Circadian rhythms: a regulator of gastrointestinal health and dysfunction

References

• Mohawk JA, Green CB, Takahashi JS. Central and peripheral circadian clocks in mammals. Aliment Ann Rev Neurosci. 2012;35:445–462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy JF, Cain SW, Chang AM, et al. Sex difference in the near-24-hour intrinsic period of the human circadian timing system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108(Suppl 3):15602–15608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konturek PC, Brzozowski T, Konturek SJ. Gut clock: implication of circadian rhythms in the gastrointestinal tract. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2011;62(2):139–150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoogerwerf WA. Role of biological rhythms in gastrointestinal health and disease. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2009;10(4):293–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roenneberg T, Allebrandt KV, Merrow M, et al. Social jetlag and obesity. Curr Biol. 2012;22(10):939–943.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sulli G, Manoogian ENC, Taub PR, et al. Training the circadian clock, clocking the drugs, and drugging the clock to prevent, manage, and treat chronic diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2018;39(9):812–827.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heitkemper M, Jarrett M, Burr R, et al. Subjective and objective sleep indices in women with irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2005;17(4):523–530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotem AY, Sperber AD, Krugliak P, et al. Polysomnographic and actigraphic evidence of sleep fragmentation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Sleep. 2003;26(6):747–752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elsenbruch S, Harnish MJ, Orr WC. Subjective and objective sleep quality in irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;94(9):2447–2452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel A, Hasak S, Cassell B, et al. Effects of disturbed sleep on gastrointestinal and somatic pain symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome. Pharmacol Ther. 2016;44(3):246–258.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchanan DT, Cain K, Heitkemper M, et al. Sleep measures predict next-day symptoms in women with irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med. 2014;10(9):1003–1009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nojkov B, Rubenstein JH, Chey WD, et al. The impact of rotating shift work on the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in nurses. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(4):842–847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caruso CC, Lusk SL, Gillespie BW. Relationship of work schedules to gastrointestinal diagnoses, symptoms, and medication use in auto factory workers. Am J Ind Med. 2004;46(6):586–598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim HI, Jung SA, Choi JY, et al. Impact of shiftwork on irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia. J Korean Med Sci. 2013;28(3):431–437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhen LW, Ann GK, Yu HK. Functional bowel disorders in rotating shift nurses may be related to sleep disturbances. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;18(6):623–627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basnet S, Merikanto I, Lahti T, et al. Associations of common noncommunicable medical conditions and chronic diseases with chronotype in a population-based health examination study. Chronobiol Int. 2017;34(4):462–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saini C, Brown SA, Dibner C. Human peripheral clocks: applications for studying circadian phenotypes in physiology and pathophysiology. Front Neurol. 2015;6:95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson GR, Burgess HJ, Keshavarzian A. Sleep disturbances and inflammatory bowel disease: a potential trigger for disease flare? Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2011;7(1):29–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson GR, Burgess HJ. Sleep and circadian hygiene and inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2017;46(4):881–893.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoogerwerf WA. Biologic clocks and the gut. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2006;8(5):353–359.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scheving LA. Biological clocks and the digestive system. Gastroenterology. 2000;119(2):536–549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoogerwerf WA, Hellmich HL, Cornelissen G, et al. Clock gene expression in the murine gastrointestinal tract: endogenous rhythmicity and effects of a feeding regimen. Gastroenterology. 2007;133(4):1250–1260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stokes K, Cooke A, Chang H, et al. The circadian clock gene bmal1 coordinates intestinal regeneration. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;4(1):95–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida D, Aoki N, Tanaka M, et al. The circadian clock controls fluctuations of colonic cell proliferation during the light/dark cycle via feeding behavior in mice. Chronobiol Int. 2015;32(8):1145–1155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Q, Ao Y, Yang K, et al. Circadian clock gene per2 plays an important role in cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle progression in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep. 2016;35(6):3387–3394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Qian R, Sun N, et al. Circadian gene hclock enhances proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of human colorectal carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med Rep. 2015;11(6):4204–4210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoogerwerf WA. Role of clock genes in gastrointestinal motility. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2010;299(3):G549–G55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoogerwerf WA, Shahinian VB, Cornelissen G, et al. Rhythmic changes in colonic motility are regulated by period genes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2010;298(2):G143–G50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi M, Kotani K, Tsuzaki K, et al. Circadian rhythm genes clock and per3 polymorphisms and morning gastric motility in humans. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0120009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saito H, Terada T, Shimakura J, et al. Regulatory mechanism governing the diurnal rhythm of intestinal h+/peptide cotransporter 1 (pept1). Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2008;295(2):G395–G402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okamura A, Koyanagi S, Dilxiat A, et al. Bile acid-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (pparalpha) activity underlies circadian expression of intestinal peptide absorption transporter pept1/slc15a1. J Biol Chem. 2014;289(36):25296–25305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sladek M, Rybova M, Jindrakova Z, et al. Insight into the circadian clock within rat colonic epithelial cells. Gastroenterology. 2007;133(4):1240–1249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qandeel HG, Duenes JA, Zheng Y, et al. Diurnal expression and function of peptide transporter 1 (pept1). J Surg Res. 2009;156(1):123–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan X, Terada T, Okuda M, et al. The diurnal rhythm of the intestinal transporters sglt1 and pept1 is regulated by the feeding conditions in rats. J Nutr. 2004;134(9):2211–2215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saifur RM, Emoto N, Nonaka H, et al. Circadian clock genes directly regulate expression of the na(+)/h(+) exchanger nhe3 in the kidney. Kidney Int. 2005;67(4):1410–1419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacha J, Sumova A. Circadian regulation of epithelial functions in the intestine. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2013;208(1):11–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan X, Hussain MM. Clock is important for food and circadian regulation of macronutrient absorption in mice. J Lipid Res. 2009;50(9):1800–1813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong PM, Hasler BP, Kamarck TW, et al. Social jetlag, chronotype, and cardiometabolic risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(12):4612–4620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain MM, Pan X. Circadian regulators of intestinal lipid absorption. J Lipid Res. 2015;56(4):761–770.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan X, Munshi MK, Iqbal J, et al. Circadian regulation of intestinal lipid absorption by apolipoprotein aiv involves forkhead transcription factors a2 and o1 and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. J Biol Chem. 2013;288(28):20464–20476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Firsov D, Tokonami N, Bonny O. Role of the renal circadian timing system in maintaining water and electrolytes homeostasis. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012;349(1):51–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilfenhaus M. Circadian rhythm of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the rat. Arch Toxicol. 1976;36(3–4):305–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voigt RM, Forsyth CB, Shaikh M, et al. Diurnal variations in intestinal barrier integrity and liver pathology in mice: implications for alcohol binge. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2018;314(1):G131–G41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyoko OO, Kono H, Ishimaru K, et al. Expressions of tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-1 are under the circadian control in the mouse large intestine: implications in intestinal permeability and susceptibility to colitis. PLoS One. 2014;9(5):e98016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Summa KC, Voigt RM, Forsyth CB, et al. Disruption of the circadian clock in mice increases intestinal permeability and promotes alcohol-induced hepatic pathology and inflammation. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e67102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson GR, Gorenz A, Shaikh M, et al. Night workers with circadian misalignment are susceptible to alcohol-induced intestinal hyperpermeability with social drinking. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2016;311(1):G192–G201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson G, Forsyth CB, Tang Y, et al. Role of intestinal circadian genes in alcohol-induced gut leakiness. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011;35(7):1305–1314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishehsari F, Saadalla A, Khazaie K, et al. Light/dark shifting promotes alcohol-induced colon carcinogenesis: possible role of intestinal inflammatory milieu and microbiota. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17:12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engen PA, Green SJ, Voigt RM, et al. The gastrointestinal microbiome: alcohol effects on the composition of intestinal microbiota. Alcohol Res. 2015;37(2):223–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thaiss CA, Zeevi D, Levy M, et al. Transkingdom control of microbiota diurnal oscillations promotes metabolic homeostasis. Cell. 2014;159(3):514–529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thaiss CA, Levy M, Korem T, et al. Microbiota diurnal rhythmicity programs host transcriptome oscillations. Cell. 2016;167(6):1495–1510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voigt RM, Forsyth CB, Green SJ, et al. Circadian disorganization alters intestinal microbiota. PLoS One. 2014;9(5):e97500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voigt RM, Summa KC, Forsyth CB, et al. The circadian clock mutation promotes intestinal dysbiosis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2016;40(2):335–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tahara Y, Yamazaki M, Sukigara H, et al. Gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids induce circadian clock entrainment in mouse peripheral tissue. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):1395.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huang YJ, Pai YC, Yu LC. Host-microbiota interaction and intestinal epithelial functions under circadian control: implications in colitis and metabolic disorders. Chin J Physiol. 2018;61(6):325–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Man K, Loudon A, Chawla A. Immunity around the clock. Science. 2016;354(6315):999–1003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labrecque N, Cermakian N. Circadian clocks in the immune system. J Biol Rhythms. 2015;30(4):277–290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheiermann C, Kunisaki Y, Frenette PS. Circadian control of the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol. 2013;13(3):190–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halberg F, Johnson EA, Brown BW, et al. Susceptibility rhythm to e Coli endotoxin and bioassay. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1960;103:142–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsoumtsa LL, Torre C, Ghigo E. Circadian control of antibacterial immunity: findings from animal models. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2016;6:54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtis AM, Fagundes CT, Yang G, et al. Circadian control of innate immunity in macrophages by mir-155 targeting bmal1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112(23):7231–7236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen KD, Fentress SJ, Qiu Y, et al. Circadian gene bmal1 regulates diurnal oscillations of ly6c(hi) inflammatory monocytes. Science. 2013;341(6153):1483–1488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Malkani G, Shi X, et al. The circadian clock period 2 gene regulates gamma interferon production of nk cells in host response to lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxic shock. Infect Immun. 2006;74(8):4750–4756.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheiermann C, Kunisaki Y, Lucas D, et al. Adrenergic nerves govern circadian leukocyte recruitment to tissues. Immunity. 2012;37(2):290–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silver AC, Arjona A, Walker WE, et al. The circadian clock controls toll-like receptor 9-mediated innate and adaptive immunity. Immunity. 2012;36(2):251–261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feigin RD, San Joaquin VH, Haymond MW, et al. Daily periodicity of susceptibility of mice to pneumococcal infection. Nature. 1969;224(5217):379–380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castanon-Cervantes O, Wu M, Ehlen JC, et al. Dysregulation of inflammatory responses by chronic circadian disruption. J Immunol. 2010;185(10):5796–5805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Born J, Lange T, Hansen K, et al. Effects of sleep and circadian rhythm on human circulating immune cells. J Immunol. 1997;158(9):4454–4464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtis AM, Bellet MM, Sassone-Corsi P, et al. Circadian clock proteins and immunity. Immunity. 2014;40(2):178–186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston JD, Ordovas JM, Scheer FA, et al. Circadian rhythms, metabolism, and chrononutrition in rodents and humans. Adv Nutr. 2016;7(2):399–406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dibner C, Schibler U. Circadian timing of metabolism in animal models and humans. J Intern Med. 2015;277(5):513–527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perelis M, Ramsey KM, Bass J. The molecular clock as a metabolic rheostat. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2015;17(Suppl 1):99–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Depner CM, Stothard ER, Wright KP Jr. Metabolic consequences of sleep and circadian disorders. Curr Diab Rep. 2014;14(7):507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markwald RR, Melanson EL, Smith MR, et al. Impact of insufficient sleep on total daily energy expenditure, food intake, and weight gain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110(14):5695–5700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen J, Wright KP Jr. Influence of weeks of circadian misalignment on leptin levels. Nat Sci Sleep. 2010;2:9–18.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spiegel K, Tasali E, Leproult R, et al. Twenty-four-hour profiles of acylated and total ghrelin: relationship with glucose levels and impact of time of day and sleep. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(2):486–493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Cauter E, Polonsky KS, Scheen AJ. Roles of circadian rhythmicity and sleep in human glucose regulation. Endocr Rev. 1997;18(5):716–738.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheer FA, Hilton MF, Mantzoros CS, et al. Adverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of circadian misalignment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106(11):4453–4458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlsson B, Knutsson A, Lindahl B. Is there an association between shift work and having a metabolic syndrome? Results from a population based study of 27,485 people. Occup Environ Med. 2001;58(11):747–752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antunes LC, Levandovski R, Dantas G, et al. Obesity and shift work: chronobiological aspects. Nutr Res Rev. 2010;23(1):155–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Sato Y, Yamaguchi N. Shift work and the risk of metabolic syndrome: a nested case-control study. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2011;17(2):154–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knutson KL, Spiegel K, Penev P, et al. The metabolic consequences of sleep deprivation Sleep. Med Rev. 2007;11(3):163–178.
   Google Scholar
• Buxton OM, Cain SW, O’Connor SP, et al. Adverse metabolic consequences in humans of prolonged sleep restriction combined with circadian disruption. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4(129):129ra43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouatia-Naji N, Bonnefond A, Cavalcanti-Proenca C, et al. A variant near mtnr1b is associated with increased fasting plasma glucose levels and type 2 diabetes risk. Nat Genet. 2009;41(1):89–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prokopenko I, Langenberg C, Florez JC, et al. Variants in mtnr1b influence fasting glucose levels. Nat Genet. 2009;41(1):77–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radziuk J, Pye S. Diurnal rhythm in endogenous glucose production is a major contributor to fasting hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes. Suprachiasmatic deficit or limit cycle behaviour? Diabetologia. 2006;49(7):1619–1628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arble DM, Bass J, Laposky AD, et al. Circadian timing of food intake contributes to weight gain. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009;17(11):2100–2102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leproult R, Holmback U, Van CE. Circadian misalignment augments markers of insulin resistance and inflammation, independently of sleep loss. Diabetes. 2014;63(6):1860–1869.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaidi D, Wine E. An update on travelers’ diarrhea Curr. Opin Gastroenterol. 2015;31(1):7–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logan RW, Sarkar DK. Circadian nature of immune function. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012;349(1):82–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller M, Mazuch J, Abraham U, et al. A circadian clock in macrophages controls inflammatory immune responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106(50):21407–21412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narasimamurthy R, Hatori M, Nayak SK, et al. Circadian clock protein cryptochrome regulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109(31):12662–12667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wongwiwat M, Sukapanit S, Triyanond C, et al. Circadian rhythm of the resistance of mice to acute pneumococcal infection. Infect Immun. 1972;5(4):442–448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellet MM, Deriu E, Liu JZ, et al. Circadian clock regulates the host response to salmonella. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110(24):9897–9902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hriscu M, Saulea G, Ostriceanu S, et al. Circadian phagocytic activity in rats under light-dark and constant light regimens. Rom J Physiol. 2002;39–40:17–26.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spengler ML, Kuropatwinski KK, Comas M, et al. Core circadian protein clock is a positive regulator of nf-kappab-mediated transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109(37):E2457–E65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu X, Rollins D, Ruhn KA, et al. Th17 cell differentiation is regulated by the circadian clock. Science. 2013;342(6159):727–730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segawa K, Nakazawa S, Tsukamoto Y, et al. Peptic ulcer is prevalent among shift workers. Digestive Dis Sci. 1987;32(5):449–453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin HY, Weng SF, Lin HJ, et al. Peptic ulcer disease in healthcare workers: a nationwide population-based cohort study. PLoS One. 2015;10(8):e0135456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietroiusti A, Forlini A, Magrini A, et al. Shift work increases the frequency of duodenal ulcer in h pylori infected workers. Occup Environ Med. 2006;63(11):773–775.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones MP. The role of psychosocial factors in peptic ulcer disease: beyond helicobacter pylori and nsaids. J Psychosom Res. 2006;60(4):407–412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konturek SJ, Bielanski W, Plonka M, et al. Helicobacter pylori, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and smoking in risk pattern of gastroduodenal ulcers. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2003;38(9):923–930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarquini B, Cecchettin M, Cariddi A. Serum gastrin and pepsinogen in shift workers Int Arch. Occup Environ Health. 1986;58(2):99–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johns CE, Newton JL, Westley BR, et al. The diurnal rhythm of the cytoprotective human trefoil protein tff2 is reduced by factors associated with gastric mucosal damage: ageing, helicobacter pylori infection, and sleep deprivation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(7):1491–1497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semple JI, Newton JL, Westley BR, et al. Dramatic diurnal variation in the concentration of the human trefoil peptide tff2 in gastric juice. Gut. 2001;48(5):648–655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zober A, Schilling D, Ott MG, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection: prevalence and clinical relevance in a large company. J Occup Environ Med. 1998;40(7):586–594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van MA, Spallek M, Groneberg DA, et al. Correlates shift work with increased risk of gastrointestinal complaints or frequency of gastritis or peptic ulcer in h. Pylori-infected shift workers? Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2010;83(4):423–431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters MN, Richardson CT. Stressful life events, acid hypersecretion, and ulcer disease. Gastroenterology. 1983;84(1):114–119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore JG, Larsen KR, Barattini P, et al. Asynchrony in circadian rhythms of gastric function in the rat. A model for gastric mucosal injury. Digestive Dis Sci. 1994;39(8):1619–1624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwakura N, Fujiwara Y, Shiba M, et al. Characteristics of sleep disturbances in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Intern Med. 2016;55(12):1511–1517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore JG, Merki H. Gastrointestinal tract. In: Redfern PH, Lemmer B, editors. Physilogy and pharmacology of biological rhythms. Handbook of experimental pharmacology. Vol. 125. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 1997. p. 351–373.
   Google Scholar
• Chung TH, Lee J, Kim MC. Impact of night-shift work on the prevalence of erosive esophagitis in shipyard male workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2016;89(6):961–966.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li YM, Du J, Zhang H, et al. Epidemiological investigation in outpatients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux from the department of medicine in Zhejiang Province, East China. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;23(2):283–289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang SC, Chen CL, Yi CH, et al. Changes in gene expression patterns of circadian-clock, transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 and nerve growth factor in inflamed human esophagus. Sci Rep. 2015;5:13602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konturek SJ, Konturek PC, Brzozowska I, et al. Localization and biological activities of melatonin in intact and diseased gastrointestinal tract (git). J Physiol Pharmacol. 2007;58(3):381–405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ananthakrishnan AN, Long MD, Martin CF, et al. Sleep disturbance and risk of active disease in patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11(8):965–971.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballou S, Alhassan E, Hon E, et al. Sleep disturbances are commonly reported among patients presenting to a gastroenterology clinic. Digestive Dis Sci. 2018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zingone F, Siniscalchi M, Capone P, et al. The quality of sleep in patients with coeliac disease Aliment. Pharmacol Ther. 2010;32(8):1031–1036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marild K, Morgenthaler TI, Somers VK, et al. Increased use of hypnotics in individuals with celiac disease: a nationwide case-control study BMC. Gastroenterol. 2015;15:10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali T, Madhoun MF, Orr WC, et al. Assessment of the relationship between quality of sleep and disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013;19(11):2440–2443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preuss F, Tang Y, Laposky AD, et al. Adverse effects of chronic circadian desynchronization in animals in a “challenging” environment. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008;295(6):R2034–R40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boggild H, Tuchsen F, Orhede E. Occupation employment status and chronic inflammatory bowel disease in denmark. Int J Epidemiol. 1996;25(3):630–637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzoccoli G, Palmieri O, Corritore G, et al. Association study of a polymorphism in clock gene period3 and risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Chronobiol Int. 2012;29(8):994–1003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess HJ, Swanson GR, Keshavarzian A. Endogenous melatonin profiles in asymptomatic inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2010;45(6):759–761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakradeo PS, Keshavarzian A, Singh S, et al. Chronotype, social jet lag, sleep debt and food timing in inflammatory bowel disease. Sleep Med. 2018;52:188–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chrobak AA, Nowakowski J, Zwolinska-Wcislo M, et al. Associations between chronotype, sleep disturbances and seasonality with fatigue and inflammatory bowel disease symptoms. Chronobiol Int. 2018;1–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzoccoli G, Vinciguerra M, Papa G, et al. Circadian clock circuitry in colorectal cancer world. J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(15):4197–4207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masri S, Kinouchi K, Sassone-Corsi P. Circadian clocks, epigenetics, and cancer. Curr Opin Oncol. 2015;27(1):50–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng ZL, Wu MW, Sun J, et al. Effects of the biological clock gene bmal1 on tumour growth and anti-cancer drug activity. J Biochem. 2010;148(3):319–326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang X, Wood PA, Ansell C, et al. Circadian time-dependent tumor suppressor function of period genes. Integr Cancer Ther. 2009;8(4):309–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood PA, Yang X, Hrushesky WJ. Clock genes and cancer. Integr Cancer Ther. 2009;8(4):303–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzoccoli G, Panza A, Valvano MR, et al. Clock gene expression levels and relationship with clinical and pathological features in colorectal cancer patients. Chronobiol Int. 2011;28(10):841–851.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mostafaie N, Kallay E, Sauerzapf E, et al. Correlated downregulation of estrogen receptor beta and the circadian clock gene per1 in human colorectal cancer. Mol Carcinog. 2009;48(7):642–647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alhopuro P, Bjorklund M, Sammalkorpi H, et al. Mutations in the circadian gene clock in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Res. 2010;8(7):952–960.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Hua L, Lu C, et al. Expression of circadian clock gene human period2 (hper2) in human colorectal carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol. 2011;9:166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Yan D, Teng M, et al. Reduced expression of per3 is associated with incidence and development of colon cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012;19(9):3081–3088.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schernhammer ES, Laden F, Speizer FE, et al. Night-shift work and risk of colorectal cancer in the nurses’ health study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95(11):825–828.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang X, Ji A, Zhu Y, et al. A meta-analysis including dose-response relationship between night shift work and the risk of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 2015;6(28):25046–25060.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fine L. Sleep: important considerations in management of pain. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2015;26(2):301–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tavano F, Pazienza V, Fontana A, et al. Sirt1 and circadian gene expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: effect of starvation. Chronobiol Int. 2015;32(4):497–512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smolensky MH, Portaluppi F, Manfredini R, et al. Diurnal and twenty-four hour patterning of human diseases: acute and chronic common and uncommon medical conditions. Sleep Med Rev. 2015;21:12–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu JH, Yun CH, Ahn JH, et al. Evening chronotype is associated with metabolic disorders and body composition in middle-aged adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(4):1494–1502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arora T, Taheri S. Associations among late chronotype, body mass index and dietary behaviors in young adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond). 2015;39(1):39–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asher G, Sassone-Corsi P. Time for food: the intimate interplay between nutrition, metabolism, and the circadian clock. Cell. 2015;161(1):84–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang P, Turek FW. The endogenous circadian clock programs animals to eat at certain times of the 24-hour day: what if we ignore the clock? Physiol Behav. 2018;193(Pt B):211–217.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jakubowicz D, Barnea M, Wainstein J, et al. High caloric intake at breakfast vs. Dinner differentially influences weight loss of overweight and obese women. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013;21(12):2504–2512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garaulet M, Gomez-Abellan P, Alburquerque-Bejar JJ, et al. Timing of food intake predicts weight loss effectiveness. Int J Obes Lond. 2013;37(4):604–611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Lozano T, Vidal J, de Hollanda A, et al. Timing of food intake is associated with weight loss evolution in severe obese patients after bariatric surgery. Clin Nutr. 2016;35(6):1308–1314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salgado-Delgado R, Angeles-Castellanos M, Saderi N, et al. Food intake during the normal activity phase prevents obesity and circadian desynchrony in a rat model of night work. Endocrinology. 2010;151(3):1019–1029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrannini E, Ramos SJ, Salsali A, et al. Dapagliflozin monotherapy in type 2 diabetic patients with inadequate glycemic control by diet and exercise: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(10):2217–2224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mure LS, Le HD, Benegiamo G, et al. Diurnal transcriptome atlas of a primate across major neural and peripheral tissues. Science. 2018;359(6381).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levi F, Zidani R, Misset JL. Randomised multicentre trial of chronotherapy with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and folinic acid in metastatic colorectal cancer. Int Organ Cancer Chronotherapy Lancet. 1997;350(9079):681–686.
   Google Scholar
• Wei K, Wang Q, Gan J, et al. Mapping genes for drug chronotherapy. Drug Discov Today. 2018;23(11):1883–1888.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esteban-Zubero E, Lopez-Pingarron L, Alatorre-Jimenez MA, et al. Melatonin’s role as a co-adjuvant treatment in colonic diseases A review. Life Sci. 2017;170:72–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erren TC, Reiter RJ. Light hygiene: time to make preventive use of insights – old and new – into the nexus of the drug light, melatonin, clocks, chronodisruption and public health. Med Hypotheses. 2009;73(4):537–541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry J, Bumpers K, Ogunlade V, et al. Examining racial disparities in colorectal cancer care. J Psychosoc Oncol. 2009;27(1):59–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimou A, Syrigos KN, Saif MW. Disparities in colorectal cancer in african-americans vs whites: before and after diagnosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15(30):3734–3743.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riestra P, Gebreab SY, Xu R, et al. Circadian clock gene polymorphisms in relation to sleep patterns and obesity in African Americans: findings from the Jackson Heart Study. BMC Genet. 2017;18(1):58.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eastman CI, Suh C, Tomaka VA, et al. Circadian rhythm phase shifts and endogenous free-running circadian period differ between African-Americans and European-Americans. Sci Rep. 2015;5:8381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paech GM, Crowley SJ, Fogg LF, et al. Advancing the sleep/wake schedule impacts the sleep of African-Americans more than European-Americans. PLoS One. 2017;12(10):e0186887.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar