Arginine: lysine ratio influences on performance, egg quality, haematology, biochemistry, antioxidant status and immunity of dual-purpose breeding hens exposed to cyclic heat stress

References

• Abdalla AA, Abou-Shehema BM, Hamed RS, El-Deken MR. 2018. Effect of silymarin supplementation on the performance of developed chickens under summer conditions 1- during growth period. Egypt Poult Sci. 38:305– 329.
   Google Scholar
• Abd-El-Gawad EM. 1981. The Mandarah a new breed of chickens. Egypt Poult Sci. 1:16–22.
   Google Scholar
• Abd-Ellah AM. 1995. Effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on performance of laying hens during hot summer months. Assiut Vet Med J. 3:34–83.
   Google Scholar
• Addeo NF, Vozzo S, Secci G, Mastellone V, Piccolo G, Lombardi P, Parisi G, Asiry KA, Attia YA, Bovera F. 2021. Different combinations of butchery and vegetable wastes on growth performance, chemical-nutritional characteristics and oxidative status of black soldier fly growing larvae. Animals. 11(12):3515. doi: 10.3390/ani11123515.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajakaiye JJ, Cuesta-Mazorra M, Garcia-Diaz JR. 2011. Vitamins C and E can alleviate adverse effects of heat stress on live weight and some egg quality profiles of layer hens. Pak Vet J. 31:45–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alagawany M, Elnesr SS, Farag MR, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Karthik K, Michalak I, Dhama K. 2021. Nutritional significance of amino acids, vitamins and minerals as nutraceuticals in poultry production and health–a comprehensive review. Vet Q. 41(1):1–29. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1857887.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Hassani ASA. 2011. Effect of dietary supplementation with different levels of arginine on some blood traits of laying hens. International J of Poultry Science. 10(9):705–709. doi: 10.3923/ijps.2011.705.709.
   Google Scholar
• Aml MB, Abd-Elaal SA. 2020. Effect of acute heat stress conditions on egg production, eggshell quality, intestinal, calcium transport calbindin of the laying hens. Egypt Poult Sci. 40:291–303.
   Google Scholar
• Andersen SM, Waagbø R, Espe M. 2016. Functional amino acids in fish health and welfare. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 8(1):143–169. doi: 10.2741/757.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ani AO, Okpara MO. 2019. Effect of ambient temperature on the performance of shaver brown hens in hot humid environment. AJAAR. 9:1–10. doi: 10.9734/ajaar/2019/v9i330007.
   Google Scholar
• AOAC. 2007. Official Methods of Analysis. 18th Edition. Gaithersburg: Association of Official Analytical chemists.
   Google Scholar
• Aswathi PB, Bhanja SK, Kumar P, Shyamkumar M, Mehra TS. 2019. Effect of acute heat stress on the physiological and reproductive parameters of broiler breeder hens – A study under controlled thermal stress. Indian J Anim Res. 53:1150–1155.
   Google Scholar
• Atakisi O, Atakisi E, Kart A. 2009. Effects of dietary zinc and L-arginine supplementation on total antioxidants capacity, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, egg weight, and blood biochemical values in Japanese quails. Biol Trace Elem Res. 132(1–3):136–143. doi: 10.1007/s12011-009-8378-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attia YA, Al-Harthi MA, Abo El-Maaty HM. 2020. Calcium and cholecalciferol levels in late-phase laying hens: effects on productive traits, egg quality, blood biochemistry, and immune responses. Front Vet Sci. 7:389. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attia YA, Burke WH, Yamani KA. 1994. Response of broiler breeder hens to forced molting by hormonal and dietary manipulations. Poult Sci. 73(2):245–258. doi: 10.3382/ps.0730245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attia YA, Burke WH, Yamani KA, Jensen LS. 1995. Energy allotments and performance of broiler breeders. 2- Females. Poult Sci. 74(2):261–270. doi: 10.3382/ps.0740261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attia YA, Hassan SS. 2017. Broiler tolerance to heat stress at various dietary protein/energy levels. Europ Poult Sci. 81:171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attia YA, Abd El-Hamid EA, Abedalla AA, Berika MA, Al-Harthi MA, Kucuk O, Sahin K, Abou-Shehema BM. 2016. Laying performance, digestibility and plasma hormones in laying hens exposed to chronic heat stress as affected by betaine, vitamin C, and/or vitamin E supplementation. Springerplus. 5(1):1619. doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-3304-0.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Attia YA, Abedalla AA, Berika MA, Abd El-Hamid AE, Abou- Shehema BM. 2012. Effect of Betaine with or without two antioxidants on the performance of dual-purpose breeding hens exposed to heat stress. J Agric Environ Sci. 53:77–88.
   Google Scholar
• Attia YA, Al-Harthi MA, Elnaggar AS. 2018. Productive, physiological, and immunological responses of two broiler strains fed different dietary regimens and exposed to heat stress. It J Anim Sci. 17(3):686–697. doi: 10.1080/1828051X.2017.1416961.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attia YA, Böhmer BM, Roth-Maier DA. 2006. Responses of broiler chicks raised under constant relatively high ambient temperature to enzymes, amino acid supplementations, or diet density. Archiv Geflügelk. 70:80–91.
   Google Scholar
• Attia YA, Hassan RA, Qota EM. 2009. Recovery from adverse effects of heat stress on slow-growing chicks in the tropics 1: effect of ascorbic acid and different levels of betaine. Trop Anim Health Prod. 41(5):807–818. doi: 10.1007/s11250-008-9256-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attia YA, Hassan RA, Tag El-Din AE, Abou-Shehema BM. 2011. Effect of ascorbic acid or increasing metabolizable energy level with or without supplementation of some essential amino acids on productive and physiological traits of slow-growing chicks exposed to chronic heat stress. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 95(6):744–755. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01104.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayo JO, Obidi JA, Rekwot PI. 2010. Seasonal variations in feed consumption, hen-day, mortality and culls of Bovans Black chickens. In Proc. 35th Annual Confer Nigerian Soc Animal Production, Ibadan: University of Ibadan. pp. 415–418.
   Google Scholar
• Balnave D, Brake J. 2001. Different responses of broilers at low, high, or cyclic moderate-high temperature to dietary sodium bicarbonate supplementation due to differences in dietary formulation. Aust J Agric Res. 52(6):609–613. doi: 10.1071/AR00136.
   Google Scholar
• Bansal V, Ochoa JB. 2003. Arginine availability, arginase, and the immune response. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 6(2):223–228. doi: 10.1097/00075197-200303000-00012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett NW, Rowland K, Schmidt CJ, Lamont SJ, Rothschild MF, Ashwell SM, Persia MA. 2019. Effects of acute and chronic heat stress on the performance, egg quality, body temperature, and blood gas parameters of laying hens. Poult Sci. 98(12):6684–6692. doi: 10.3382/ps/pez541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basiouni G, Najib H, Zaki MM, Al-Ankari AS. 2006. Influence of extra supplementation with arginine and lysine on overall performance, ovarian activities and humeral immune response in local Saudi hens. Int J Poult Sci. 5(5):441–448. doi: 10.3923/ijps.2006.441.448.
   Google Scholar
• Belay T, Teeter RG. 1996. Effects of environmental temperature on broiler mineral balance partitioned into urinary and fecal loss. Br Poult Sci. 37(2):423–433. doi: 10.1080/00071669608417873.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berman A, Horovitz T, Kaim M, Gacitua H. 2016. A comparison of THI indices leads to a sensible heat-based heat stress index for shaded cattle that aligns temperature and humidity stress. Int J Biometeorol. 60(10):1453–1462. doi: 10.1007/s00484-016-1136-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollengier-Lee S, Williams PE, Whitehead CC. 1999. Optimal dietary concentration of vitamin E for alleviating the effect of heat stress on egg production in laying hens. Br Poult Sci. 40(1):102–107. doi: 10.1080/00071669987917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borges SA, Maiorka A, Silva AVF. 2003. Fisiologia do estresse calorico ea utilizacao de eletrolitos em frangos de corte. Cienc Rural. 33(5):975–981. doi: 10.1590/S0103-84782003000500028.
   Google Scholar
• Bowen SJ, Washburn KW. 1985. Thyroid and adrenal response to heat stress in chickens and quail differing in heat tolerance. Poult Sci. 64(1):149–154. doi: 10.3382/ps.0640149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozakova NA, Sotirov LK, Sasakova N, Veszelits Lakticova K. 2015. Welfare improvement in laying hens during the hot period under a semi-open rearing system through dietary arginine and vitamin C supplementation. BJVM. 18(3):216–226. doi: 10.15547/bjvm.869.
   Google Scholar
• Brugaletta G, Laghi L, Zampiga M, Oliveri C, Indio V, Piscitelli R, Pignata S, Petracci M, De Cesare A, Sirri F. 2023. Metabolic and microbiota response to arginine supplementation and cyclic heat stress in broiler chickens. Front Physiol. 14:1155324. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1155324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro FLS, Kim HY, Hong YG, Kim WK. 2016. The effect of total sulfur amino acid levels on growth performance, egg quality, and bone metabolism in laying hens subjected to high environmental temperature. Poult Sci. 98(10):4982–4993. doi: 10.3382/ps/pez275.
   Google Scholar
• Carter TC. 1975. Estimation of shell area and egg volume using measurements of fresh egg weight and shell length and breadth alone or in combination. Br Poult Sci. 16:514–543.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chand N, Muhammad S, Khan RU, Alhidary IA, Rehman ZU. 2016. Ameliorative effect of synthetic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on performance traits, antioxidant status and immune response in broiler exposed to cyclic heat stress. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 23(23):23930–23935. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7604-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daghir NJ. 2008. Poultry Production in Hot Climates, 2nd Edition. Oxfordshire, UK: CAB International, Wallinford. , p. 387.
   Google Scholar
• Dhaliwal APS, Dhillon BS. 2019. Impact of heat stress on growth and egg quality of poultry birds. Inter J Chem Stud. 7:2342.
   Google Scholar
• Drubkin D. 1964. Spectrophotometric methods XIV. The crystographic and optical properties of the haemoglobin of man in comparison with those of other species. J Biol Chem. 164:703–723.
   Google Scholar
• Duan X, Li F, Mou S, Feng J, Liu P, Xu L. 2015. Effects of dietary L-arginine on laying performance and antioxidant capacity of broiler breeder hens, eggs and offspring during the late laying period. Poult Sci. 94(12):2938–2943. doi: 10.3382/ps/pev283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebrahimi M, Shahneh AZ, Shivazad M, Pirsaraei ZA, Tebianian M, Ruiz–Feria CA, Adibmoradi M, Nourijelyani K, Mohamadnejad F. 2014. The effect of feeding excess arginine on lipogenic gene expression and growth performance in broilers. Br Poult Sci. 55(1):81–88. doi: 10.1080/00071668.2013.864381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etches RJ, John IM, Gibbins AM. 1995. Behavioral, physiological, neuroendocrine and molecular responses to heat stress., In: Daghir, N.J. editors. Poultry production in hot climates. Wallingford: CAB International. p. 31–65.
   Google Scholar
• Fascina VB, Pasquali GAM, Berto DA, Silva AdL, Garcia EA, Pezzato AC, Gonzales E, Sartori JR. 2017. Effects of arginine and phytogenic additive supplementation on performance and health of brown-egg layers. R Bras Zootec. 46(6):502–514. doi: 10.1590/s1806-92902017000600005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felver-Gan JN, Dennis RL, Zhao J, Cheng HW. 2014. Effects of dietary antioxidant on performance and physiological responses following heat stress in laying hens. Int JPoult Sci. 13(5):260–271. doi: 10.3923/ijps.2014.260.271.
   Google Scholar
• Fouad AM, Chen W, Ruan D, Wang S, Xia WG, Zheng CT. 2016. Impact of heat stress on meat, egg quality, immunity and fertility in poultry and nutritional factors that overcome these effects: a Review. Int J Poult Sci. 15(3):81–95. doi: 10.3923/ijps.2016.81.95.
   Google Scholar
• Fouad AM, El-Senousey HK, Yang XJ, Yao JH. 2013. Dietary L-arginine supplementation reduces abdominal fat content by modulating lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. Animal. 7(8):1239–1245. doi: 10.1017/S1751731113000347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franco-Jimenez DJ, Beck MM. 2007. Physiological changes to transient exposure to heat stress observed in laying hens. Poult Sci. 86(3):538–544. doi: 10.1093/ps/86.3.538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funk EM. 1948. The relation of the yolk index determined in natural position to the yolk index as determined after separating the yolk from the albumen. Poult Sci. 27(3):367. doi: 10.3382/ps.0270367.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross WB, Siegel HS. 1983. Evaluation of the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio as a measure of stress in chickens. Avian Dis. 27(4):972–979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hai L, Rong D, Zhang ZY. 2000. The effect of thermal environment on the digestion of broilers. J Anim Physiol Nutr. 83(2):57–64. doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0396.2000.00223.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamad WEE. 2010. [Comparative study of the effects of season on physiological responses and productivity of local and exotic breeds ]. [(Doctoral dissertation]. University of Khartoum.).
   Google Scholar
• Haugh RR. 1937. The Haugh unit for measuring egg quality. US Egg Poultry Magazine. 43:522–555.
   Google Scholar
• Hawkey CM, Dennett TB. 1989. A color atlas of comparative veterinary hematology. London, England:Wolf Publishing limited.
   Google Scholar
• Heller ED, Nathan DB, Perek M. 1979. Short heat stress as an immunostimulant in chicks. Avian Pathol. 8(3):195–203. doi: 10.1080/03079457908418345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillman PE, Scott NR, Tientoven A. 1985. Physiological responses and adaptations to hot and cold environment. In Yousef, M.K. editor. Stress physiology in livestock. Boca Roton, Floride, CRC Press Inc.; pp. 1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Jahanian R. 2009. Immunological responses as affected by dietary protein and arginine concentrations in starting broiler chicks. Poult Sci. 88(9):1818–1824. doi: 10.3382/ps.2008-00386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaiswal S, Tyagi J, Kolluri G, Marappan G, Chaturvedani A, Dilliwar L. 2017. Analysing the digestive function of the broiler exposed to heat stress both pre-hatch and post-hatch with or without protein synthesis modulator. Int J Livest Res. 7:1. doi: 10.5455/ijlr.20170201093645.
   Google Scholar
• Jiang LL, Wang A, Li ZZ, Yuan YS, Zhang T. 2013. Effect of arginine on growth performance and antioxi- dant function of caged egg-type duckling. Feed Ind. 34:30–33.
   Google Scholar
• Kassim H, Sykes AH. 1982. The respiratory responses of the fowl to hot climates. J Exp Biol. 97(1):301–309. doi: 10.1242/jeb.97.1.301.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kheiri F, Landy N. 2020. Growth Performance, Intestinal morphology, Serum biochemical and hematological parameters in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) fed supplemental L-Arginine. Braz J Poult Sci. 22(3):1–8. doi: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1200.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landy N, Kavyani A. 2013. Effects of using a multi‐strain probiotic on performance, immune responses and cecal microflora composition in broiler chickens reared under cyclic heat stress condition. Iran J Appl Anim Sci. 3:703–708.
   Google Scholar
• Lee JT, Rochell SJ, Kriseldi R, Kim WK, Mitchell RD. 2023. Functional properties of amino acids: improve health status and sustainability. Poult Sci. 102(1):102288. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li MI, Wu JI, Chen Z. 2015. Effects of heat stress on the daily behavior of Wenchang chickens. Rev Bras Cienc Avic. 17(4):559–566. doi: 10.1590/1516-635X1704559-566.
   Google Scholar
• Liu SS, Tan YD, Hu XB, Jia MH, Kogut JM, Yuan JZ, Zhang HF. 2019. Dietary L-arginine supplementation influences growth performance and B-cell secretion of immunoglobulin in broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr . 103(4):1125–1134. doi: 10.1111/jpn.13110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mack LA, Felver-Gant JN, Dennis RL, Cheng HW. 2013. Genetic variation alter production and behavioral responses following heat stress in 2 strains of laying hens. Poult Sci. 92(2):285–294. doi: 10.3382/ps.2012-02589.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmoud KZ, Beck MM, Scheideler SE, Forman MF, Anderson KP, Kachman SD. 1996. Acute high environmental temperature and calcium-estrogen relationships in the hen. Poult Sci. 75(12):1555–1562. doi: 10.3382/ps.0751555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maini S, Rastogi SK, Korde JP, Madan AK, Shukla SK. 2007. Evaluation of oxidative stress and its amelioration through certain antioxidants in broilers during summer. J Poult Sci. 44(3):339–347. doi: 10.2141/jpsa.44.339.
   Google Scholar
• Marai IFM, Habeeb AAM, Gad AE. 2002. Reproductive traits of male rabbits as affected by climatic conditions, in the subtropical environment of Egypt. Anim Sci. 77(3):451–458. doi: 10.1017/S1357729800054394.
   Google Scholar
• Mashaly MM, Hendricks GL, Kalama MA, Gehad AE, Abbas AO, Patterson PH. 2004. Effect of heat stress on production parameters and immune responses of commercial laying hens. Poult Sci. 83(6):889–894. doi: 10.1093/ps/83.6.889.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDaniel CD, Bramwell RK, Wilson JL, Howarth B. 1995. Fertility of male and female broiler breeders following exposure to elevated ambient temperatures. Poult Sci. 74(6):1029–1038. doi: 10.3382/ps.0741029.7644414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merzza HA. 2012. Effect of supplementing different levels of L. Arginine to diet on some egg quality traits to laying hens (Lohmann brown) under heat stress conditions. Al-Anbar J Vet Sci. 10:70–76.
   Google Scholar
• Mignon-Grasteau S, Moreri U, Narcy A, Rousseau X, Rodenburg TB, Tixier-Boichard M, Zerjal T. 2015. Robustness to chronic heat stress in laying hens: a meta-analysis. Poult Sci. 94(4):586–600. doi: 10.3382/ps/pev028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moraa K, Kasiiti Lichoti J, Cecily Ommeh S. 2022. Heat stress and poultry: adaptation to climate change, challenges and opportunities for genetic breeding in Kenya. jagst. 21(1):49–61. doi: 10.4314/jagst.v21i1.6.
   Google Scholar
• Munonye J, Agu K, Esiegwu A, Agou G. 2023. Effects of climate change on poultry production in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. East Afr j Agric Biotechnol. 6(1):188–200. doi: 10.37284/eajab.6.1.1248.
   Google Scholar
• (NRC) National Research Council. 1994. Nutrient requirements of poultry. 9th rev. edn. Washington, DC., USA:National academy press.
   Google Scholar
• Odom TW, Harrison PC, Bottje WG. 1986. Effects of thermal- induced respiratory alkalosis on blood ionized calcium levels in the domestic hen. Poult Sci. 65(3):570–573. doi: 10.3382/ps.0650570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogle CK, Valente JF, Guo X, Li BG, Ogle JD, Alexander JW. 1997. Thermal injury induces the development of inflammatory macrophages from no adherent bone marrow cells. Inflammation. 21(6):569–582. doi: 10.1023/a:1027377904641.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Deeh PB, Sahin N, Komorowski JR, Sahin K. 2018. Organic chromium form alleviates the detrimental effects of heat stress on nutrient digestibility and nutrient transporters in laying hens. Biol Trace Elem Res. 189(2):529–537. doi: 10.1007/s12011-018-1485-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plyaschenko ST, Sidorov VT. 1987. Stress in farm animals. Moscow:Agropromizdat ; p. 190. pp in Russian.
   Google Scholar
• Prinzinger R, Preßmar A, Schleucher E. 1991. Body temperature in birds. Camp Biochem Physiol. 99(4):499–506. doi: 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90122-S.
   Google Scholar
• Renaudeau D, Collin A, Yahav S, Basilio V, Gourdine JL, Collier RJ. 2011. Adaptation to hot climate and strategies to alleviate heat stress in livestock production. Animal. 6(5):707–728. doi: 10.1017/S1751731111002448.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabry MM, EL Salmony AE, Soliman MM, EL Zyat AA, Mohamed HS. 2016. Effect of dietary arginine supplementation on some hormones and its relation to performance of silver Montazah chicken. 2-the effect on laying duration. EPSJ. 36(1):263–278. doi: 10.21608/epsj.2016.33263.
   Google Scholar
• Saeed M, Yatao X, Hassan F-u, Arain M, Abd El-Hack M, Noreldin A, Sun C. 2018. Influence of graded levels of l-theanine dietary supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, organs histomorphometry, blood chemistry and immune response of broiler chickens. IJMS. 19(2):462. doi: 10.3390/ijms19020462.
   Google Scholar
• Sahin K, Kucuk O. 2001. Effect of Vitamin E and Selenium on performance, digestability of nutrients, and carcass characteristics of Japanese quails reared under heat stress (34 degrees C). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 85(11-12):342–348. doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0396.2001.00340.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahin K, Sahin N, Yaralioglu S. 2002a. Effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on lipid peroxidation, blood serum metabolites, and mineral concentrations of laying hens reared at high ambient temperature. Biol Trace Elem Res. 85(1):35–45. doi: 10.1385/BTER:85:1:35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahin K, Kucuk O, Sahin N, Sari M. 2002b. Effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on lipid peroxidation status, some serum hormone, metabolite and mineral concentrations of Japanese quails reared under heat stress, (34 °C). Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 72(2):91–100. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831.72.2.91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahin K, Onderci M, Sahin N, Balci TA, Gursu MF, Juturu V, Kucuk O. 2006. Dietary arginine silicate inositol complex improves bone mineralization in quail. Poult Sci. 85(3):486–492. doi: 10.1093/ps/85.3.486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahin N, Hayirli A, Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Komorowski JR, Sahin K. 2018. Effects of the supplemental chromium form on performance and metabolic profile in laying hens exposed to heat stress. Poult Sci. 97(4):1298–1305. doi: 10.3382/ps/pex435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahin N, Onderci M, Sahin K, Cikim G, Kucuk O. 2005. Magnesium proteinate is more protective than magnesium oxide in heat-stressed quail. J Nutr. 135(7):1732–1737. doi: 10.1093/jn/135.7.1732.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samara MH, Robbins KR, Smith MO. 1996. Environmental heat stress does not reduce blood ionized calcium concentration in hens acclimated to elevated temperatures. Poult Sci. 75(2):197–200. doi: 10.3382/ps.0750197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sapolsky R, Rivier C, Yamamoto G, Plotsky P, Vale W. 1987. Interleukin-1 stimulates the secretion of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor. Science. 238(4826):522–524. doi: 10.1126/science.2821621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sartsoongnoen N, Kamkrathok B, Chaiseha Y. 2018. Effect of temperature on reproductive hormones and egg quality in the native Thai chicken. Avian Biol Res. 11(3):183–190. doi: 10.3184/175815618X15263006853018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inistitute SAS. 2009. SAS User’s Guide: statistics Version 5th ed.. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Inst., Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Schalm OW. 1986. Veterinary hematology. 4th Ed. Philadelphia:Lea and Febiger.
   Google Scholar
• Shahsavari K, Nazeradl K, Lotfollahian H, Ebrahimnezhad Y, Hossini SA. 2012. The interaction between dietary electrolyte balance and microbial phytase on performance. Ann Biol Res. 3:1577–1581.
   Google Scholar
• Sharideh H, Esmaeile Neia L, Zaghari M, Zhandi M, Akhlaghi A, Lotfi L. 2016. Effect of feeding guanidinoacetic acid and L-arginine on the fertility rate and sperm penetration in the perivitelline layer of aged broiler breeder hens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 100(2):316–322. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva LMGS, Murakami AE, Fernandes JIM, Dalla Rosa D, Urgnani JF. 2012. Effects of dietary arginine supplementation on broiler breeder egg production and hatchability. Rev Bras Cienc Avic. 14(4):267–273. doi: 10.1590/S1516-635X2012000400006.
   Google Scholar
• Singh DP, Beloy J, McInerney JK, Day L. 2012. Impact of boron, calcium and genetic factors on vitamin C, carotenoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity of carrots (Daucus carota). Food Chem. 132(3):1161–1170. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sosnówka-Czajka E, Skomorucha I, Herbut E. 2006. Effect of reduced dietary energy levels and vitamin C and E supplementation on the performance and some physiological parameters of broiler chickens exposed to elevated air temperatures. Polish J Natur Sci. 3:517–522.
   Google Scholar
• Sung YJ, Hotchkiss JH, Austic RE, Dietert RR. 1991. L-Arginine-dependent production of a reactive nitrogen intermediate by macrophages of a uricotelic species. J Leukoc Biol. 50(1):49–56. doi: 10.1002/jlb.50.1.49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Syafwan S, Kwakkel RP, Verstegen MWA. 2011. Heat stress and feeding strategies in meat-type chickens. World’s Poult Sci J. 67(4):653–674. doi: 10.1017/S0043933911000742.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Temim S, Chagneau AM, Peresson R, Tesseraud S. 2000. Chronic heat exposure alters protein turnover of three different skeletal muscles in finishing broiler chickens fed 20 or 25% protein diets. J Nutr. 130(4):813–819. doi: 10.1093/jn/130.4.813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tumová E, Gous RM. 2012. Interaction of hen production type, age, and temperature on laying pattern and egg quality. Poult Sci. 91(5):1269–1275. doi: 10.3382/ps.2011-01951.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uuganbayar D, Bae IH, Choi KS, Shin IS, Firman JD, Yang CJ. 2005. Effects of green tea powder on laying performance and egg quality in laying hens. Asian Australas J Anim Sci. 18(12):1769–1774. doi: 10.5713/ajas.2005.1769.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang B, Liu Y, Feng L, Jiang W-D, Kuang S-Y, Jiang J, Li S-H, Tang L, Zhou X-Q. 2015. Effects of dietary arginine supplementation on growth performance, flesh quality, muscle antioxidant capacity and antioxidant-related signalling molecule expression in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Food Chem. 167:91–99. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang S, Bottje WG, Kinzler S, Neldon HL, Koike TI. 1989. Effect of heat stress on plasma levels of arginine, vasotosin and mesotocin in domestic fowl (Gallus Domesticus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol. 93(4):721–724. doi: 10.1016/0300-9629(89)90492-1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu LY, Fang YJ, Guo XY. 2011. Dietary L-arginine supplementation beneficially regulates body fat deposition of meat-type ducks. Br Poult Sci. 52(2):221–226. doi: 10.1080/00071668.2011.559452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang H, Ju X, Wang Z, Yang Z, Lu J, Wang W. 2016. Effects of arginine supplementation on organ development, egg quality, serum biochemical. Brazil J Poult Sci. 18:1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida N, Fujita M, Nakahara M, Kuwahara T, Kawakami SI, Bungo T. 2011. Effect of high environmental temperature on egg production, serum lipoproteins and follicle steroid hormones in laying hens. J Poult Sci. 48(3):207–211. doi: 10.2141/jpsa.010126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Youssef SF, Shaban SAM, Ismail I. 2015. Effect of l-arginine supplementation on productive, reproductive performance, immune response and gene expression in two local chicken strains: 1-egg production, reproduction performance and immune response. Egypt Poult Sci. 35:573–590.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou F, Shao Q-j, Xiao J-x, Peng X, Ngandzali B-O, Sun Z, Ng W-K. 2011. Effects of dietary arginine and lysine levels on growth performance, nutrient utilization and tissue biochemical profile of black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii, fingerlings. Aquaculture. 319(1-2):72–80. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.06.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zulkifli I, Che-Norma MT, Israf DA, Omar AR. 2000. The effect of early age feed restriction on subsequent response to high environmental temperature in female broiler chickens. Poult Sci. 79(10):1401–1407. doi: 10.1093/ps/79.10.1401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar