- Buttenschoen K, Berger D, Hiki N, Strecjker W, Seidelmann M, Beger H G. Plasma concentrations of endotoxin and antiendotoxin antibodies in patients with multiple inju-ries: a prospective clincial study. Eur J Surg 1996; 162: 85–60
- Buttenschoen K, Fleisschmann W, Haupt U, Kinzl L, Buttenschoen D C. Translocation of endotoxin and acute-phase proteins in malleolar fractures. Trauma 2000; 48: 241–5
- Champagne C M, Takebe J, Offenbacher S, Cooper L F. Macrophage cell lines produce osteoinductive signals that include bone morphogenic protein-2. Bone 2002; 30: 26–31
- Chiang C Y, Kyritsis G, Graves D T, Amar S. Intereukin-1 and tumor nekrosis factor activities partially account for calvarial bone resorption induced by local injection of lipopolysaccharide. Infect Immun 1999; 67: 423–6
- Danon D, Kowatch M A, Roth G S. Promotion of wound repair in old mice by local injection of macrophages. Proc Natl Sci USA 1998; 86: 2018–20
- Einhorn T A, Majeska R J, Rush E B, Levine P M, Horor-witz M C. The expression of cytokine activity by fracture callus. J Bone Miner Res 1995; 10: 1272–81
- Ekeland A, Engesater L B, Langeland N. Mechanical properties of fractured and intact rat femora evaluated by bending, torsional and tensile tests. Acta Orthop Scand 1981; 52: 605–13
- Engesæther L B, Ekeland A, Langeland N. Methods for testing the mechanical properties of the rat femur. Acta Orthop Scand 1978; 49: 5125–8
- Girasole G, Passeri G, Jilka R L, Manolagas S C. Interleukin 11: a new cytokine critical for osteoclast development. J Clin Invest 1994; 93: 1516–24
- Hiki N, Berger D, Butenschoen K. Endotoxinemia and specific antibody behavior against different endotoxins following multiple injuries. J Trauma 1995; 38: 794–801
- Huynh T, Baker C C, Bracey L W, Lemasters J J. Adaptive Kupffer cell alterations after fracture trauma in rats. Am J Physiol 1997; 272: G1457–62
- Kovacs E J, DiPietro L A. Fibrinogenic cytokines and connective tissue production. FASEJ 1994; 8: 854–6
- Lader C S, Flanagan A M. Prostaglandin E2, interleukin 1 alpha, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha increase human osteoclast formation and boner resorption in vitro. Endocrinology 1998; 139: 3157–64
- Nair S, Meghji P S, Wilson M, Reddi K, White P, Henderson B. Bacterially induced bone destruction: mechanisms and misconceptions. Infect Immun 1996; 64: 2371–80
- Ohlin A, Sjogren U, Lerner U H. Bone resorbing activity released from zymosan-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages- the role of prostanoids and interleukin1. Inflamm Res 1999; 48: 181–92
- Ruetten H, Thiemermann C. Effect of calpain inhibitor I., an inhibitor of the proteolysis of I kappa B., on the circulatory failure and multiple organ dysfunction caused by endotoxin in the rat. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 121: 695–704
- Suda T, Takahashi N, Udagawa N, Jimi E, Gillespie M T, Martin T J. Modulation of osteoclast differentiation and function by the new members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor and ligand families. Endocr Rev 1999; 20: 345–57
- Tobia P S, Gegner J, Tapping R, Orr S, Mathison J, Lee J D, Kravchenko V, Han J, Ulevitch R J. Lipolpolysaccharide dependent cellular activation. J Periodontal Res 1997; 32: 99–103
- Ueda N, Koide M, Ohguchi M, Ishihara Y, Noguchi T, Oka-hashi N, Nishihara T. Involvement of prostagalndin E2 and Interleukin-1 alpha in the differentiation and survival of osteoclasts induced by lipopolysachharide from actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4. J Periodontal Res 1998; 33: 509–16
Acta Orthopaedica
Volume 76, 2005 - Issue 6