Effect of seasonal mesoscale and microscale meteorological conditions in Ny-Ålesund on results of monitoring of long-range transported pollution

References

• Aas W., Schaug J. & Hanssen J.E. 2007. Field intercomparison of main components in air in EMEP. Water Air & Soil Pollution: Focus 7, 25–31.
   Google Scholar
• AMAP 2006. AMAP assessment 2006: acidifying pollutants, Arctic haze, and acidification in the Arctic. Oslo: Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme.
   Google Scholar
• Anfossi D., Oettl D. & Degrazia G.A. 2004. Some aspects of turbulence and dispersion in low wind speed conditions. In C. Borrego & S. Incecik (eds.): Air pollution modeling and its application XVI. Pp. 331–14. Boston: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Beine H.J., Engardt M., Jaffe D.A., Hov Ø., Holmén K. & Stordal F. 1996. Measurements of NOx and aerosol particles at the Ny-Ålesund Zeppelin mountain station on Svalbard: influence of regional and local pollution sources. Atmospheric Environment 30, 1067–1079.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolton D. 1980. The computation of equivalent potential temperature. Monthly Weather Review 108, 1046–1053.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braathen G.O., Hov Ø. & Stordal F. 1990. Arctic atmospheric research station on the Zeppelin mountain (474 m a.s.l.) near Ny-Ålesund on Svalbard (78°54ʹ29” N, 11°52ʹ53”E). Lillestrøm: Norwegian Institute for Air Research.
   Google Scholar
• Chan Y.C., Simpson R.W., Mctainsh G.H., Vowles P.D., Cohen D.D. & Bailey G.M. 1997. Characterisation of chemical species in PM2.5 and PM10 aerosols in Brisbane, Australia. Atmospheric Environment 31, 3773–3785.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chernokulsky A.V., Esau I., Bulygina O.N., Davy R., Mokhov I.I., Outten S. & Semenov V.A. 2017. Climatology and interannual variability of cloudiness in the Atlantic Arctic from surface observations since the late nineteenth century. Journal of Climate 30, 2103–2120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dee D.P., Uppala S.M., Simmons A.J., Berrisford P., Poli P., Kobayashi S., Andrae U., Balmaseda M.A., Balsamo G., Bauer P., Bechtold P., Beljaars A.C.M., van de Berg L., Bidlot J., Bormann N., Delsol C., Dragani R., Fuentes M., Geer A.J., Haimberger L., Healy S.B., Hersbach H., Hólm E.V., Isaksen L., Kållberg P., Köhler M., Matricardi M., McNally A.P., Monge-Sanz B.M., Morcrette -J.-J., Park B.-K., Peubey C., de Rosnay P., Tavolato C., Thépaut J.-N. & Vitart F. 2011. The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 137, 553–597.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dekhtyareva A., Edvardsen K., Holmén K., Hermansen O. & Hansson H.-C. 2016. Influence of local and regional air pollution on atmospheric measurements in Ny-Ålesund. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 11, 578–587.
   Google Scholar
• Eatough D.J., Caka F.M. & Farber R.J. 1994. The conversion of SO2 to sulfate in the atmosphere. Israel Journal of Chemistry 34, 301–314.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckhardt S., Hermansen O., Grythe H., Fiebig M., Stebel K., Cassiani M., Baecklund A. & Stohl A. 2013. The influence of cruise ship emissions on air pollution in Svalbard—a harbinger of a more polluted Arctic? Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, 8401–8409.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elperin T., Kleeorin N., Liberman M.A., L’vov V.S. & Rogachevskii I. 2007. Clustering of aerosols in atmospheric turbulent flow. Environmental Fluid Mechanics 7, 173–193.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EPA 2000. Meteorological monitoring guidance for regulatory modeling applications. EPA-454/R-99-005. Research Triangle Park, NC: US Environmental Protection Agency.
   Google Scholar
• Esau I. & Repina I. 2012. Wind climate in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, and attribution of leading wind driving mechanisms through turbulence-resolving simulations. Advances in Meteorology 2012, article no. 568454, doi: 10.1155/2012/568454.
   Google Scholar
• Ferrero L., Cappelletti D., Busetto M., Mazzola M., Lupi A., Lanconelli C., Becagli S., Traversi R., Caiazzo L., Giardi F., Moroni B., Crocchianti S., Fierz M., Močnik G., Sangiorgi G., Perrone M.G., Maturilli M. & Vitale V. 2016. Vertical profiles of aerosol and black carbon in the Arctic: a seasonal phenomenology along 2 years (2011–2012) of field campaigns. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, 12601–12629.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher B. 2002. Meteorological factors influencing the occurrence of air pollution episodes involving chimney plumes. Meteorological Applications 9, 199–210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermansen O., Wasseng J., Bäcklund A., Noon B., Hennig T., Schulze D. & Barth V.L. 2011. Air quality Ny-Ålesund. Monitoring of local air quality 2008–2010. Measurement results. Kjeller: Norwegian Institute for Air Research.
   Google Scholar
• Hodal H., Falk-Petersen S., Haakon H., Kristiansen S. & Reigstad M. 2012. Spring bloom dynamics in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard: nutrients, phytoplankton, protozoans and primary production. Polar Biology 35, 191–203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller M.D., Bellows W.K. & Guillard R.R.L. 1989. Dimethyl sulfide production in marine phytoplankton. In E.S. Saltzman & W.J. Cooper (eds.): Biogenic sulfur in the environment. Pp. 167–182. Washington D.C.: American Chemical Society.
   Google Scholar
• Krzywinski M. & Altman N. 2014. Points of significance: nonparametric tests. Nature Methods 11, 467–469.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kupiszewski P., Leck C., Tjernström M., Sjogren S., Sedlar J., Graus M., Müller M., Brooks B., Swietlicki E., Norris S. & Hansel A. 2013. Vertical profiling of aerosol particles and trace gases over the central Arctic Ocean during summer. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, 12405–12431.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levasseur M. 2013. Impact of Arctic meltdown on the microbial cycling of sulphur. Nature Geoscience 6, 691–700.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang J. & Jacobson M.Z. 1999. A study of sulfur dioxide oxidation pathways over a range of liquid water contents, pH values, and temperatures. Journal of Geophysical Research—Atmospheres 104, 13749–13769.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markowski P. & Richardson Y. 2006. On the classification of vertical wind shear as directional shear versus speed shear. Weather and Forecasting 21, 242–247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumura S., Zhang X. & Yamazaki K. 2014. Summer Arctic atmospheric circulation response to spring Eurasian snow cover and its possible linkage to accelerated sea ice decrease. Journal of Climate 27, 6551–6558.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maturilli M., Herber A. & König-Langlo G. 2013. Climatology and time series of surface meteorology in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. Earth System Science Data 5, 155–163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maturilli M. & Kayser M. 2016. Arctic warming, moisture increase and circulation changes observed in the Ny-Ålesund homogenized radiosonde record. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 130, 1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meagher J.F. & Bailey E.M. 1983. The seasonal variation of the atmospheric SO2 to SO42- conversion rate. Journal of Geophysical Research—Oceans 88, 1525–1527.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mölders N., Tran H.N.Q., Quinn P., Sassen K., Shaw G.E. & Kramm G. 2011. Assessment of WRF/Chem to simulate sub-Arctic boundary layer characteristics during low solar irradiation using radiosonde, SODAR, and surface data. Atmospheric Pollution Research 2, 283–299.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moroni B., Becagli S., Bolzacchini E., Busetto M., Cappelletti D., Crocchianti S., Ferrero L., Frosini D., Lanconelli C., Lupi A., Maturilli M., Mazzola M., Perrone M.G., Sangiorgi G., Traversi R., Udisti R., Viola A. & Vitale V. 2015. Vertical profiles and chemical properties of aerosol particles upon Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard islands). Advances in Meteorology, article no. 292081, doi: 10.1155/2015/292081.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NILU 1996. EMEP manual for sampling and chemical analysis. EMEP/CCC-report 1/95. Kjeller: Norwegian Institute for Air Research.
   Google Scholar
• Norwegian Polar Institute. 2016. Report from the Ny-Ålesund Seminar. Tromsø, Norway, 23-25 September 2015. Tromsø: Norwegian Polar Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Nygård T., Valkonen T. & Vihma T. 2014. Characteristics of Arctic low-tropospheric humidity inversions based on radio soundings. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, 1959–1971.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orr C., Hurd F.K. & Corbett W.J. 1958. Aerosol size and relative humidity. Journal of Colloid Science 13, 472–482.
   Google Scholar
• Quinn P.K., Shaw G., Andrews E., Dutton E.G., Ruoho-Airola T. & Gong S.L. 2007. Arctic haze: current trends and knowledge gaps. Tellus B 59, 99–114.
   Google Scholar
• Seinfeld J.H. & Pandis S.N. 2006. Atmospheric chemistry and physics: from air pollution to climate change. 2nd edn. New York: John Wiley & Sons
   Google Scholar
• Seuthe L., Iversen K.R. & Narcy F. 2011. Microbial processes in a high-latitude fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard): II. Ciliates and dinoflagellates. Polar Biology 34, 751–766.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shikai C., Jianfeng H., Peimin H., Fang Z., Ling L. & Yuxin M. 2012. The adaptation of Arctic phytoplankton to low light and salinity in Kongsfjorden (Spitsbergen). Advances in Polar Science 23, 19–24.
   Google Scholar
• Sofiev M., Sofieva V., Elperin T., Kleeorin N., Rogachevskii I. & Zilitinkevich S.S. 2009. Turbulent diffusion and turbulent thermal diffusion of aerosols in stratified atmospheric flows. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres—Atmospheres 114, D18209, doi: 10.1029/2009JD011765.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stull R.B. 1988. An introduction to boundary layer meteorology. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Viana M., Hammingh P., Colette A., Querol X., Degraeuwe B., de Vlieger I. & van Aardenne J. 2014. Impact of maritime transport emissions on coastal air quality in Europe. Atmospheric Environment 90, 96–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vihma T., Kilpeläinen T., Manninen M., Sjöblom A., Jakobson E., Palo T., Jaagus J. & Maturilli M. 2011. Characteristics of temperature and humidity inversions and low-level jets over Svalbard fjords in spring. Advances in Meteorology, article no. 486807, doi: 10.1155/2011/486807.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walcek C.J. 2002. Effects of wind shear on pollution dispersion. Atmospheric Environment 36, 511–517.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace J.M. & Hobbs P.V. 2006. Atmospheric science: an introductory survey. 2nd edn. New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wang X.Y. & Wang K.C. 2014. Estimation of atmospheric mixing layer height from radiosonde data. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, 1701–1709.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin F., Grosjean D. & Seinfeld J.H. 1990. Photooxidation of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide. I: mechanism development. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 11, 309–364.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoch D.C. 2002. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate: its sources, role in the marine food web, and biological degradation to dimethylsulfide. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, 5804–5815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar