282
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Making the Maasai: revisiting the history of Rift Valley Maa-speakers c.1800–c.1930

Pages 615-639 | Received 01 Apr 2022, Accepted 03 Nov 2023, Published online: 15 Nov 2023

Bibliography

  • Anderson, D. M. “Cultivating Pastoralists: Ecology and Economy Among the Il Chamus of Baringo, 1840–1980.” In The Ecology of Survival, edited by D. Johnson and D. M. Anderson, 241–260. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1988.
  • Anderson, D. M. “The Beginning of Time? Evidence for Catastrophic Drought in Baringo in the Early Nineteenth Century.” In Resilience and Collapse in African Savannahs, edited by D. M. Anderson and M. Bollig, 45–66. London: Routledge, 2017.
  • Anderson, D. M., and M. Bollig, eds. Resilience and Collapse in African Savannahs. London: Routledge, 2017.
  • Anderson, D. M., and D. H. Johnson, eds. Revealing Prophets. London: James Currey, 1995.
  • Bagge, S. “The Circumcision Ceremony Among the Naivasha Masai.” Journal Anthropological Institute 34 (1904): 167–169.
  • Bassi, M. “Primary Identities in the Lower Omo Valley: Migration, Cataclysm, Conflict and Amalgamation, 1750–1910.” Journal East African Studies 5 (2011): 129–157.
  • Beidelman, T. “The Baraguyu.” Tanganyika Notes and Records 55 (1960): 245–278.
  • Berntsen, J. L. “Maasai Prophets and Prophetic Leadership 1850–1910.” Africa 49 (1979): 134–146.
  • Berntsen, J. L. “Pastoralism, Raiding and Prophets: Maasailand in the Nineteenth Century.” PhD thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1979.
  • Berntsen, J. L. “The Enemy is Us: Eponymy in the Historiography of the Maasai.” History in Africa 7 (1980): 1–20.
  • Buckles, L. K., D. Verschuren, J. W. Weijers, C. Cocquyt, M. Blaauw, and J. S. Sinninghe Damsté. “Interannual and (Multi-)Decadal Variability in the Sedimentary BIT Index of Lake Challa, East Africa, Over the Past 2200 Years: Assessment of the Precipitation Proxy.” Climate of the Past 12 (2016): 1243–1262.
  • David, N. “Prehistory and Historical Linguistics in Central Africa: Points of Contact.” In The Archaeological and Linguistic Reconstruction of African History, edited by C. Ehret and M. Posnansky, 78–95. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982.
  • David, N. “The Archaeological Context of Nilotic Expansion: A Survey of the Holocene Archaeology of East Africa and the Southern Sudan.” In Nilotic Studies, edited by R. Vossen and M. Beckhaus-Gerst, 72–86, 565–566. Berlin: Dietrich-Reimer, 1983.
  • Dundas, K. R. “Notes on the Tribes Inhabiting the Baringo District, East Africa Protectorate.” Journal Royal Anthropological Institute 40 (1910): 49–71.
  • Ehret, C. The Civilisations of Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
  • Erhardt, J. Vocabulary of the Enguduk Iloikop. Ludwigsburg: F. Reihm, 1857.
  • Fischer, G. A. Das Massailand. Hamburg: Mittheilungen der Geographischen Gesselschaft, 1885.
  • Fischer, G. A. “Am Ostufer der Victoria-Njansa.” Petermann’s Geographische Mitteilungen 41 (1895): 1–6, 42–46, 66–72.
  • Fosbrooke, H. A. “An Administrative Survey of the Masai Social System.” Tanganyika Notes and Records 26 (1948): 1–50.
  • Fosbrooke, H. A. “A Note on the Ngassa.” African Studies 13 (1954): 153–154.
  • Fosbrooke, H. A. “The Masai Age-Group System as a Guide to Tribal Chronology.” African Studies 15 (1956): 188–206.
  • Galaty, J. “Maasai Expansion and the New East African Pastoralism.” In Being Maasai, edited by T. Spear and R. Waller, 61–86. London: James Currey, 1993.
  • Gulliver, P. H. “The Conservative Commitment in Northern Tanzania.” In Tradition and Transition in East Africa, edited by P. H. Gulliver, 223–242. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1969.
  • Hamilton, C., and J. Wright. “The Making of the AmaLala: Ethnicity, Ideology and Relations of Subordination in a Precolonial Context.” South African Historical Journal 22 (1990): 3–23.
  • Heine, B., and R. Vossen. “The Kore of Lamu: A Contribution to Maa Dialectology.” Afrika und Ubersee 62 (1979): 272–288.
  • Herring, R. “The View from Mount Otuke: Migrations of the Lango Omiro.” In Chronology, Migration and Drought in Interlacustrine Africa, edited by B. Webster, 283–316. London: Longman, 1979.
  • Hildebrandt, J. M. “On his Travels in East Africa” (Trans.). Proceedings Royal Geographical Society 22 (1877–78): 446–453.
  • Hinde, H., and S. L. Hinde. The Last of the Masai. London: Heinemann, 1901.
  • Hobley, C. W. Ethnology of Akamba and Other East African Tribes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1910.
  • Hodgson, D. Once Intrepid Warriors. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • von Hohnel, L. Discovery of Lakes Rudolf and Stephanie. 2 vols. London: Longman, Green, 1894.
  • Hollis, A. C. The Masai: Their Language and Folklore. Oxford: Clarendon, 1905.
  • Hollis, A. C. “The Masai and Their Traditions.” London Quarterly Review 108 (July 1907): 100–104.
  • Hughes, L. Moving the Maasai: A Colonial Misadventure. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
  • Jacobs, A. H. “The Traditional Political Organisation of the Pastoral Masai.” DPhil thesis, Oxford University, 1965.
  • Jacobs, A. H. “A Chronology of the Pastoral Maasai.” In Hadith I, edited by B. A. Ogot, 10–31. Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1968.
  • Jacobs, A. H. “The Discovery and Oral History of the Narosura Site.” Azania 7 (1972): 79–87.
  • Jennings, C. “Beyond Eponymy: The Evidence for Loikop as an Ethnonym in Nineteenth-Century East Africa.” History in Africa 32 (2005): 199–220.
  • Jennings, C. “Scatterlings of East Africa: Revisions of Parakuyo Identity and History, c.1830–1926.” PhD thesis, University of Texas-Austin, 2005.
  • Johnson, D., and D. M. Anderson, eds. The Ecology of Survival. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1988.
  • Johnson, H. H. The Kilima-Njaro Expedition. London: Keegan Paul, Trench, 1886.
  • Kirk-Greene, A. H. M. “‘Damnosa Hereditas’: Ethnic Ranking and the Martial Races Imperative in Africa.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 3 (1980): 393–414.
  • de Kort, G., I. Bessems, E. Keppens, F. Mees, B. Cumming, and D. Verschuren. “Late-Holocene and Recent Hydroclimatic Variability in the Central Kenya Rift Valley: The Sediment Record of Hypersaline Lakes Bogoria, Nakuru and Elementeita.” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 388 (2013): 69–80.
  • Kosmin, P. Time and Its Adversaries in the Seleucid Empire. Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2018.
  • Krapf, J. L. Vocabulary of the Engutuk Eloikob. Tubingen: Fues, 1854.
  • Krapf, J. L. “Kurze Beschreibung der Masai- und WaKuafi-Stamme im Sudostlichen Afrika.” Das Ausland 30 (1857): 437–466.
  • Lamphear, J. The Traditional History of the Jie of Uganda. Oxford: Clarendon, 1976.
  • Lamphear, J. “The People of the Grey Bull: The Origin and Expansion of the Turkana.” Journal African History 29 (1988): 27–39.
  • Lamphear, J. “Aspects of ‘Becoming Turkana.” In Being Maasai, edited by T. Spear and R. Waller, 87–104. London: James Currey, 1993.
  • Lamphear, J. “The Evolution of Ateker “New Model” Armies: Jie and Turkana.” In Ethnicity and Conflict in the Horn of Africa, edited by K. Fukui and J. Markakis, 63–92. London: James Currey, 1994.
  • Lamprey, R., and R. Waller. “The Loita-Mara Region in Historical Times: Patterns of Subsistence, Settlement and Ecological Change.” In Early Pastoralists of South-West Kenya, edited by P. Robertshaw, 16–35. Nairobi: British Institute in Eastern Africa, 1990.
  • Lonsdale, J. M. “Contests of Time: Kikuyu Historiography, Old and New.” In A Place in the World, edited by A. Harneit-Sievers, 201–254. Leiden: Brill, 2002.
  • Macdonald, J. R. “Notes on the Ethnology of Tribes Met with During the Progress of the Juba Expedition of 1897–9.” Journal Anthropological Institute 29 (1899): 226–250.
  • Merker, M. Die Masai. Berlin: Reimer, 1910.
  • Mol, F. Maasai Language and Culture Dictionary. Lemek: Maasai Centre, 1996.
  • Muriuki, G. N. A History of the Kikuyu 1500–1900. Nairobi: Oxford University Press, 1974.
  • Parsons, T. “Local Responses to the Ethnic Geography of Colonialism in the Gusii Highlands of British-Ruled Kenya.” Ethnohistory 58 (2011): 491–523.
  • Rockel, S. “A Forgotten Drought and Famine in East Africa.” In Droughts, Floods and Global Climatic Anomalies in the Indian Ocean World, edited by P. Gooding, 299–324. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2022.
  • Sandford, G. R. An Administrative and Political History of the Masai Reserve. London: Waterlow & Sons, 1919.
  • Schlee, G. Identities on the Move: Clanship and Pastoralism in Northern Kenya. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1989.
  • Shetler, J. “Interpreting Rupture in Oral Memory: The Regional Context for Changes in Western Serengeti Age Organisation (1850–1895).” Journal African History 44 (2003): 385–412.
  • Shetler, J. Imagining Serengeti. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2007.
  • Sikes, H. L. “Notes on the Hydrology of Lake Naivasha.” Journal East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 13 (1936): 74–89.
  • Sobania, N. W. “The Historical Tradition of the Peoples of the Eastern Lake Turkana Basin c.1840–1925.” PhD thesis, School of Oriental and African Studies, London, 1980.
  • Sobania, N. W. “Defeat and Dispersal: The Laikipiak and Their Neighbours at the End of the Nineteenth Century.” In Being Maasai, edited by T. Spear and R. Waller, 105–117. London: James Currey, 1993.
  • Sobania, N. W., and R. Waller. “Oral History and the End of Time.” Unpubl. Paper, London: SOAS, 1989.
  • Spear, T. “Introduction.” In Being Maasai, edited by T. Spear and R. Waller, 1–18. London: James Currey, 1993.
  • Spear, T. Mountain Farmers. Oxford: James Currey, 1997.
  • Spear, T. “Neo-Traditionalism and the Limits of Invention in British Colonial Africa.” Journal African History 44 (2003): 3–27.
  • Spear, T., and R. Waller, eds. Being Maasai. London: James Currey, 1993.
  • Spencer, P. The Samburu. London: Routledge & Keegan Paul, 1965.
  • Spencer, P. Nomads in Alliance. London: Oxford University Press, 1973.
  • Spencer, P. “Age Systems and Modes of Predatory Expansion.” In Conflict, Age and Power in North East Africa, edited by E. Kurimoto and S. Simonse, 168–185. Oxford: James Currey, 1998.
  • Spencer, P. Time, Space and the Unknown: Maasai Configurations of Power and Providence. London: Routledge, 2003.
  • Stigand, C. H. The Land of Zinj. London: Constable, 1913.
  • Straight, B. “Cutting Time: Beads, Sex and Songs in the Making of Samburu Memory.” In The Qualities of Time, edited by W. James and D. Mills, 267–283. Oxford: Berg, 2005.
  • Straight, B. “Land Conflict, Murder, and the Rise of ‘Timeless Culture’ and Girl Blaming (Samburu, Kenya).” Ateliers D’Anthropologie 47 (2020): 1–45.
  • Straight, B., P. Lane, C. Hilton, and M. Letua. “‘Dust People’: Samburu Perspectives on Disaster, Identity and Landscape.” In Resilience and Collapse in African Savannahs, edited by D. M. Anderson and M. Bollig, 168–188. London: Routledge, 2017.
  • Sutton, J. E. G. “Archaeological Sites in East Africa: Four Studies.” Azania 33 (1998): 1–37.
  • Sutton, J. E. G. “Becoming Maasailand.” In Being Maasai, edited by T. Spear and R. Waller, 38–60. London: James Currey, 1993.
  • Thomson, J. Through Masai Land. London: Samson Low, 1887.
  • Tonkin, E. Narrating Our Pasts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
  • Turton, D. “The Meaning of Place in a World of Movement: Lessons from Long-Term Field Research in Southern Ethiopia.” Journal Refugee Studies 18 (2005): 258–280.
  • Turton, D. “Wilderness, Wasteland or Home? Three Ways of Imagining the Lower Omo Valley.” Journal East African Studies 5 (2011): 158–176.
  • Verschuren, D. “Sedimentation Controls on the Preservation and Time Resolution of Climate-Proxy Records from Shallow Fluctuating Lakes.” Quaternary Science Reviews 18 (1999): 821–837.
  • Verschuren, D., J. Tibby, P. R. Leavitt, and C. N. Roberts. “The Environmental History of a Climate Sensitive Lake in the Former ‘White Highlands’ of Central Kenya.” Ambio 28 (1999): 494–501.
  • Vossen, R. The Eastern Nilotes. Berlin: Reimer, 1982.
  • Wakefield, T. “Routes of Native Caravans from the Coast to the Interior of East Africa.” Journal Royal Geographical Society 40 (1870): 303–338.
  • Waller, R. “The Maasai and the British 1895–1905: The Origins of an Alliance.” Journal African History 17 (1976): 529–553.
  • Waller, R. “‘The Lords of East Africa’: The Maasai in the Mid-Nineteenth Century (c1840–c1885).” PhD thesis, Cambridge University, 1978.
  • Waller, R. “Interaction and Identity on the Periphery: The Trans-Mara Maasai.” International Journal African Historical Studies 17 (1984): 243–284.
  • Waller, R. “Economic and Social Relations in the Central Rift Valley: The Maa-Speakers and Their Neighbours in the Nineteenth Century.” In Kenya in the Nineteenth Century, edited by B. A. Ogot, 83–151. Nairobi: Bookwise, 1985.
  • Waller, R. “Emutai: Crisis and Response in Maasailand 1883–1902.” In The Ecology of Survival, edited by D. Johnson and D. M. Anderson, 73–112. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1988.
  • Waller, R. “Acceptees and Aliens: Kikuyu Settlement in Maasailand.” In Being Maasai, edited by T. Spear and R. Waller, 226–257. London: James Currey, 1993.
  • Waller, R. “Kidongoi’s Kin: Prophecy and Power in Maasailand.” In Revealing Prophets, edited by D. M. Anderson and D. H. Johnson, 28–64. London: James Currey, 1995.
  • Waller, R. “‘They Do the Dictating and We Must Submit’: The Africa Inland Mission in Maasailand.” In East African Expressions of Christianity, edited by T. Spear and I. Kimambo, 83–126. Oxford: James Currey, 1999.
  • Waller, R. “Bad Boys in the Bush?” In Generations Past, edited by A. Burton and H. Charton-Bigot, 135–174. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2010.
  • Waller, R. “Arrivals and Departures: The Maa-Speakers and Their Successors in Naivasha-Nakuru, 1790–1912.” In Agricultural Intensification, Environmental Conservation, Conflict and Co-Existence at Lake Naivasha, Kenya, edited by M. Bollig and G. Kuiper. Leiden: Brill, in press.
  • Waller, R., and K. Homewood. “Elders and Experts: Contesting Veterinary Knowledge in a Pastoral Community.” In Western Medicine as Contested Knowledge, edited by A. Cunningham and B. Andrews, 69–93. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997.
  • White, L. The Comforts of Home. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.
  • Winter, J. C. “Maasai Shield Patterns: A Documentary Source for Political History.” In Zur Sprachgeschichte und Ethnohistorie, edited by W. Mohlig, 324–347. Berlin: Reimer, 1977.
  • Wright, J. “Reflections on the Politics of Being ‘Zulu’.” In Zulu Identities, edited by B. Carton, J. Laband, and J. Sithole, 35–43. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.