77
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Current usage of long-acting insulin analogs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

ORCID Icon &
Pages 155-161 | Received 21 Aug 2023, Accepted 15 Feb 2024, Published online: 20 Feb 2024

References

  • Banting F, Best C, Collip J, et al. Pancreatic extracts in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. 1956;5(1):69–71. doi: 10.2337/diab.5.1.69
  • Heise T, Mathieu C. Impact of the mode of protraction of basal insulin therapies on their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and resulting clinical outcomes. Diabetes Obesity Metab. 2017;19(1):3–12. doi: 10.1111/dom.12782
  • Pandyarajan V, Weiss MA. Design of non-standard insulin analogs for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Curr Diab Rep. 2012;12(6):697–704. doi: 10.1007/s11892-012-0318-z
  • Pettus J, Santos Cavaiola T, Tamborlane WV, et al. The past, present, and future of basal insulins. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2016;32(6):478–496. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.2763
  • Hirsch IB, Juneja R, Beals JM, et al. The evolution of insulin and how it informs therapy and treatment choices. Endocrine Reviews. 2020;41(5):733–755. doi: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa015
  • Sinha VP, Choi SL, Soon DKW, et al. Single‐dose pharmacokinetics and glucodynamics of the novel, long‐acting basal insulin LY2605541 in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;54(7):792–799. doi: 10.1002/jcph.276
  • Sharplin P, Gordon J, Peters JR, et al. Improved glycaemic control by switching from insulin NPH to insulin glargine: a retrospective observational study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2009;8(1):1–8. doi: 10.1186/1475-2840-8-3
  • Riddle MC, Rosenstock J, Gerich J, et al. The treat-to-target trial: randomized addition of glargine or human NPH insulin to oral therapy of type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(11):3080–3086. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.11.3080
  • Heller S, Koenen C, Bode B. Comparison of insulin detemir and insulin glargine in a basal-bolus regimen, with insulin aspart as the mealtime insulin, in patients with type 1 diabetes: a 52-week, multinational, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, treat-to-target noninferiority trial. Clin Ther. 2009;31(10):2086–2097. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.10.006
  • Hollander P, Cooper J, Bregnhøj J, et al. A 52-week, multinational, open-label, parallel-group, noninferiority, treat-to-target trial comparing insulin detemir with insulin glargine in a basal-bolus regimen with mealtime insulin aspart in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Ther. 2008;30(11):1976–1987. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.11.001
  • Heise T, Pieber T. Towards peakless, reproducible and long‐acting insulins. An assessment of the basal analogues based on isoglycaemic clamp studies. Diabetes Obesity Metab. 2007;9(5):648–659. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2007.00756.x
  • Ashwell S, Gebbie J, Home P. Twice‐daily compared with once‐daily insulin glargine in people with type 1 diabetes using meal‐time insulin aspart. Diabetic Med. 2006;23(8):879–886. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01913.x
  • Klein O, Lynge J, Endahl L, et al. Albumin‐bound basal insulin analogues (insulin detemir and NN344): comparable time‐action profiles but less variability than insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obesity Metab. 2007;9(3):290–299. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2006.00685.x
  • Porcellati F, Rossetti P, Ricci NB, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the long-acting insulin analog glargine after 1 week of use compared with its first administration in subjects with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(5):1261–1263. doi: 10.2337/dc06-2208
  • Albright ES, Desmond R, Bell DS. Efficacy of conversion from bedtime NPH insulin injection to once-or twice-daily injections of insulin glargine in type 1 diabetic patients using basal/bolus therapy. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(2):632–633. doi: 10.2337/diacare.27.2.632
  • Devries J, Nattrass M, Pieber T. Refining basal insulin therapy: what have we learned in the age of analogues? Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2007;23(6):441–454. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.762
  • Becker RH, Dahmen R, Bergmann K, et al. New insulin glargine 300 units· mL− 1 provides a more even activity profile and prolonged glycemic control at steady state compared with insulin glargine 100 units· mL−1. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(4):637–643. doi: 10.2337/dc14-0006
  • Heise T, Meneghini LF. Insulin stacking versus therapeutic accumulation: understanding the differences. Endocr Pract. 2014;20(1):75–83. doi: 10.4158/EP13090.RA
  • Owens DR. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin glargine 300 U/mL in the treatment of diabetes and their clinical relevance. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2016;12(8):977–987. doi: 10.1080/17425255.2016.1202916
  • Anderson JE. Innovations in insulin: insulin glargine U-300. J Fam Pract. 2016;65(10):S23–S23.
  • Shiramoto M, Eto T, Irie S, et al. Single‐dose new insulin glargine 300 U/ml provides prolonged, stable glycaemic control in Japanese and European people with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obesity Metab. 2015;17(3):254–260. doi: 10.1111/dom.12415
  • Tillner J, Bergmann K, Teichert L, et al. Euglycemic clamp profile of new insulin glargine U300 formulation in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is different from glargine U100 (abstract). Diabetes. 2013;62:A920–P.
  • Fala L Toujeo (insulin glargine) U-300 approved to improve glycemic control in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. [cited 2023 Jul]. Available from: http://www.insidepatientcare.com/issues/2015/september-2015-vol-3-no-9/254-toujeo-insulin-glargine-u-300-approved-to-improve-glycemic-control-in-adults-with-type-1-and-type-2-diabetes
  • Goldenberg R, Yki-Järvinen H, Bergenstal RM, et al. Less nocturnal hypoglycemia and weight gain with New Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL compared with 100 U/mL: 1-year results in people with T2DM using basal Insulin with OADs (EDITION 2). Can J Diabetes. 2014;38(5):S5. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2014.07.013
  • Riddle MC, Bolli GB, Ziemen M, et al. New insulin glargine 300 units/mL versus glargine 100 units/mL in people with type 2 diabetes using basal and mealtime insulin: glucose control and hypoglycemia in a 6-month randomized controlled trial (EDITION 1). Diabetes Care. 2014;37(10):2755–2762. doi: 10.2337/dc14-0991
  • Rosselli JL, Archer SN, Lindley NK, et al. U300 insulin glargine: a novel basal insulin for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. J Pharm Technol. 2015;31(5):234–242. doi: 10.1177/8755122515584193
  • Terauchi Y, Koyama M, Cheng X, et al. New insulin glargine 300 U/ml versus glargine 100 U/ml in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes using basal insulin and oral antihyperglycaemic drugs: glucose control and hypoglycaemia in a randomized controlled trial (EDITION JP 2). Diabetes Obesity Metab. 2016;18(4):366–374. doi: 10.1111/dom.12618
  • Yki-Järvinen H, Bergenstal R, Ziemen M, et al. New insulin glargine 300 units/mL versus glargine 100 units/mL in people with type 2 diabetes using oral agents and basal insulin: glucose control and hypoglycemia in a 6-month randomized controlled trial (EDITION 2). Diabetes Care. 2014;37(12):3235–3243. doi: 10.2337/dc14-0990
  • Kurtzhals P. Engineering predictability and protraction in a basal insulin analogue: the pharmacology of insulin detemir. Int J Obesity. 2004;28(2):S23–S28. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802746
  • Cheng AY, Patel DK, Reid TS, et al. Differentiating basal insulin preparations: understanding how they work explains why they are different. Adv Ther. 2019;36(5):1018–1030. doi: 10.1007/s12325-019-00925-6
  • Chun J, Strong J, Urquhart S. Insulin initiation and titration in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Spectr. 2019;32(2):104–111. doi: 10.2337/ds18-0005
  • Home P. The evolution of insulin therapy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021;175:108816. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108816
  • Bartley P, Bogoev M, Larsen J, et al. Long‐term efficacy and safety of insulin detemir compared to neutral protamine hagedorn insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes using a treat‐to‐target basal–bolus regimen with insulin aspart at meals: a 2‐year, randomized, controlled trial. Diabetic Med. 2008;25(4):442–449. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02407.x
  • Kølendorf K, Ross G, Pavlic‐Renar I, et al. Insulin detemir lowers the risk of hypoglycaemia and provides more consistent plasma glucose levels compared with NPH insulin in type 1 diabetes. Diabetic Med. 2006;23(7):729–735. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01862.x
  • Vague P, Selam J-L, Skeie S, et al. Insulin detemir is associated with more predictable glycemic control and reduced risk of hypoglycemia than NPH insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes on a basal-bolus regimen with premeal insulin aspart. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(3):590–596. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.3.590
  • Hermansen K, Fontaine P, Kukolja K, et al. Insulin analogues (insulin detemir and insulin aspart) versus traditional human insulins (NPH insulin and regular human insulin) in basal-bolus therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2004;47(4):622–629. doi: 10.1007/s00125-004-1365-z
  • Rezaei S, Taheri A, Taheri S, et al. Efficacy and safety of insulin detemir versus glargine in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2022 Jun;15(6):767–777.
  • Crisher MA, Giuliano CA, Hartner CL. Insulin Detemir Versus Insulin Glargine in the Hospital: Do Hypoglycemia Rates Differ? Clin Diabetes. 2019 Apr;37(2):167–171. doi: 10.2337/cd18-0065
  • Hodish I. Insulin therapy, weight gain and prognosis. Diab Obes Metab. 2018 Sep;20(9):2085–2092. doi: 10.1111/dom.13367
  • Adler AI, Stratton IM, Neil HAW, et al. Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36): prospective observational study. BMJ. 2000;321(7258):412–419. doi: 10.1136/bmj.321.7258.412
  • Pieber TR, Plank J, Goerzer E, et al. Duration of action, pharmacodynamic profile and between-subject variability of insulin detemir in subjects with type 1 diabetes (abstract). Diabetologia. 2002;45:A257.
  • Rosenstock J, Davies M, Home P, et al. A randomised, 52-week, treat-to-target trial comparing insulin detemir with insulin glargine when administered as add-on to glucose-lowering drugs in insulin-naive people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2008;51(3):408–416. doi: 10.1007/s00125-007-0911-x
  • Pieber T, Trechel H, Hopmpsecht B, et al. Comparison of insulin detemir and insulin glargine in subjects with type 1 diabetes using intensive insulin therapy. Clinical Diabetology. 2007;8(7):270–279. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02113.x
  • Athanasiadou KI, Paschou SA, Stamatopoulos T. et al. Safety and efficacy of insulin detemir versus NPH in the treatment of diabetes during pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabet Res Clin Pract. 2022 Aug;190:110020.
  • Toledano Y, Hadar E, Hod M. Safety of insulin analogues as compared with human insulin in pregnancy. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2016;15(7):963–973. doi: 10.1080/14740338.2016.1182153
  • Jonassen I, Havelund S, Hoeg-Jensen T, et al. Design of the novel protraction mechanism of insulin degludec, an ultra-long-acting basal insulin. Pharm Res. 2012;29(8):2104–2114. doi: 10.1007/s11095-012-0739-z
  • Jonassen I J, Havelund S, Ribel U, et al. Insulin degludec is a new generation ultralong acting basal insulin with a unique mechanism of protraction based on multihexamer formation (abstract). Diabetes. 2010;59(Suppl. 1):A11.
  • Aso Y, Suzuki K, Chiba Y, et al. Effect of insulin degludec versus insulin glargine on glycemic control and daily fasting blood glucose variability in insulin-naïve Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: I’D GOT trial. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;130:237–243. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.06.007
  • Heise T, Kaplan K, Haahr HL. Day-to-day and within-day variability in glucose-lowering effect between insulin degludec and insulin glargine (100 U/mL and 300 U/mL): a comparison across studies. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2018;12(2):356–363. doi: 10.1177/1932296817731422
  • Iga R, Uchino H, Kanazawa K, et al. Glycemic variability in type 1 diabetes compared with degludec and glargine on the morning injection: an open-label randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Therapy. 2017;8(4):783–792. doi: 10.1007/s13300-017-0269-0
  • Nakamura T, Sakaguchi K, So A, et al. Effects of insulin degludec and insulin glargine on day-to-day fasting plasma glucose variability in individuals with type 1 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, crossover study. Diabetologia. 2015;58(9):2013–2019. doi: 10.1007/s00125-015-3648-y
  • Battelino T, Danne T, Edelman SV, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring-based time-in-range using insulin glargine 300 units/ml versus insulin degludec 100 units/ml in type 1 diabetes: the head-to-head randomized controlled InRange trial. Diab Obes Metab. 2023 Feb;25(2):545–555.
  • Lucidi P, Candeloro P, Cioli P, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic head-to-head comparison of clinical, equivalent doses of insulin glargine 300 units· mL− 1 and insulin degludec 100 units· mL− 1 in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(1):125–132. doi: 10.2337/dc20-1033
  • Marso SP, McGuire DK, Zinman B, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Degludec versus Glargine in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017 Aug 24;377(8):723–732. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1615692
  • Philis-Tsimikas A, Klonoff DC, Khunti K, et al. Risk of hypoglycaemia with insulin degludec versus insulin glargine U300 in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: the randomised, head-to-head CONCLUDE trial. Diabetologia. 2020 Apr;63(4):698–710.
  • Yang Y, Long C, Li T, et al. Insulin degludec versus insulin glargine on glycemic variability in diabetic patients: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:890090. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.890090
  • Martin ZY, Takagi T, Takagi T, et al. Safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of insulin degludec U100 versus insulin glargine U300 in adults with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and indirect treatment comparison. Int J Clin Pharm. 2022 Jun;44(3):587–598.
  • Mathiesen ER, Alibegovic AC, Corcoy R, et al. Insulin degludec versus insulin detemir, both in combination with insulin aspart, in the treatment of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (EXPECT): an open‑label, multinational, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023;11(2):86–95. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00307-2
  • Singh AK, Singh A, Singh R, et al. Once-weekly basal insulin icodec: looking ONWARDS from pharmacology to clinical trials. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2022;16(9):102615. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102615
  • Hövelmann U, Brøndsted L, Kristensen NR, et al. 237-OR: insulin icodec: an insulin analog suited for once-weekly dosing in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2020;69(Supplement_1):237–OR. doi: 10.2337/db20-237-OR
  • Nishimura E, Pridal L, Glendorf T, et al. Molecular and pharmacological characterization of insulin icodec: a new basal insulin analog designed for once-weekly dosing. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2021;9(1):e002301. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002301
  • Bue-Valleskey JM, Kazda CM, Ma C, et al. Once-weekly basal insulin fc demonstrated similar glycemic control to once-daily insulin degludec in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes: a phase 2 randomized control trial. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(5):1060–1067. doi: 10.2337/dc22-2396
  • Philis-Tsimikas A, Bajaj HS, Begtrup K, et al. Rationale and design of the phase 3a development programme (ONWARDS 1-6 trials) investigating once-weekly insulin icodec in diabetes. Diab Obes Metab. 2023 Feb;25(2):331–341. doi: 10.1111/dom.14871

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.