References
- Stojadinovic O, Lee B, Vouthounis C, Vukelic S, Pastar I, Blumenberg M, Brem H, Tomic-Canic M. Novel genomic effects of glucocorticoids in epidermal keratinocytes: inhibition of apoptosis, interferon-gamma pathway, and wound healing along with promotion of terminal differentiation. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:4021-34; PMID:17095510; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M606262200
- Smoak KA, Cidlowski JA. Mechanisms of glucocorticoid receptor signaling during inflammation. Mech Ageing Dev 2004; 125:697-706; PMID:15541765; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2004.06.010
- Yeager MP, Guyre PM, Munck AU. Glucocorticoid regulation of the inflammatory response to injury. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2004; 48:799-813; PMID:15242423; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2004.00434.x
- Itoi S, Terao M, Murota H, Katayama I. 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 contributes to the pro-inflammatory response of keratinocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 440:265-70; PMID:24055708; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.065
- Slominski A, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Foecking MF, Wortsman J. Metabolism of progesterone to DOC, corticosterone and 18OHDOC in cultured human melanoma cells. FEBS Lett 1999; 455:364-6; PMID:10437805; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00889-3
- Slominski A, Zbytek B, Szczesniewski A, Semak I, Kaminski J, Sweatman T, Wortsman J. CRH stimulation of corticosteroids production in melanocytes is mediated by ACTH. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2005; 288:E701-6; PMID:15572653; http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00519.2004
- Slominski A, Zbytek B, Semak I, Sweatman T, Wortsman J. CRH stimulates POMC activity and corticosterone production in dermal fibroblasts. J Neuroimmunol 2005; 162:97-102; PMID:15833364; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.01.014
- Slominski A, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Foecking MF, Wortsman J. Active steroidogenesis in the normal rat skin. Biochimica et biophysica acta 2000; 1474:1-4; PMID:10699483; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4165(99)00215-9
- Slominski A, Ermak G, Mihm M. ACTH receptor, CYP11A1, CYP17 and CYP21A2 genes are expressed in skin. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 1996; 81:2746-9; PMID:8675607
- Slominski A, Mihm MC. Potential mechanism of skin response to stress. Int J Dermatol 1996; 35:849-51; PMID:8970839; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1996.tb05049.x
- Ito N, Ito T, Kromminga A, Bettermann A, Takigawa M, Kees F, Straub RH, Paus R. Human hair follicles display a functional equivalent of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and synthesize cortisol. FASEB J 2005; 19:1332-4; PMID:15946990
- Slominski A, Wortsman J, Tuckey RC, Paus R. Differential expression of HPA axis homolog in the skin. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007; 265-266:143-9; PMID:17197073
- Slominski AT, Zmijewski MA, Zbytek B, Tobin DJ, Theoharides TC, Rivier J. Key role of CRF in the skin stress response system. Endocr Rev 2013; 34:827-84; PMID:23939821; http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2012-1092
- Skobowiat C, Nejati R, Lu L, Williams RW, Slominski AT. Genetic variation of the cutaneous HPA axis: an analysis of UVB-induced differential responses. Gene 2013; 530:1-7; PMID:23962689; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2013.08.035
- Skobowiat C, Slominski AT. UVB activates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in C57BL/6 mice. J Investigat Dermatol 2015; 135:1638-48; PMID:25317845; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2014.450
- Noti M, Corazza N, Mueller C, Berger B, Brunner T. TNF suppresses acute intestinal inflammation by inducing local glucocorticoid synthesis. J Exp Med 2010; 207:1057-66; PMID:20439544; http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20090849
- Mueller M, Cima I, Noti M, Fuhrer A, Jakob S, Dubuquoy L, Schoonjans K, Brunner T. The nuclear receptor LRH-1 critically regulates extra-adrenal glucocorticoid synthesis in the intestine. J Exp Med 2006; 203:2057-62; PMID:16923850; http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20060357
- Young MJ, Clyne CD, Cole TJ, Funder JW. Cardiac steroidogenesis in the normal and failing heart. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 2001; 86:5121-6; PMID:11701663; http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.86.11.7925
- Kayes-Wandover KM, White PC. Steroidogenic enzyme gene expression in the human heart. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85:2519-25; PMID:10902803
- Hostettler N, Bianchi P, Gennari-Moser C, Kassahn D, Schoonjans K, Corazza N, Brunner T. Local glucocorticoid production in the mouse lung is induced by immune cell stimulation. Allergy 2012; 67:227-34; PMID:22111694; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02749.x
- Slominski A, Zbytek B, Szczesniewski A, Wortsman J. Cultured human dermal fibroblasts do produce cortisol. J Investigat Dermatol 2006; 126:1177-8; PMID:16484985; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jid.5700204
- Slominski A, Zjawiony J, Wortsman J, Semak I, Stewart J, Pisarchik A, Sweatman T, Marcos J, Dunbar C, R CT. A novel pathway for sequential transformation of 7-dehydrocholesterol and expression of the P450scc system in mammalian skin. Eur J Biochem 2004; 271:4178-88; PMID:15511223; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04356.x
- Slominski AT, Li W, Kim TK, Semak I, Wang J, Zjawiony JK, Tuckey RC. Novel activities of CYP11A1 and their potential physiological significance. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 151:25-37; PMID:25448732; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.11.010
- Slominski AT, Zmijewski MA, Skobowiat C, Zbytek B, Slominski RM, Steketee JD. Sensing the environment: regulation of local and global homeostasis by the skin's neuroendocrine system. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 2012; 212:v, vii, 1-115; PMID:NOT_FOUND; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19683-6_1
- Vukelic S, Stojadinovic O, Pastar I, Rabach M, Krzyzanowska A, Lebrun E, Davis SC, Resnik S, Brem H, Tomic-Canic M. Cortisol synthesis in epidermis is induced by IL-1 and tissue injury. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:10265-75; PMID:21239489; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.188268
- Tomlinson JW, Walker EA, Bujalska IJ, Draper N, Lavery GG, Cooper MS, Hewison M, Stewart PM. 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1: a tissue-specific regulator of glucocorticoid response. Endocr Rev 2004; 25:831-66; PMID:15466942; http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2003-0031
- Seckl JR. 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases: changing glucocorticoid action. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2004; 4:597-602; PMID:15525550; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2004.09.001
- Terao M, Murota H, Kimura A, Kato A, Ishikawa A, Igawa K, Miyoshi E, Katayama I. 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 is a novel regulator of skin homeostasis and a candidate target for promoting tissue repair. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25039; PMID:21949844; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025039
- Tiganescu A, Walker EA, Hardy RS, Mayes AE, Stewart PM. Localization, age- and site-dependent expression, and regulation of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in skin. J Investigat Dermatol 2011; 131:30-6; PMID:20739946; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2010.257
- Hennebert O, Chalbot S, Alran S, Morfin R. Dehydroepiandrosterone 7alpha-hydroxylation in human tissues: possible interference with type 1 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-mediated processes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 104:326-33; PMID:17467270; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.03.026
- Cirillo N, Prime SS. Keratinocytes synthesize and activate cortisol: first characterisation of a novel epidermal glucocorticoid system. J Cell Biochem 2011; PMID:21344493
- Terao M, Tani M, Itoi S, Yoshimura T, Hamasaki T, Murota H, Katayama I. 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 specific inhibitor increased dermal collagen content and promotes fibroblast proliferation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93051; PMID:24667799; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093051
- Tiganescu A, Tahrani AA, Morgan SA, Otranto M, Desmouliere A, Abrahams L, Hassan-Smith Z, Walker EA, Rabbitt EH, Cooper MS, et al. 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase blockade prevents age-induced skin structure and function defects. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3051-60; PMID:23722901; http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI64162
- Terao M, Itoi S, Murota H, Katayama I. Expression profiles of cortisol-inactivating enzyme, 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2, in human epidermal tumors and its role in keratinocyte proliferation. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:98-101; PMID:23362866; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/exd.12075
- Skobowiat C, Sayre RM, Dowdy JC, Slominski AT. Ultraviolet radiation regulates cortisol activity in a waveband-dependent manner in human skin ex vivo. Br J Dermatol 2013; 168:595-601; PMID:23363016; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12096
- Holmes MC, Kotelevtsev Y, Mullins JJ, Seckl JR. Phenotypic analysis of mice bearing targeted deletions of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases 1 and 2 genes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2001; 171:15-20; PMID:11165006; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0303-7207(00)00386-5
- Tarutani M, Itami S, Okabe M, Ikawa M, Tezuka T, Yoshikawa K, Kinoshita T, Takeda J. Tissue-specific knockout of the mouse Pig-a gene reveals important roles for GPI-anchored proteins in skin development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:7400-5; PMID:9207103; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.14.7400
- Lim HY, Muller N, Herold MJ, van den Brandt J, Reichardt HM. Glucocorticoids exert opposing effects on macrophage function dependent on their concentration. Immunology 2007; 122:47-53; PMID:17451463; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02611.x
- Ergang P, Vytackova K, Svec J, Bryndova J, Miksik I, Pacha J. Upregulation of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 in lymphoid organs during inflammation in the rat. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 126:19-25; PMID:21513799; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.04.002
- Zbankova S, Bryndova J, Leden P, Kment M, Svec A, Pacha J. 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 and 2 expression in colon from patients with ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 22:1019-23; PMID:17608848; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04529.x
- Stegk JP, Ebert B, Martin HJ, Maser E. Expression profiles of human 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases type 1 and type 2 in inflammatory bowel diseases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 301:104-8; PMID:19022342; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2008.10.030
- Hardy R, Rabbitt EH, Filer A, Emery P, Hewison M, Stewart PM, Gittoes NJ, Buckley CD, Raza K, Cooper MS. Local and systemic glucocorticoid metabolism in inflammatory arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2008; 67:1204-10; PMID:18420938; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2008.090662
- Coutinho AE, Gray M, Brownstein DG, Salter DM, Sawatzky DA, Clay S, Gilmour JS, Seckl JR, Savill JS, Chapman KE. 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, but not type 2, deficiency worsens acute inflammation and experimental arthritis in mice. Endocrinology 2012; 153:234-40; PMID:22067318; http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-1398
- Morgan SA, McCabe EL, Gathercole LL, Hassan-Smith ZK, Larner DP, Bujalska IJ, Stewart PM, Tomlinson JW, Lavery GG. 11beta-HSD1 is the major regulator of the tissue-specific effects of circulating glucocorticoid excess. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E2482-91; PMID:24889609; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1323681111
- Harno E, Cottrell EC, Keevil BG, DeSchoolmeester J, Bohlooly YM, Andersen H, Turnbull AV, Leighton B, White A. 11-Dehydrocorticosterone causes metabolic syndrome, which is prevented when 11beta-HSD1 is knocked out in livers of male mice. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3599-609; PMID:23832962; http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-1362
- Sapolsky RM, Romero LM, Munck AU. How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions. Endocr Rev 2000; 21:55-89; PMID:10696570
- Adcock IM, Caramori G. Cross-talk between pro-inflammatory transcription factors and glucocorticoids. Immunol Cell Biol 2001; 79:376-84; PMID:11488985; http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1711.2001.01025.x
- Chantong B, Kratschmar DV, Nashev LG, Balazs Z, Odermatt A. Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors differentially regulate NF-kappaB activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in murine BV-2 microglial cells. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:260; PMID:23190711; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-9-260