Appraising Loftus and Palmer (1974) post-event information versus concurrent commentary in the context of sport

References

• Ben-Gal, I. (2005). Outlier detection. In Data mining and knowledge discovery handbook (pp. 131–146). New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Bracko, M. R., Fellingham, G. W., Hall, L. T., Fisher, A. G., & Cryer, W. (1998). Performance skating characteristics of professional ice hockey forwards. Research in Sports Medicine: An International Journal, 8(3), 251–263.
   Google Scholar
• Bryant, J., Brown, D., Comisky, P. W., & Zillmann, D. (1982). Sports and spectators: Commentary and appreciation. Journal of Communication, 32(1), 109–119. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1982.tb00482.x
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Comisky, P., Bryant, J., & Zillmann, D. (1977). Commentary as a substitute for action. Journal of Communication, 27(3), 150–153. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1977.tb02141.x
   Google Scholar
• DeNeui, D. L., & Sachau, D. A. (1996). Spectator enjoyment of aggression in intercollegiate hockey games. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 20(1), 69–77. doi: 10.1177/019372396020001006
   Google Scholar
• Dixon, K. (2014). The football fan and the pub: An enduring relationship. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 49(3–4), 382–399. doi: 10.1177/1012690213501500
   Google Scholar
• Fitzsimons, G. M., & Kay, A. C. (2004). Language and interpersonal cognition: Causal effects of variations in pronoun usage on perceptions of closeness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(5), 547–557. doi: 10.1177/0146167203262852
   Google Scholar
• Gantz, W., Wang, Z., Paul, B., & Potter, R. F. (2006). Sports versus all comers: Comparing TV sports fans with fans of other programming genres. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 50(1), 95–118. doi: 10.1207/s15506878jobem5001_6
   Google Scholar
• Gernsbacher, M. N., Pew, R. W., Hough, L. M., & Pomerantz, J. R. (2015). Psychology and the real world. New York, NY: Worth Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Hoaglin, D. C., & Iglewicz, B. (1987). Fine-tuning some resistant rules for outlier labeling. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 82(400), 1147–1149. doi: 10.1080/01621459.1987.10478551
   Google Scholar
• Hutchins, B. (2011). The acceleration of media sport culture: Twitter, telepresence and online messaging. Information, Communication & Society, 14(2), 237–257. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2010.508534
   Google Scholar
• Kasin, S., Fein, S., & Markus, H. R. (2014). Social psychology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
   Google Scholar
• Lipscomb, T. J., Bregman, N., & McCallister, H. A. (1985). A developmental inquiry into the effects of postevent information on eyewitness accounts. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 146, 551–556. doi: 10.1080/00221325.1985.10532475
   Google Scholar
• Loftus, E. F., & Palmer, J. C. (1974). Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13(5), 585–589. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5371(74)80011-3
   Google Scholar
• Mayer, R. E. (Ed.). (2005). Principles for reducing extraneous processing in multimedia learning: Coherence, signaling, redundancy, spatial contiguity, and temporal contiguity principles. The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning (pp. 183–200). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511816819.013
   Google Scholar
• McAllister, H. A., Bregman, N. J., & Lipscomb, T. J. (1988). Speed estimates by eyewitnesses and earwitnesses: How vulnerable to postevent information? The Journal of General Psychology, 115(1), 25–35. doi: 10.1080/00221309.1988.9711085
   Google Scholar
• Moreno, R., & Mayer, R. E. (1999). Cognitive principles of multimedia learning: The role of modality and contiguity. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91(2), 358–368. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.91.2.358
   Google Scholar
• Nairne, S. J. (2013). Psychology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
   Google Scholar
• NHL.com – The National Hockey League. (n.d.). Retrieved May 29, 2015, from http://www.nhl.com /
   Google Scholar
• Open Science Collaboration. (2015). Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science. Science, 349(6251), aac4716. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4716
   Google Scholar
• Raney, A. A., & Depalma, A. J. (2006). The effect of viewing varying levels and contexts of violent sports programming on enjoyment, mood, and perceived violence. Mass Communication and Society, 9(3), 321–338. doi: 10.1207/s15327825mcs0903_4
   Google Scholar
• Read, J. D., Barnsley, R. H., Ankers, K., & Whishaw, I. Q. (1978). Variations in severity of verbs and eyewitnesses testimony: An alternative interpretation. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 46(3), 795–800. doi: 10.2466/pms.1978.46.3.795
   Google Scholar
• Read, J. D., & Bruce, D. (1984). On the external validity of questioning effects in eyewitness testimony. Applied Psychology, 33(1), 33–49. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.1984.tb01415.x
   Google Scholar
• Rice, S. G. (2008). Medical conditions affecting sports participation. Pediatrics, 121(4), 841–848. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-0080
   Google Scholar
• Semin, G. R., & De Poot, C. J. (1997). The question–answer paradigm: You might regret not noticing how a question is worded. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(3), 472–480. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.73.3.472
   Google Scholar
• Simonsohn, U. (2015). Small telescopes: Detectability and the evaluation of replication results. Psychological Science, 26(5), 559–569. doi: 10.1177/0956797614567341
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan, D. B. (1991). Commentary and viewer perception of player hostility: Adding punch to televised sports. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 35(4), 487–504. doi: 10.1080/08838159109364142
   Google Scholar
• Thompson. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2014/02/which-sports-have-the-whitest-richest-oldest-fans/283626/.
   Google Scholar