Inflammatory markers are elevated in overweight Mexican-American children

References

• Albert MA, Glynn RJ, Ridker PM. Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and the calculated Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score. Circulation. 2003; 108: 161–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fantuzzi G. Adipose tissue, adipokines, and inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 115: 911–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrell SW, Braun L, Barlow CE, Cheng YJ, Blair SN. The relation of body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, and all-cause mortality in women. Obes Res. 2002; 10: 417–23
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Flynn MG, McFarlin BK, Phillips MD, Stewart LK, Timmerman KL. Toll-like receptor 4 and CD14 mRNA expression are lower in resistive exercise trained, elderly women. J Appl Physiol. 2003; 95: 1833–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gielen S, Adams V, Mobius-Winkler S, Linke A, Erbs S, Yu J, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training in the skeletal muscle of patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003; 42: 861–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greiwe JS, Cheng B, Rubin DC, Yarasheski KE, Semenkovich CF. Resistance exercise decreases skeletal muscle tumor necrosis factor alpha in frail elderly humans. FASEB J. 2001; 15: 475–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlin BK, Flynn MG, Campbell WW, Craig BA, Robinson JP, Stewart LK, et al. Physical activity status, but not age, influences inflammatory biomarkers and toll–like receptor 4. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006; 61: 388–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlin BK, Flynn MG, Campbell WW, Stewart LK, Timmerman KL. TLR4 is lower in resistance-trained older women and related to inflammatory cytokines. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004; 36: 1876–83
   Google Scholar
• Smith JK, Dykes R, Douglas JE, Krishnaswamy G, Berk S. Long-term exercise and atherogenic activity of blood mononuclear cells in persons at risk of developing ischemic heart disease. JAMA. 1999; 281: 1722–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbeau P, Litaker MS, Woods KF, Lemmon CR, Humphries MC, Owens S, et al. Hemostatic and inflammatory markers in obese youths: effects of exercise and adiposity. J Pediatr. 2002; 141: 415–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastard JP, Jardel C, Bruckert E, Blondy P, Capeau J, Laville M, et al. Elevated levels of interleukin 6 are reduced in serum and subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese women after weight loss. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000; 85: 3338–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christou DD, Gentile CL, DeSouza CA, Seals DR, Gates PE. Fatness is a better predictor of cardiovascular disease risk factor profile than aerobic fitness in healthy men. Circulation. 2005; 111: 1904–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford ES, Giles WH, Myers GL, Rifai N, Ridker PM, Mannino DM. C-reactive protein concentration distribution among US children and young adults: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2000. Clin Chem. 2003; 49: 1353–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta A, Ten S, Anhalt H. Serum levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 2 are linked to insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2005; 18: 75–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hotamisligil GS, Shargill NS, Spiegelman BM. Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Science. 1993; 259: 87–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon YS, Kim DH, Song DK. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and components of the metabolic syndrome in obese adolescents. Metabolism 2004; 53: 863–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly AS, Wetzsteon RJ, Kaiser DR, Steinberger J, Bank AJ, Dengel DR. Inflammation, insulin, and endothelial function in overweight children and adolescents: the role of exercise. J Pediatr. 2004; 145: 731–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullo M, Garcia-Lorda P, Salas-Salvado J. Plasma soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha receptors and leptin levels in normal-weight and obese women: effect of adiposity and diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol. 2002; 146: 325–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauner H, Bender M, Haastert B, Hube F. Plasma concentrations of soluble TNF-alpha receptors in obese subjects. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1998; 22: 1239–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janeway C. Immunobiology: the immune system in health and disease5th ed. Garland Pub, New York 2001
   Google Scholar
• Bas S, Gauthier BR, Spenato U, Stingelin S, Gabay C. CD14 is an acute-phase protein. J Immunol. 2004; 172: 4470–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manco M, Fernandez-Real JM, Equitani F, Vendrell J, Valera Mora ME, Nanni G, et al. Effect of massive weight loss on inflammatory adipocytokines and the innate immune system in morbidly obese women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007; 92: 483–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA, Tabak CJ, Flegal KM. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999–2004. JAMA. 2006; 295: 1549–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hotamisligil GS, Spiegelman BM. Tumor necrosis factor alpha: a key component of the obesity-diabetes link. Diabetes. 1994; 43: 1271–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel DA, Srinivasan SR, Xu JH, Li S, Chen W, Berenson GS. Distribution and metabolic syndrome correlates of plasma C-reactive protein in biracial (black-white) younger adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Metabolism. 2006; 55: 699–705
   Google Scholar
• Florez H, Castillo-Florez S, Mendez A, Casanova-Romero P, Larreal-Urdaneta C, Lee D, et al. C-reactive protein is elevated in obese patients with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2006; 71: 92–100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Ferranti SD, Gauvreau K, Ludwig DS, Newburger JW, Rifai N. Inflammation and changes in metabolic syndrome abnormalities in US adolescents: findings from the 1988–1994 and 1999–2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Clin Chem. 2006; 52: 1325–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson AS, Pollock ML, Ward A. Generalized equations for predicting body density of women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1980; 12: 175–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson AS, Pollock ML. Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. Br J Nutr. 1978; 40: 497–504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Mei Z, et al. 2002 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: methods and development. Vital Health Stat. 2002; 11(246)1–190
   Google Scholar
• Beets MW, Pitetti KH. One-mile run/walk and body mass index of an ethnically diverse sample of youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004; 36: 1796–1803
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duke PM, Litt IF, Gross RT. Adolescents' self-assessment of sexual maturation. Pediatrics. 1980; 66: 918–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rockett JC, Lynch CD, Buck GM. Biomarkers for assessing reproductive development and health: Part 1 – pubertal development. Environ Health Perspect. 2004; 112: 105–12
   Google Scholar
• Anderson SE, Dallal GE, Must A. Relative weight and race influence average age at menarche: Results from two nationally representative surveys of US girls studied 25 years apart. Pediatrics. 2003; 111: 844–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonat S, Pathomvanih A, Keil MF, Field AE, Yanovski JA. Self-assessment of pubertal stage in overweight children. Pediatrics. 2002; 110: 743–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang Y. Is obesity associated with early sexual maturation? A comparison of the association in American boys versus girls. Pediatrics. 2002; 110: 903–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubaszek A, Pihlajamaki J, Punnonen K, Karhapaa P, Vauhkonen I, Laakso M. The C-174G promoter polymorphism of the IL-6 gene affects energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes. 2003; 52: 558–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohamed-Ali V, Goodrick S, Bulmer K, Holly JM, Yudkin JS, Coppack SW. Production of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors by human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo. Am J Physiol. 1999; 277: E971–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruunsgaard H, Pedersen BK. Age-related inflammatory cytokines and disease. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2003; 23: 15–39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg AS, McDaniel ML. Identifying the links between obesity, insulin resistance and beta-cell function: potential role of adipocyte-derived cytokines in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Invest. 2002; 32(Suppl 3)24–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rifai N, Ridker PM. Proposed cardiovascular risk assessment algorithm using high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and lipid screening. Clin Chem. 2001; 47: 28–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khaodhiar L, Ling PR, Blackburn GL, Bistrian BR. Serum levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein correlate with body mass index across the broad range of obesity. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2004; 28: 410–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart LK, Flynn MG, Campbell WW, Craig BA, Robinson JP, McFarlin BK, et al. Influence of exercise training and age on CD14+ cell-surface expression of toll-like receptor 2 and 4. Brain Behav Immun. 2005; 19: 389–97
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matsuzawa Y. Therapy insight: Adipocytokines in metabolic syndrome and related cardiovascular disease. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2006; 3: 35–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ziccardi P, Nappo F, Giugliano G, Esposito K, Marfella R, Cioffi M, et al. Reduction of inflammatory cytokine concentrations and improvement of endothelial functions in obese women after weight loss over one year. Circulation. 2002; 105: 804–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halle M, Korsten-Reck U, Wolfarth B, Berg A. Low-grade systemic inflammation in overweight children: impact of physical fitness. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2004; 10: 66–74
   Google Scholar
• Reinehr T, Stoffel-Wagner B, Roth CL, Andler W. High-sensitive C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and cardiovascular risk factors before and after weight loss in obese children. Metabolism. 2005; 54: 1155–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenbaum M, Nonas C, Weil R, Horlick M, Fennoy I, Vargas I, et al. School-based intervention acutely improves insulin sensitivity and decreases inflammatory markers and body fatness in junior high school students. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006; 92: 504–8
   Google Scholar
• Bluher M, Fasshauer M, Tonjes A, Kratzsch J, Schon MR, Paschke R. Association of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, interleukin-10 and adiponectin plasma concentrations with measures of obesity, insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2005; 113: 534–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar