Effects of dietary-reduced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on N and P balance, retention and nutrient digestibility of contemporary fattening pigs fed ad libitum

References

• Aarnink A, Verstegen M. 2007. Nutrition, key factor to reduce environmental load from pig production. Livest Sci. 109:194–203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aderibigbe A, Ajuwon K, Adeola O. 2021. Digestibility of phosphorus in growing pigs as influenced by source and concentration of dietary phosphorus and collection site. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 105:1046–1055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumgärtel T, Metzler BU, Mosenthin R, Greiner R, Rodehutscord M. 2008. Precaecal and postileal metabolism of P, Ca and N in pigs as affected by different carbohydrate sources fed at low level of P intake. Arch Anim Nutr. 62:169–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [BMEL] Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft. 2017a. Verordnung über den Umgang mit Nährstoffen im Betrieb und betriebliche Stoffstrombilanzen (Stoffstrombilanzverordnung - StoffBilV).
   Google Scholar
• [BMEL] Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft. 2017b. Verordnung über die Anwendung von Düngemitteln, Bodenhilfsstoffen, Kultursubstraten und Pflanzenhilfsmitteln nach den Grundsätzen der guten fachlichen Praxis beim Düngen (Düngeverordnung - DüV).
   Google Scholar
• [BMEL] Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft. 2020. Umweltbericht im Rahmen der Strategischen Umweltprüfung: Änderung des nationalen Aktionsprogramms zum Schutz der Gewässer vor Verunreinigung durch Nitrat aus landwirtschaftlichen Quellen – Änderung des düngungsbezogenen Teilprogramms (Düngeverordnung).
   Google Scholar
• Cappelaere L, Le Cour Grandmaison J, Martin N, Lambert W. 2021. Amino acid supplementation to reduce environmental impacts of broiler and pig production: a review. Front Vet Sci. 8:689259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cappelaere L, Van Milgen J, Syriopoulos K, Simongiovanni A, Lambert W. 2021. Quantifying benefits of reducing dietary crude protein on nitrogen emissions of fattening pigs: a meta-analysis. Journées de la Recherche Porcine. 53:323–328.
   Google Scholar
• Cordell D, Drangert J-O, White S. 2009. The story of phosphorus: global food security and food for thought. Glob Environ Chan. 19:292–305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Council Directive 91/676/EEC. 1991. Council Directive of 12 December 1991 concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources (91/676/EEC). Off J Eur Union. L375.
   Google Scholar
• Daniel TC, Sharpley AN, Lemunyon JL. 1998. Agricultural phosphorus and eutrophication: a symposium overview. J Environ Qual. 27:251–257.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [DLG] Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft. 2019. Leitfaden zur nachvollziehbaren Umsetzung stark N-/P-reduzierter Fütterungsverfahren bei Schweinen: DLG-Merkblatt 418. 4. überarbeitete Auflage. Frankfurt am Main: DLG e. V.
   Google Scholar
• Dourmad J-Y, Jondreville C. 2007. Impact of nutrition on nitrogen, phosphorus, Cu and Zn in pig manure, and on emissions of ammonia and odours. Livest Sci. 112:192–198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eeckhout W, De Paepe M. 1994. Total phosphorus, phytate-phosphorus and phytase activity in plant feedstuffs. Ani Feed Sci Tech. 47:19–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esteves LAC, Monteiro ANTR, Sitanaka NY, Oliveira PC, Castilha LD, Paula VRC, Pozza PC. 2021. The reduction of crude protein with the supplementation of amino acids in the diet reduces the environmental impact of growing pigs production evaluated through life cycle assessment. Sustainability. 13:4815.
   Google Scholar
• Friggemann A, Stalljohann G, Hummel J. 2019. Erfahrungen bei der Umsetzung der sehr stark N-/P-reduzierten Mastschweinefütterung. Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen der Praxis in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Forum angewandte Forschung in der Rinder- und Schweinefütterung. 186–189.
   Google Scholar
• Gatel F, Grosjean F. 1992. Effect of protein content of the diet on nitrogen excretion by pigs. Livest Prod Sci. 31:109–120.
   Google Scholar
• Geicsnek-Koltay IA, Benedek Z, Baranyai NH, Such N, Pál L, Wágner L, Bartos Á, Kovács Á, Poór J, Dublecz K. 2022. Impacts of age, genotype and feeding low-protein diets on the N-Balance parameters of fattening pigs. Agriculture. 12:94.
   Google Scholar
• [GfE] Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie. 2006. Empfehlungen zur Energie- und Nährstoffversorgung von Schweinen. Frankfurt am Main (Germany): DLG-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• [GfE] Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie. 2008. Prediction of metabolisable energy of compound feeds for pigs. Proc Soc Nutr Physiol; Göttingen, Germany. 17:199–204.
   Google Scholar
• Haude I. 2003. Untersuchungen zu Auswirkungen einer unterschiedlichen Threoninversorgung von Mastschweinen auf N-Bilanz, Zusammensetzung des Ansatzes sowie die Leistung (Zunahmen, Energieaufwand) [ Dissertation]. Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover.
   Google Scholar
• Jendza JA, Dilger RN, Adedokun SA, Sands JS, Adeola O. 2005. Escherichia coli phytase improves growth performance of starter, grower, and finisher pigs fed phosphorus-deficient diets. J Anim Sci. 83:1882–1889.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jongbloed AW. 1987. Phosphorus in the feeding of pigs: effect of diet on the absorption and retention of phosphorus by growing pigs [ Dissertation]. Landbouwuniversiteit te Wageningen.
   Google Scholar
• Jongbloed AW, Lenis NP. 1992. Alteration of nutrition as a means to reduce environmental pollution by pigs. Livest Prod Sci. 32:75–94.
   Google Scholar
• Kirchgeßner M, Stangl GI, Schwarz FJ, Roth FX. 2014. Tierernährung: Leitfaden für Studium, Beratung und Praxis. 14., aktualisierte Aufl. Frankfurt/Main: DLG-Verlag GmbH.
   Google Scholar
• Kratz R. 2003. Einfluss verschiedener Fettquellen in der Ernährung von Schweinen unterschiedlicher Genetik auf den Protein- und Lipidansatz, das Fettsäurenmuster verschiedener Teilstücke und die Fleischbeschaffenheit [ Dissertation]. Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
   Google Scholar
• Kühn I, Männer K. 2012. Performance and apparent total tract phosphorus and calcium digestibility in grower-finisher pigs fed diets with and without phytase. J Anim Sci. 90:143–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen. 2021. Faltblatt Daten zur Mastschweinefütterung. Webcode: 01042141.
   Google Scholar
• Lautrou M, Cappelaere L, Létourneau Montminy M-P. 2022. Phosphorus and nitrogen nutrition in swine production. Anim Front. 12:23–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lütke-Dörhoff M, Schulz J, Westendarp H, Visscher C, Wilkens MR. 2023. Effects of maternal and offspring treatment with two dietary sources of vitamin D on the mineral homeostasis, bone metabolism and locomotion of offspring fed protein- and phosphorus-reduced diets. Arch Anim Nutr. 77:42–57.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Markert W, Kirchgessner M, Roth FX. 1993. Bilanzstudien zur Reduzierung der N-Ausscheidung von Mastschweinen: 1. Optimale Versorgung mit essentiellen Aminosäuren. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 70:159–171.
   Google Scholar
• Merks JW. 2000. One century of genetic changes in pigs and the future needs. BSAP Occas Publ. 27:8–19.
   Google Scholar
• Metges CC, Eberhard M, Petzke KJ. 2006. Synthesis and absorption of intestinal microbial lysine in humans and non-ruminant animals and impact on human estimated average requirement of dietary lysine. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 9:37–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer A, Vogt W. 2019a. Mastleistung bei extrem niedrigen Nährstoffgehalten. Forum Angew Forsch in der Rinder- und Schweinefütterung. 183–186.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer A, Vogt W. 2019b. Welche Leistungen sind mit einer sehr stark N-/P-reduzierten Mastschweinefütterung nach DLG-Vorgaben zu erzielen? Forum angewandte Forschung in der Rinder- und Schweinefütterung. 181–182.
   Google Scholar
• Niu Q, Li P, Hao S, Kim SW, Du T, Hua J, Huang R. 2019. Characteristics of gut microbiota in sows and their relationship with apparent nutrient digestibility. Int J Mol Sci. 20::870–881.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [NRC] National Research Council. 2012. Nutrient requirements of swine. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• Otten C, Berk A, Hagemann L, Müller S, Weber M, Dänicke S. 2013. Effect of varying supply of amino acids on nitrogen retention and growth performance of boars of different sire lines. Arch Anim Breed. 56:751–765.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otto ER, Yokoyama M, Ku PK, Ames NK, Trottier NL. 2003. Nitrogen balance and ileal amino acid digestibility in growing pigs fed diets reduced in protein concentration. J Anim Sci. 81:1743–1753.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Partanen KH, Mroz Z. 1999. Organic acids for performance enhancement in pig diets. Nutr Res Rev. 12:117–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portejoie S, Dourmad JY, Martinez J, Lebreton Y. 2004. Effect of lowering dietary crude protein on nitrogen excretion, manure composition and ammonia emission from fattening pigs. Livest Prod Sci. 91:45–55.
   Google Scholar
• Rodehutscord M, Faust M, Pfeffer E. 1999. The course of phosphorus excretion in growing pigs fed continuously increasing phosphorus concentrations after a phosphorus depletion. Arch Tierernahr. 52:323–334.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Selle PH, Cowieson AJ, Cowieson NP, Ravindran V. 2012. Protein-phytate interactions in pig and poultry nutrition: a reappraisal. Nutr Res Rev. 25:1–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sørensen KU, Tauson A-H, Poulsen HD. 2018. Long term differentiated phosphorus supply from below to above requirement affects nutrient balance and retention, body weight gain and bone growth in growing-finishing pigs. Livest Sci. 211:14–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein HH, Sève B, Fuller MF, Moughan PJ, de Lange CFM. 2007. Invited review: amino acid bioavailability and digestibility in pig feed ingredients: terminology and application. J Anim Sci. 85:172–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torrallardona D, Harris CI, Fuller MF. 2003. Lysine synthesized by the gastrointestinal microflora of pigs is absorbed, mostly in the small intestine. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 284:E1177–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Beek CL, Brouwer L, Oenema O. 2003. The use of farmgate balances and soil surface balances as estimator for nitrogen leaching to surface water. Nutr Cycl Agroecosys. 67:233–244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Peet-Schwering CMC, Verschuren LMG, Hedemann MS, Binnendijk GP, Jansman AJM. 2020. Birth weight affects body protein retention but not nitrogen efficiency in the later life of pigs. J Anim Sci. 98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Wielen N, Moughan PJ, Mensink M. 2017. Amino acid absorption in the large intestine of humans and porcine models. J Nutr. 147:1493–1498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varley PF, Flynn B, Callan JJ, O’Doherty JV. 2011. Effect of crude protein and phosphorus level on growth performance, bone mineralisation and phosphorus, calcium and nitrogen utilisation in grower-finisher pigs. Arch Anim Nutr. 65:134–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [VDLUFA] Verband Deutscher Landwirtschaftlicher Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalten. 2012. VDLUFA-Methodenbuch: Band III Die chemische Untersuchung von Futtermitteln. 3. Auflage. Darmstadt (Germany): VDLUFA-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Walz OP, Pallauf J. 1989. Untersuchung zum Vergleich des Bilanzverfahrens und der Tierkörperanalyse zur Messung des Protein-, Energie- und Mineralstoffansatzes von Aufzuchtferkeln: 1. Mitteilung Methode, Stickstoff- und Energieansatz. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 61:275–288.
   Google Scholar
• Wang H, Long W, Chadwick D, Velthof GL, Oenema O, Ma W, Wang J, Qin W, Hou Y, Zhang F. 2020. Can dietary manipulations improve the productivity of pigs with lower environmental and economic cost? A global meta-analysis. Agr Ecosyst Environ. 289:106748.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams CH, David DJ, Iismaa O. 1962. The determination of chromic oxide in faeces samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. J Agric Sci. 59:381–385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhai H, Adeola O, Liu J. 2022. Phosphorus nutrition of growing pigs. Anim Nutr. 9:127–137.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar