Shelehchi M, et al. Fasting-mimicking diet and markers/risk factors for aging, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Sci Transl Med. 2017 Feb 15;9(377):eaai8700.
  • Raffaghello L, Lee C, Safdie FM, et al. Starvation-dependent differential stress resistance protects normal but not cancer cells against high-dose chemotherapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Jun 17;105(24):8215–8220.
  • de Groot S, Vreeswijk MP, Welters MJ, et al. The effects of short-term fasting on tolerance to (neo) adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-negative breast cancer patients: a randomized pilot study. BMC Cancer. 2015;15:652.
  • Huisman SA, Bijman-Lagcher W, IJ JN, et al. Fasting protects against the side effects of irinotecan but preserves its anti-tumor effect in Apc15lox mutant mice. Cell Cycle. 2015;14(14):2333–2339.
  • Brandhorst S, Choi IY, Wei M, et al. A periodic diet that mimics fasting promotes multi-system regeneration, enhanced cognitive performance, and healthspan. Cell Metab. 2015 Jul 7;22(1):86–99.
  • Mathijssen RH, van Alphen RJ, Verweij J, et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of irinotecan (CPT-11). Clin Cancer Res. 2001 Aug;7(8):2182–2194.
  • Mathijssen RH, Verweij J, de Bruijn P, et al. Effects of St. John’s wort on irinotecan metabolism. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002 Aug 21;94(16):1247–1249.
  • Turner RM, Park BK, Pirmohamed M. Parsing interindividual drug variability: an emerging role for systems pharmacology. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2015 Jul-Aug;7(4):221–241.
  • Kang JS, Lee MH. Overview of therapeutic drug monitoring. Korean J Intern Med. 2009 Mar;24(1):1–10.