Mathematical model on HIV and nutrition

References

• P Lewthwaite, E Wilkins. Natural history of HIV/AIDS. Medicine. 2009;37:333–337. doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2009.04.015
   Google Scholar
• USAIDS. Global HIV & AIDS statistics, Fact sheet (Accessed on March 27, 2023). https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet. Online Version.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. HIV: global situation and trends. Global Health Observatory (Accessed on March 27, 2023). https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/hiv-aids. Online Version.
   Google Scholar
• D Burg, L Rong, AU Neumann, et al. Mathematical modeling of viral kinetics under immune control during primary HIV-1 infection. J Theor Biol. 2009;259:751–759. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.04.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MF Perdomo, W Hosia, A Jejcic, et al. Human serum protein enhances HIV-1 replication and up-regulates the transcription factor AP-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2012;109:17639–17644. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1206893109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T Zhu, J Zhong, R Hu, et al. Patterns of white matter injury in hiv infection after partial immune reconstitution: a DTI tract-based spatial statistics study. J Neurovirol. 2013;19:10–23. doi: 10.1007/s13365-012-0135-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M Ciupe, B Bivort, D Bortz, et al. Estimating kinetic parameters from HIV primary infection data through the eyes of three different mathematical models. Math Biosci. 2006;200:1–27. doi: 10.1016/j.mbs.2005.12.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G Maartens, C Celum, SR Lewin. HIV infection: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention. The Lancet. 2014;384:258–271. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60164-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JM Conway, RM Ribeiro. Modeling the immune response to HIV infection. Curr Opin Syst Bio. 2018;12:61–69. doi: 10.1016/j.coisb.2018.10.006
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• M Nowak, RM May. Virus dynamics: mathematical principles of immunology and virology: mathematical principles of immunology and virology. UK: Oxford University Press; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• D Wodarz. Killer cell dynamics: mathematical and computational approaches to immunology. New York (NY): Springer; 2007.
   Google Scholar
• RJ De Boer, AS Perelson. Target cell limited and immune control models of HIV infection: a comparison. J Theor Biol. 1998;190:201–214. doi: 10.1006/jtbi.1997.0548
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RM Anderson, RM May. Infectious diseases of humans: dynamics and control. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press; 1991.
   Google Scholar
• MA Nowak, CR Bangham. Population dynamics of immune responses to persistent viruses. Science. 1996;272:74–79. doi: 10.1126/science.272.5258.74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D Wodarz, DC Krakauer. Defining CTL-induced pathology: implications for HIV. Virology. 2000;274:94–104. doi: 10.1006/viro.2000.0399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D Wodarz, AL Lloyd, VA Jansen, et al. Dynamics of macrophage and T cell infection by HIV. J Theor Biol. 1999;196:101–113. doi: 10.1006/jtbi.1998.0816
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VV Ganusov, RA Neher, AS Perelson. Mathematical modeling of escape of HIV from cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. J Stat Mech Theory Exp. 2013;2013:Article ID P01010. doi: 10.1088/1742-5468/2013/01/P01010
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VV Ganusov, RJ De Boer. Estimating costs and benefits of CTL escape mutations in SIV/HIV infection. PLoS Comput Biol. 2006;2:e24. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MP Davenport, L Loh, J Petravic, et al. Rates of HIV immune escape and reversion: implications for vaccination. Trends Microbiol. 2008;16:561–566. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2008.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P Mohammadi, A Ciuffi, N Beerenwinkel. Dynamic models of viral replication and latency. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2015;10:90–95. doi: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C Selinger, MG Katze. Mathematical models of viral latency. Curr Opin Virol. 2013;3:402–407. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2013.06.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L Rong, AS Perelson. Modeling latently infected cell activation: viral and latent reservoir persistence, and viral blips in HIV-infected patients on potent therapy. PLoS Comput Biol. 2009;5:Article ID e1000533. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Akaraphanth, H Lim. HIV, UV and immunosuppression. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 1999;15:28–31. doi: 10.1111/phpp.1999.15.issue-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LDC dos SANTOS, GF Castro, IPR de SOUZA, et al. Oral manifestations related to immunosuppression degree in HIV-positive children. Braz Dent J. 2001;12:135–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PT Alpert. The role of vitamins and minerals on the immune system. Home Health Care Manag Pract. 2017;29:199–202. doi: 10.1177/1084822317713300
   Google Scholar
• ES Wintergerst, S Maggini, DH Hornig. Immune-enhancing role of vitamin C and zinc and effect on clinical conditions. Ann Nutr Metab. 2006;50:85–94. doi: 10.1159/000090495
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S Maggini, S Beveridge, PJ Sorbara, et al. Feeding the immune system: the role of micronutrients in restoring resistance to infections. CABI Rev. 2009;1–21. doi: 10.1079/PAVSNNR20083098
   Google Scholar
• E Tourkochristou, C Triantos, A Mouzaki. The influence of nutritional factors on immunological outcomes. Front Immunol. 2021;12:Article ID 665968. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.665968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WR Beisel. Nutrition and immune function: overview. J Nutr. 1996;126:2611S–2615S. doi: 10.1093/jn/126.suppl_10.2611S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S Duggal, TD Chugh, AK Duggal. HIV and malnutrition: effects on immune system. Clin Dev Immunol. 2012;2012:Article ID 784740. doi: 10.1155/2012/784740
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• R Yolken, W Hart, I Oung, et al. Gastrointestinal dysfunction and disaccharide intolerance in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. J Pediatr. 1991;118:359–363. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)82147-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A Guarino, F Albano, L Tarallo, et al. Intestinal malabsorption of HIV-infected children: relationship to diarrhoea, failure to thrive, enteric micro-organisms and immune impairment. Aids. 1993;7:1435–1440. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199311000-00005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JW Hsu, PB Pencharz, D Macallan, et al. Macronutrients and HIV/AIDS: a review of current evidence. Durban, South Africa: World Health Organization; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• DC Macallan, MA McNurlan, E Milne, et al. Whole-body protein turnover from leucine kinetics and the response to nutrition in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;61:818–826. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/61.4.818
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DC Macallan, C Noble, C Baldwin, et al. Energy expenditure and wasting in human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:83–88. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199507133330202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DC Macallan. Wasting in HIV infection and AIDS. J Nutr. 1999;129:238S–242S. doi: 10.1093/jn/129.1.238S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DC Macallan. Metabolic abnormalities and wasting in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Proc Nutr Soc. 1998;57:373–380. doi: 10.1079/PNS19980054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DC Macallan. Metabolic syndromes in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Horm Res Paediatr. 2001;55:36–41. doi: 10.1159/000063461
   Google Scholar
• TS Harrison, DC Macallan, CF Rayner, et al. Treatment of tuberculosis in HIV-infected individuals. AIDS. 2002;16:1569–1570. doi: 10.1097/00002030-200207260-00022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CJ Boushey, AM Coulston, CL Rock, et al. Nutrition in the prevention and treatment of disease. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• W Dudgeon, K Phillips, J Carson, et al. Counteracting muscle wasting in HIV-infected individuals. HIV Med. 2006;7:299–310. doi: 10.1111/hiv.2006.7.issue-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GO Coodley, MO Loveless, TM Merrill. The HIV wasting syndrome: a review. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1994;7:681–694.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U Keller. Nutritional laboratory markers in malnutrition. J Clin Med. 2019;8:775. doi: 10.3390/jcm8060775
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SV Thuppal, S Jun, A Cowan, et al. The nutritional status of HIV-infected US adults. Curr Dev Nutr. 2017;1:Article ID e001636. doi: 10.3945/cdn.117.001636
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Y Sarro, A Tounkara, E Tangara, et al. Serum protein electrophoresis: any role in monitoring for antiretroviral therapy?. Afr Health Sci. 2010;10:138–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Z Nozarian, V Mehrtash, A Abdollahi, et al. Serum protein electrophoresis pattern in patients living with HIV: frequency of possible abnormalities in Iranian patients. Iran J Microbiol. 2019;11:440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AE Zemlin, H Ipp, S Maleka, et al. Serum protein electrophoresis patterns in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals not on antiretroviral treatment. Ann Clin Biochem. 2015;52:346–351. doi: 10.1177/0004563214565824
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JP McGowan, SS Shah, CB Small, et al. Relationship of serum immunoglobulin and IgG subclass levels to race, ethnicity and behavioral characteristics in HIV infection. Med Sci Monit. 2006;12:CR11–CR16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S Baral, R Antia, NM Dixit. A dynamical motif comprising the interactions between antigens and CD8 T cells may underlie the outcomes of viral infections. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2019;116:17393–17398. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1902178116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JM Conway, AS Perelson. Post-treatment control of HIV infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2015;112:5467–5472. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1419162112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AT Haase. Perils at mucosal front lines for HIV and SIV and their hosts. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005;5:783–792. doi: 10.1038/nri1706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V Sreejithku, K Ghods, T Bandara, et al. Selecting the best model for complex interplay between HIV and nutrition; 2023.
   Google Scholar
• HR Thieme. Mathematics in population biology. Vol. 1. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• M Martcheva. An introduction to mathematical epidemiology. Vol. 61. New York (NY): Springer; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• P Van den Driessche, J Watmough. Reproduction numbers and sub-threshold endemic equilibria for compartmental models of disease transmission. Math Biosci. 2002;180:29–48. doi: 10.1016/S0025-5564(02)00108-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C Castillo-Chavez, B Song. Dynamical models of tuberculosis and their applications. Math Biosci Eng. 2004;1:361–404. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2004.1.361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M Martcheva. Methods for deriving necessary and sufficient conditions for backward bifurcation. J Biol Dyn. 2019;13:538–566. doi: 10.1080/17513758.2019.1647359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• University of Rochester Medical Center. Encyclopedia (Accessed on March 27, 2023). https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/. Online Version.
   Google Scholar
• R Sharma, S Sharma. Physiology, blood volume; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Healthline. Protein intake – how much protein should you eat per day? (Accessed on March 27, 2023). https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/how-much-protein-per-day. Online Version.
   Google Scholar
• WebMD. HIV & AIDS resource center. (Accessed on March 27, 2023). https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/cd4-count-what-does-it-mean. Online Version.
   Google Scholar
• MA Stafford, L Corey, Y Cao, et al. Modeling plasma virus concentration during primary HIV infection. J Theor Biol. 2000;203:285–301. doi: 10.1006/jtbi.2000.1076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• POZ. Understanding your lab work (blood tests). (Accessed on March 27, 2023). https://www.poz.com/basics/hiv-basics/understanding-lab-work-blood-tests. Online Version.
   Google Scholar
• S Fidler, J Fox. Primary HIV infection: a medical and public health emergency requiring rapid specialist management. Clin Med. 2016;16:180–183. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.16-2-180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AJ McMichael, P Borrow, GD Tomaras, et al. The immune response during acute HIV-1 infection: clues for vaccine development. Nat Rev Immunol. 2010;10:11–23. doi: 10.1038/nri2674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D Wodarz, MA Nowak. Immune responses and viral phenotype: do replication rate and cytopathogenicity influence virus load?. Comput Math Methods Med. 2000;2:113–127.
   Google Scholar
• J Antonio, A Ellerbroek, T Silver, et al. A high protein diet has no harmful effects: a one-year crossover study in resistance-trained males. J Nutr Metab. 2016;2016:Article ID 9104792. doi: 10.1155/2016/9104792
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DG Levitt, MD Levitt. Human serum albumin homeostasis: a new look at the roles of synthesis, catabolism, renal and gastrointestinal excretion, and the clinical value of serum albumin measurements. Int J Gen Med. 2016;9:229–255. doi: 10.2147/IJGM
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E Lugada, J Mermin, B Asjo, et al. Immunoglobulin levels amongst persons with and without human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in Uganda and Norway. Scand J Immunol. 2004;59:203–208. doi: 10.1111/sji.2004.59.issue-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EV Butorov. Impact of high protein intake on viral load and hematological parameters in HIV-infected patients. Curr HIV Res. 2017;15:345–354. doi: 10.2174/1570162X15666171002121209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar