PERMA to PERMA+4 building blocks of well-being: A systematic review of the empirical literature

References

• Allen, R. E., Carson, J., Merrifield, B., & Bush, S. (2020). Still worlds apart: Flourishing in people with mental health problems. Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 24(3), 163–172. https://doi.org/10.1108/MHSI-05-2020-0027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ascenso, S., Perkins, R., & Williamson, A. (2018). Resounding meaning: A PERMA wellbeing profile of classical musicians. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asebedo, S. D. (2019). Psychosocial attributes and financial self-efficacy among older adults. Journal of Financial Therapy, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.4148/1944-9771.1196
   Google Scholar
• Ayse, E. B. (2018). Adaptation of the PERMA well-being scale into Turkish: Validity and reliability studies. Educational Research and Reviews, 13(4), 129–135. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2017.3435
   Google Scholar
• Bartholomaeus, J. D., Iasiello, M. P., Jarden, A., Burke, K. J., & van Agteren, J. (2020). Evaluating the psychometric properties of the PERMA profiler. Journal of Well-Being Assessment, 4(2), 163–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41543-020-00031-3
   Google Scholar
• Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v6i3.526
   Google Scholar
• Butler, J., Kern, M., & Kossakowska, M. (n.d). PERMA-Profil (PL). https://www.peggykern.org/uploads/5/6/6/7/56678211/perma_profil_plpdf.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Cameron, K., Bright, D., & Ve Cazza, A. (2004). Exploring the relationship between organizational virtuousness and performance. The American Behavioral Scientist, 47(6), 766–790. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764203260209
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camitan, D. S., & Bajin, L. N. (2021). The importance of well-being on resiliency of Filipino adults during the COVID-19 enhanced community quarantine: A necessary condition analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.558930
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Z. J., Bechara, A. O., Worthington, E. L., Davis, E. B., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2021). Trauma and well-being in Colombian disaster contexts: Effects of religious coping, forgivingness, and hope. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 16(1), 82–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2019.1663254
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, B., Luo, T., Cai, Q., Pan, F., Liang, D., Hu, Y., & Tang, M. (2022). Effect of psychological intervention-assisted comfort nursing based on PERMA model on stress and psychological changes of patients after breast cancer surgery. Computational & Mathematical Methods in Medicine, 2022, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1853754
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, M. Y. (2021). Mental and physical factors influencing wellbeing among South Korean emergency workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010070
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, S. P., Suh, C., Yang, J. W., Ye, B. J., Lee, C. K., Son, B. C., & Choi, M. (2019). Korean translation and validation of the workplace positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA) profiler. Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 31(1). ccl.idm.oclc.https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e17
   Google Scholar
• Collins, A. L., Sarkisian, N., & Winner, E. (2009). Flow and happiness in later life: An investigation into the role of daily and weekly flow experiences. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10(6), 703–719. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-008-9116-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagenais Desmarais, V., & Savoie, A. (2012). What is psychological well-being, really? A grassroots approach from the organizational sciences. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13(4), 659–684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-011-9285-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Carvalho, T. F., de Aquino, S. D., & Natividade, J. C. (2021). Flourishing in the Brazilian context: Evidence of the validity of the perma-profiler scale: Perma-profiler Brazil. Current Psychology, 42(3), 1828–1840. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01587-w
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E., Heintzelman, S. J., Kushlev, K., Tay, L., Wirtz, D., Lutes, L. D., & Oishi, S. (2017). Findings all psychologists should know from the new science on subjective well-being. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 58(2), 87. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000063
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D. W., Oishi, S., & Biswas Diener, R. (2010). New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97(2), 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-009-9493-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson, S. I., Cabrera, V., & Gaffaney, J. (2021). Following the science to generate well-being: Using the highest-quality experimental evidence to design interventions. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.739352
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson, S. I., & Donaldson, S. I. (2020). The positive functioning at work scale: Psychometric assessment, validation, and measurement invariance. Journal of Well-Being Assessment, 4(2), 181–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41543-020-00033-1
   Google Scholar
• Donaldson, S. I., & Grant-Vallone, E. J. (2002). Understanding self-report bias in organizational behavior research. Journal of Business and Psychology, 17(2), 245–260. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019637632584
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson, S. I., Heshmati, S., Lee, J. Y., & Donaldson, S. I. (2021). Examining building blocks of well-being beyond PERMA and self-report bias. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 0(0), 1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Donaldson, S. I., Lee, J. Y., & Donaldson, S. I. (2019). Evaluating positive psychology interventions at work: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 4(3), 113–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-019-00021-8
   Google Scholar
• Donaldson, S. I., Van Zyl, L. E., & Donaldson, S. I. (2022). PERMA+4: A framework for work-related wellbeing, performance and positive organizational psychology 2.0. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.817244
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreer, B. (2021). Teachers’ well-being and job satisfaction: The important role of positive emotions in the workplace. Educational Studies, 0(0), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2021.1940872
   Google Scholar
• Education Bureau HKSAR The Hong Kong Institute of Education. (2010, November). Workshop on ‘application of the assessment program for affective and social outcomes (2nd version)’ training handout (for primary schools). https://www.edb.gov.hk/en/sch-admin/sch-quality-assurance/performance-indicators/apaso2/archive.html
   Google Scholar
• Falter, M., & Hadwich, K. (2020). Customer service well-being: Scale development and validation. The Service Industries Journal, 40(1–2), 181–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2019.1652599
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faran, M., Akram, S., Tahir, N., & Malik, F. (2021). Uses of music and flourish: Mediating role of emotion regulation in university students. Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 31(2), 25–45.
   Google Scholar
• The Flourishing Center. (n.d). Certificate in applied positive psychology. https://theflourishingcenter.com/capp/
   Google Scholar
• Furchtlehner, L. M., Schuster, R., & Laireiter, A. R. (2020). A comparative study of the efficacy of group positive psychotherapy and group cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of depressive disorders: A randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 15(6), 832–845.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagné M. (2003). Motivation and Emotion, 27(3), 199–223. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025007614869
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gander, F., Proyer, R. T., & Ruch, W. (2016). Positive psychology interventions addressing pleasure, engagement, meaning, positive relationships, and accomplishment increase well-being and ameliorate depressive symptoms: A randomized, placebo-controlled online study. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00686
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gander, F., Proyer, R. T., & Ruch, W. (2017). The subjective assessment of accomplishment and positive relationships: Initial validation and correlative and experimental evidence for their association with well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(3), 743–764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9751-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gander, F., Wagner, L., Amann, L., & Ruch, W. (2021). What are character strengths good for? A daily diary study on character strengths enactment. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 0(0), 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Giangrasso, B. (2021). Psychometric properties of the PERMA-profiler as hedonic and eudaimonic well-being measure in an Italian context. Current Psychology, 40(3), 1175–1184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-0040-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goh, P. S., Goh, Y. W., Jeevanandam, L., Nyolczas, Z., Kun, A., Watanabe, Y., Noro, I., Wang, R., & Jiang, J. (2021). Be happy to be successful: A mediational model of PERMA variables. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 60(3), 632–657. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12283
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gokilapriya, S., & Annalakshmi, N. (2021). Socio-demographics, happiness, flourishing, and life satisfaction among transgenders. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(4), 351–361.
   Google Scholar
• Goodman, F. R., Disabato, D. J., Kashdan, T. B., & Kauffman, S. B. (2018). Measuring well-being: A comparison of subjective well-being and PERMA. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 321–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1388434
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, A. M., & Atad, O. I. (2021). Coaching psychology interventions vs. positive psychology interventions: The measurable benefits of a coaching relationship. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 0(0), 1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Grenawalt, T. A., Umucu, E., Reyes, A., Baylin, A., Strauser, D. R., Tansey, T. N., & Wagner, S. (2021). Psychometric validation of the PERMA-profiler as a well-being measure for young adult survivors of pediatric central nervous system tumor. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 65(4), 255–265. https://doi.org/10.1177/00343552211025509
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gyollai, A., Simor, P., K€oteles, F., & Demetrovics, Z. (2011). Psychometric properties of the Hungarian version of the original and the short form of the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS). Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica: A Magyar Pszichofarmakologiai Egyesulet Lapja = Official Journal of the Hungarian Association of Psychopharmacology, 13(2), 73–79.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hernández-Vergel, V., Prada-Núñez, R., & Hernández-Suárez, C. A. (2018). Adaptación del perfil PERMA de bienestar subjetivo para adultos mayores institucionalizados colombianos. Rev. cienc. cuidad, 15(1), 83. https://doi.org/10.22463/17949831.1235
   Google Scholar
• Heshmati, S., Oravecz, Z., Brick, T. R., & Roeser, R. W. (2020). Assessing psychological well-being in early adulthood: Empirical evidence for the structure of daily well-being via network analysis. Applied Developmental Science, 26(2), 207–225.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heutte, J., Fenouillet, F., Boniwell, I., Martin-Krumm, C., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014, October). Optimal learning experience in digital environments: Theoretical concepts, measure and modelisation [Conference paper]. Symposium Digital Learning in 21st Century Universities at Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA.
   Google Scholar
• Hidayat, R., Habibi, A., Mohd Saad, M. R., Mukminin, A., & Wan Idris, W. I. (2019). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of PERMA for Indonesian students in mathematics education programmes. Pedagogika, 132(4), 147–165. https://doi.org/10.15823/p.2018.132.9
   Google Scholar
• Jimenez, W. P., Hu, X., Garden, R., & Xie, X. (2021). Toward a more PERMA(nent) conceptualization of worker well-being? A cross-cultural study of the workplace PERMA profiler. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 21(2), 94–100. https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000288
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kern, M. L. (2014). The Workplace PERMA Profiler. http://www.peggykern.org/uploads/5/6/6/7/56678211/workplace_perma_profiler_102014.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kern, M. L., Benson, L., Steinberg, E. A., & Steinberg, L. (2016). The EPOCH measure of adolescent well-being. Psychological Assessment, 28(5), 586–597. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kern, M. L., Waters, L., Adler, A., & White, M. (2014). Assessing employee wellbeing in schools using a multifaceted approach: Associations with physical health, life satisfaction, and professional thriving. Psychology, 5(6), 500–513. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2014.56060
   Google Scholar
• Kern, M. L., Waters, L. E., Adler, A., & White, M. A. (2015). A multidimensional approach to measuring well-being in students: Application of the PERMA framework. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(3), 262–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.936962
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keyes, C. L. M. (1998). Social well-being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61(2), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.2307/2787065
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korinek, A. W., & Arredondo, R., Jr. (2004). The spiritual health inventory (SHI) assessment of an instrument for measuring spiritual health in a substance abusing population. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 22(2), 55–66. https://doi.org/10.1300/J020v22n02_05
   Google Scholar
• Kun, Á., Balogh, P., & Krasz, K. G. (2017). Development of the work-related well-being questionnaire based on seligman’s PERMA model. Periodica Polytechnica: Social & Management Sciences, 25(1), 56–63. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPso.9326
   Google Scholar
• Kun, A., & Gadanecz, P. (2022). Workplace happiness, well-being and their relationship with psychological capital: A study of Hungarian teachers. Current Psychology, 41(1), 185–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00550-0
   Google Scholar
• Lai, M. K., Leung, C., Kwok, S. Y. C., Hui, A. N. N., Lo, H. H. M., Leung, J. T. Y., & Tam, C. H. L. (2018). A multidimensional PERMA-H positive education model, general satisfaction of school life, and character strengths use in Hong Kong senior primary school students: Confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis using the APASO-II. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01090
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakioti, A., Stalikas, A., & Pezirkianidis, C. (2020). The role of personal, professional, and psychological factors in therapists’ resilience. Professional Psychology, Research and Practice, 51(6), 560–570. https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000306
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert, L., Passmore, H. A., & Joshanloo, M. (2019). A positive psychology intervention program in a culturally-diverse university: Boosting happiness and reducing fear. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(4), 1141–1162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-9993-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurent, J., Catanzaro, S. J., Joiner, T. E., Jr., Rudolph, K. D., Potter, K. I., Lambert, S., Osborne, L., & Gathright, T. (1999). A measure of positive and negative affect for children: Scale development and preliminary validation. Psychological Assessment, 11(3), 326–338. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.11.3.326
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B. (1995). Measuring belongingness: The social connectedness and the social assurance scales. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42(2), 232–241. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.42.2.232
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., Schmidt, J., Brenner, B., Lyons, H., & Treistman, D. (2003). Relation of contextual supports and barriers to choice behavior in engineering majors: Test of alternative social cognitive models. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50(4), 458–465. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.50.4.458
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leontopoulou, S. (2020). Measuring well-being in emerging adults: Exploring the PERMA framework for positive youth development. Psychology, 25(1), 72. https://doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.25337
   Google Scholar
• Luo, L., Li, Y., Zhou, Z., Yang, S., Qin, Y., Peng, H., Wang, Y., Li, Z., Yin, T., & Che, H. (2022). Study on the effect of positive psychological intervention based on PERMA model on perioperative patients with AIDS complicated with breast cancer. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, 2022, e9788122. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9788122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46(2), 137–155. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006824100041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makin, P., Allen, R., Carson, J., Bush, S., & Merrifield, B. (2021). Light at the end of the bottle: Flourishing in people recovering from alcohol problems. Journal of Substance Use, 27(1), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/14659891.2021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin-Krumm, C., Fenouillet, F., Csillik, A., Kern, L., Besançon, M., Heutte, J., Paquet, Y., Delas, Y., Trousselard, M., Lecorre, B., & Diener, E. (2018). Changes in emotions from childhood to young adulthood. Child Indicators Research, 11(2), 541–561. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-016-9440-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May, D. R., Gilson, R. L., & Harter, L. M. (2004). The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(1), 11–37. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317904322915892
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirehie, M., & Gibson, H. J. (2020). The relationship between female snow-sport tourists’ travel behaviors and well-being. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33, 100613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.100613
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, P. H., Powell, L., Blumenthal, J., Norten, J., Ironson, G., Pitula, C. R., Froelicher, E. S., Czajkowski, S., Youngblood, M., Huber, M., & Berkman, L. F. (2003). A short social support measure for patients recovering from myocardial infarction: The ENRICHD social support inventory. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, 23(6), 398–403. https://doi.org/10.1097/00008483-200311000-00001
   Google Scholar
• Nasser, N., & Fakhroo, H. (2021). An investigation of the self-perceived well-being determinants: Empirical evidence from Qatar. SAGE Open, 11(2), 21582440211008456. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211008458
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumeier, L. M., Brook, L., Ditchburn, G., & Sckopke, P. (2017). Delivering your daily dose of well-being to the workplace: A randomized controlled trial of an online well-being programme for employees. European Journal of Work & Organizational Psychology, 26(4), 555–573. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2017.1320281
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norrish, J. M., Williams, P., O’Connor, M., & Robinson, J. (2013). An applied framework for positive education. International Journal of Wellbeing, 3(2), 147–161.
   Google Scholar
• Payoun, M., Fadayevatan, R., Lotfi, M. S., & Foroughan, M. (2020). Psychometric properties of the Persian version of PERMA-profiler: A tool to assess flourishing in Iranian older adults. Успехи геронтологии, 33(3), 576–584. https://doi.org/10.34922/AE.2020.33.3.021
   Google Scholar
• Pezirkianidis, C., Stalikas, A., Lakioti, A., & Yotsidi, V. (2021). Validating a multidimensional measure of wellbeing in Greece: Translation, factor structure, and measurement invariance of the PERMA profiler. Current Psychology: A Journal for Diverse Perspectives on Diverse Psychological Issues, 40(6), 3030–3047. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00236-7
   Google Scholar
• Pourfakhimi, S., Nadim, Z., Prayag, G., & Mulcahy, R. (2021). The influence of neophobia and enduring food involvement on travelers’ perceptions of wellbeing—evidence from international visitors to Iran. International Journal of Tourism Research, 23(2), 178–191. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2391
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashid, T., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2013). Positive psychotherapy: A treatment manual. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Roseth, N. E. (2019). Features of university environments that support well-being as perceived by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning undergraduate music and art students. Journal of Research in Music Education, 67(2), 171–192. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022429418825146
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruch, W., Harzer, C., Proyer, R. T., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2010a). Ways to happiness in German-speaking countries: The adaptation of the German version of the orientations to happiness questionnaire in paper-pencil and internet samples. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26(3), 227–234. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruch, W., Proyer, R. T., Harzer, C., Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. (2010b). Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS). Journal of Individual Differences, 31(3), 138–149. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 3(1), 71–92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326
   Google Scholar
• Seligman, M. (2011). Flourish. Simon & Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Seligman, M. (2018). PERMA and the building blocks of well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 333–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018.1437466
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. The American Psychologist, 55(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seligman, M. E. P., Rashid, T., & Parks, A. C. (2006). Positive psychotherapy. The American Psychologist, 61(8), 774–788. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.61.8.774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro, J., & Donaldson, S. I. (2022). The leader vitality scale: Development, psychometric assessment, and validation. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.884672
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoshani, A. (2021). Transcending the reality of war and conflict: Effects of a positive psychology school-based program on adolescents’ mental health, compassion and hopes for peace. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 16(4), 465–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1752778
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoshani, A., Steinmetz, S., & Kanat-Maymon, Y. (2016). Effects of the Maytiv positive psychology school program on early adolescents' well-being, engagement, and achievement. Journal of School Psychology, 57, 73–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2016.05.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, K., & Raina, M. (2020). Demographic correlates and validation of PERMA and WEMWBS scales in Indian adolescents. Child Indicators Research, 13(4), 1175–1186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-019-09655-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., & Kaler, M. (2006). The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(1), 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.80
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tansey, T. N., Smedema, S., Umucu, E., Iwanaga, K., Wu, J. -R., Cardoso, E. S., & Strauser, D. (2018). Assessing college life adjustment of students with disabilities: Application of the PERMA framework. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 61(3), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0034355217702136
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trigg, J. (2021). Examining the role of pets in cancer survivors’ physical and mental wellbeing. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 40(6), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2021.1936337
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tu, M., Wang, F., Shen, S., Wang, H., & Feng, J. (2021). Influences of psychological intervention on negative emotion, cancer-related fatigue and level of hope in lung cancer chemotherapy patients based on the PERMA framework. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 50(4), 728–736. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v50i4.5997
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umucu, E., Lee, B., Iwanaga, K., Kosyluk, K., Blake, J., Bezyak, J., & Chan, F. (2021a). Relationships between positive human traits and PERMA (positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishments) in student veterans with and without disabilities: A canonical correlation analysis. Rehabilitation Research, Policy, and Education, 35(3), 238–247. https://doi.org/10.1891/RE-21-09
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umucu, E., Villegas, D., Viramontes, R., Jung, H., & Lee, B. (2021b). Measuring grit in veterans with mental illnesses: Examining the model structure of grit. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 44(1), 87–92. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umucu, E., Wu, J. -R., Sanchez, J., Brooks, J. M., Chiu, C. Y., Tu, W. M., & Chan, F. (2020). Psychometric validation of the PERMA-profiler as a well-being measure for student veterans. Journal of American College Health, 68(3), 271–277. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1546182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van den Broeck, A., Vansteenkiste, M., De Witte, H., Soenens, B., & Lens, W. (2010). Capturing autonomy, competence, and relatedness at work: Construction and initial validation of the work‐related basic need satisfaction scale. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(4), 981–1002. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317909X481382
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Katwyk, P. T., Fox, S., Spector, P. E., & Kelloway, E. K. (2000). Using the job-related affective well-being scale (JAWS) to investigate affective responses to work stressors. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(2), 219–230. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.5.2.219
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wammerl, M., Jaunig, J., Mairunteregger, T., & Streit, P. (2019). The German version of the PERMA-profiler: Evidence for construct and convergent validity of the PERMA theory of well-being in German speaking countries. Journal of Well-Being Assessment, 3(2–3), 75–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41543-019-00021-0
   Google Scholar
• Watanabe, K., Kawakami, N., Shiotani, T., Adachi, H., Matsumoto, K., Imamura, K., Matsumoto, K., Yamagami, F., Fusejima, A., Muraoka, T., Kagami, T., Shimazu, A., & Kern, M. L. (2018). The Japanese workplace PERMA-profiler: A validation study among Japanese workers. Journal of Occupational Health, 60(5), 383–393. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.2018-0050-OA
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, L., & Mohd, R. B. S. (2021). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of PERMA for Chinese university EFL students in higher education. International Journal of Language Education, 5(2), 51–62. https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v5i2.16837
   Google Scholar
• Yang, C. C., Watanabe, K., & Kawakami, N. (2021). The associations between job strain, workplace PERMA profiler, and work engagement. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 64(5), 409–415. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000002455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar