91
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The Effects of a Politician’s Social Media Communication and the Trip’s Purpose on Global Travel

政治家在社交媒体上的言论和旅行目的对全球旅游所产生的影响

Pages 192-211 | Received 02 Feb 2022, Accepted 11 Dec 2022, Published online: 28 Feb 2023

References

  • Abrate, G., Capriello, A., & Fraquelli, G. (2011). When quality signals talk: Evidence from the Turin hotel industry. Tourism Management, 32(4), 912–921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.08.006
  • Adesina, O. S. (2017). Foreign policy in an era of digital diplomacy. Cogent Social Sciences, 3(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2017.1297175
  • Aluri, A., Slevitch, L., & Larzelere, R. (2016). The influence of embedded social media channels on travelers’ gratifications, satisfaction, and purchase intentions. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 57(3), 250–267. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965515615685
  • Ansari, K. A., & Ansari, A. Y. (2020). Pakistan’s digital shopfront: Engaging in digital diplomacy and nation branding through websites. AMCAP Journal of Emerging Social Scientists, 1(1), 27–45.
  • Balboa, M., & Martí, J. (2007). Factors that determine the reputation of private equity managers in developing markets. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(4), 453–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.05.004
  • Beckley, M. (2021). The end of the Affair: US–China relations under Trump. In S. A. Renshon & P. Suedfeld (Eds.), The Trump doctrine and the emerging international system (pp. 227–245). Springer.
  • Belgrade Initiative. (2018). Twiplomacy study 2018. Digital Diplomacy. https://www.bidd.org.rs/twiplomacy-study-2018/
  • Bell, R. G., Moore, C. B., & Al–Shammari, H. A. (2008). Country of origin and foreign IPO legitimacy: Understanding the role of geographic scope and insider ownership. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 32(1), 185–202. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00221.x
  • Bigović, M. (2012). Demand forecasting within Montenegrin tourism using Box-Jenkins methodology for seasonal ARIMA models. Tourism and Hospitality Management, 18(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.18.1.1
  • Bjola, C. (2016). Getting digital diplomacy right: What quantum theory can teach us about measuring impact. Global Affairs, 2(3), 345–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2016.1239388
  • Bodycott, P. (2009). Choosing a higher education study abroad destination: What mainland Chinese parents and students rate as important. Journal of Research in International Education, 8(3), 349–373. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240909345818
  • Bolsover, G. (2017). Computational propaganda in China: An alternative model of a widespread practice. Oxford. https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/89/2017/06/Comprop-China.pdf
  • Bulovsky, A. (2019). Authoritarian communication on social media: The relationship between democracy and leaders’ digital communicative practices. International Communication Gazette, 81(1), 20–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048518767798
  • Burson, C., & Wolfe. (2018). Twiplomacy study 2018. Burson Cohn & Wolfe. Retrieved June 12, 2021, from https://twiplomacy.com/blog/twiplomacy-study-2018/
  • Caceres, R. C., & Paparoidamis, N. G. (2007). Service quality, relationship satisfaction, trust, commitment and business-to-business loyalty. European Journal of Marketing, 41(7/8), 836–867. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560710752429
  • Chhabra, R. (2020). Twitter Diplomacy: A brief analysis. ORF Issue Brief, (335), 1–12.
  • Chung, W., & Kalnins, A. (2001). Agglomeration effects and performance: A test of the Texas lodging industry. Strategic Management Journal, 22(10), 969–988. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.178
  • Cornut, J., Rimmer, S. G. H., & Choi, I.(2021). The liquidification of international politics and Trump’s (un) diplomacy on Twitter. International Politics. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41311-021-00309-0. 59(2). 1–16.
  • Costa, V. (2017). Shaping public diplomacy through social media networks in the 21st century. Romanian Journal of History and International Studies, 4(1), 139–154.
  • Davila, A., Foster, G., & Gupta, M. (2003). Venture capital financing and the growth of startup firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(6), 689–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00127-1
  • Divinagracia, L. A., Divinagracia, M. G., & Divinagracia, D. G. (2012). Digital media-induced tourism: The case of nature-based tourism (NBT) at East Java, Indonesia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 57, 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1161
  • Division, U. N. S. (2008). International recommendations for tourism statistics. New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs Statistics Division. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/trade/IRTS/IRTS%202008%20unedited.pdf
  • Duncombe, C. (2018). Twitter and the challenges of digital diplomacy. SAIS Review of International Affairs, 38(2), 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.2018.0019
  • Enke, N., & Borchers, N. S. (2019). Social media influencers in strategic communication: A conceptual framework for strategic social media influencer communication. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 13(4), 261–277. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2019.1620234
  • Fan, Y. (2010). Branding the nation: Towards a better understanding. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 6(2), 97–103. https://doi.org/10.1057/pb.2010.16
  • Fang, S., Li, X., & Liu, A. Y. (2022). Chinese public opinion about US–China relations from Trump to Biden. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 15(1), 27–46. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poac001
  • Fan, L., Zhang, X., & Rai, L. (2021). When should star power and eWOM be responsible for the box office performance? An empirical study based on signaling theory. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 62(102591), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102591
  • Filieri, R., Raguseo, E., & Vitari, C. (2020). Extremely negative ratings and online consumer review helpfulness: The moderating role of product quality signals. Journal of Travel Research, 60(4), 699–717. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520916785
  • Fischer, E., & Reuber, R. (2007). The good, the bad, and the unfamiliar: The challenges of reputation formation facing new firms. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 31(1), 53–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00163.x
  • Fullerton, J. A., & Kendrick, A. (2013). Strategic uses of mediated public diplomacy: International reaction to US tourism advertising. The American Behavioral Scientist, 57(9), 1332–1349. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764213487737
  • Gee, C. Y., Makens, J. C., & Choy, D. J. L. (1997). The travel industry (3rd ed.). Wiley.
  • Gholipour, H. F., & Foroughi, B. (2020). Business sentiment and international business travels: A cross-country analysis. Journal of Travel Research, 59(6), 1061–1072. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519872828
  • Goranova, M., Alessandri, T. M., Brandes, P., & Dharwadkar, R. (2007). Managerial ownership and corporate diversification: A longitudinal view. Strategic Management Journal, 28(3), 211–225. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.570
  • He, Y., & Hutson, B. (2018). Exploring and leveraging Chinese international students’ strengths for success. Journal of International Students, 8(1), 87–108. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v8i1.153
  • Hocking, B., & Melissen, J. (2015). Diplomacy in the digital age. Netherlands Institute of International Relations. https://www.clingendael.org/sites/default/files/2016-02/Digital_Diplomacy_in_the_Digital%20Age_Clingendael_July2015.pdf
  • Holma, A. -M. (2012). Interpersonal interaction in business triads—case studies in corporate travel purchasing. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 18(2), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2012.04.002
  • Homeland Security. (2012). I-94 website: Travel records for U.S. visitors. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved June 6, 2021, from https://i94.cbp.dhs.gov/I94/#/home
  • Hoque, A., Shikha, F. A., Hasanat, M. W., Arif, I., & Hamid, A. B. A. (2020). The effect of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the tourism industry in China. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 3(1), 52–58.
  • Ittefaq, M. (2019). Digital diplomacy via social networks: A cross-national analysis of governmental usage of Facebook and Twitter for digital engagement. Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia, 18(1), 49–69. https://doi.org/10.17477/jcea.2019.18.1.049
  • Janney, J. J., & Folta, T. B. (2006). Moderating effects of investor experience on the signaling value of private equity placements. Journal of Business Venturing, 21(1), 27–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.02.008
  • Justinek, G. (2019). Human rights gaining momentum in international business (economic diplomacy and international economic law). International Journal of Diplomacy and Economy, 5(2), 163–176. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJDIPE.2019.106786
  • Kalbaska, N., Janowski, T., Estevez, E., & Cantoni, L. (2017). When digital government matters for tourism: A stakeholder analysis. Information Technology & Tourism, 17(3), 315–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-017-0087-2
  • Kaneva, N. (2011). Nation branding: Toward an agenda for critical research. International Journal of Communication, 5, 117–141.
  • Kassen, M., (Ed.). (2015). E-Government as a universal political value. In Understanding systems of e-government (pp. 1–26). Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Kazbek, B., & Almash, A. (2019). Facebook as a digital diplomacy tool: Case of Kazakhstan. Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Social Media, ECSM 2019, Brighton, UK.
  • Khan, M. L., Ittefaq, M., Pantoja, Y. I. M., Raziq, M. M., & Malik, A. (2021). Public engagement model to analyze digital diplomacy on Twitter: A social media analytics framework. International Journal of Communication, 15, 1741–1769.
  • Kim, E. E. K., Seo, K., & Choi, Y. (2021). Compensatory travel post COVID-19: Cognitive and emotional effects of risk perception. Journal of Travel Research, 61(8), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875211048930
  • Kočenda, E., & Černý, A. (2015). Elements of time series econometrics: An applied approach (3rd ed.). Karolinum Press.
  • Kos-Stanišić, L., & Car, V. (2021). The use of soft power in digital public diplomacy: The cases of Brazil and India in the EU. Politička misao: časopis za politologiju, 58(2), 113–140. https://doi.org/10.20901/pm.58.2.05
  • Kulendran, N., & Wilson, K. (2000). Modelling business travel. Tourism Economics, 6(1), 47–59. https://doi.org/10.5367/000000000101297460
  • Lampel, J., & Shamsie, J. (2000). Critical push: Strategies for creating momentum in the motion picture industry. Journal of Management, 26(2), 233–257. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600204
  • Li, X., Gong, J., Gao, B., & Yuan, P. (2021). Impacts of COVID-19 on tourists’ destination preferences: Evidence from China. Annals of Tourism Research, 90(103258), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103258
  • Lim, J., & Won, D. (2020). How Las Vegas’ tourism could survive an economic crisis? Cities, 100, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102643
  • Linh, N. T. K. (2015). Student and youth tourism: A case study from Vietnam. Journal of Developing Areas, 49(5), 293–307. https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2015.0075
  • Li, L., Shen, W., & Xie, A. (2021). Why students leave Chinese elite universities for doctoral studies abroad: Institutional habitus, career script and college graduates’ decision to study abroad. International Journal of Educational Development, 84, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102408
  • Liu, Y., & Han, B. (2020). Study on train routing plan of Y-Line of urban rail transit considering passenger travel purpose. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, September 10-13, Sozopol, Bulgaria.
  • Lubbe, B. (2003). A study of corporate travel management in selected South African organisations and a conceptual model for effective corporate travel management. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 6(2), 304–330. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v6i2.3316
  • Manor, I., & Pamment, J. (2019). Towards prestige mobility? Diplomatic prestige and digital diplomacy. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 32(2), 93–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2019.1577801
  • Manor, I., & Segev, E. (2015). America’s selfie: How the US portrays itself on its social media accounts. In C. Bjola & M. Holmes (Eds.), Digital diplomacy: Theory and practice (pp. 103–122). Routledge.
  • Matchuk, Y. (2020). Practice of digital diplomacy in the Czech Republic. Міжнародні відносини, суспільні комунікації та регіональні студії, 1(7), 166–180. https://doi.org/10.29038/2524-2679-2020-01-166-180
  • Miller, T., & Del Carmen Triana, M. (2009). Demographic diversity in the boardroom: Mediators of the board diversity–firm performance relationship. Journal of Management Studies, 46(5), 755–786. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00839.x
  • Morozov, E. (2012). The net delusion: The dark side of internet freedom. Perseus Books Group.
  • Moser, T. (2021). Work life balance of female international business travelers. University of Vaasa).
  • Munoz, J. M. S. (2013). Handbook on the geopolitics of business. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Myers, S. C., & Majluf, N. S. (1984). Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have. Journal of Financial Economics, 13(2), 187–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(84)90023-0
  • National Travel and Tourism Office. (2019). Visitors travel spending in the United States in 2019, by country of origin in billion U.S. dollars (195829). travel.trade.gov. United States Department of Commerce.
  • Ndofor, H. A., & Levitas, E. (2004). Signaling the strategic value of knowledge. Journal of Management, 30(5), 685–702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2004.04.002
  • Neacşu, M. -C., Neguţ, S., & Vlăsceanu, G. (2018). The impact of geopolitical risks on tourism. Amfiteatru Economic, 20(S12), 870–884. https://doi.org/10.24818/EA/2018/S12/870
  • Neguţ, S. (2008). Geopolitica: Universul puterii. Meteor Press.
  • Nguyen, A. T. (2020). The relationship between tourism and economic growth: Evidence from Oceania. Journal of Tourism Management Research, 7(1), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.31.2020.71.32.41
  • Nip, J. Y., & Sun, C. (2018). China’s news media tweeting, competing with US sources. Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, 13(1), 98–122. https://doi.org/10.16997/wpcc.292
  • Normand, F. (2009). Les États-Unis présentent le principal risque géopolitique. Les Affaires. Retrieved June 3, 2021, from www.lesaffaires.com/strategie-d-entreprise/entreprendre/les-etats-unis-presentent-le-principal-risque-geopolitique/50096
  • Park, S., Chung, D., & Park, H. W. (2019). Analytical framework for evaluating digital diplomacy using network analysis and topic modeling: Comparing South Korea and Japan. Information Processing & Management, 56(4), 1468–1483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2018.10.021
  • Park, N. K., & Mezias, J. M. (2005). Before and after the technology sector crash: The effect of environmental munificence on stock market response to alliances of e-commerce firms. Strategic Management Journal, 26(11), 987–1007. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.489
  • Perkins, S. J., & Hendry, C. (2005). Ordering top pay: Interpreting the signals. Journal of Management Studies, 42(7), 1443–1468. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2005.00550.x
  • Pleșa, D. G. (2020). The role of the Internet and social networks in diplomacy and relations between states. Polis Journal of Political Science, 2(8), 159–171.
  • Popp, M., Schmude, J., Passauer, M., Karl, M., & Bauer, A. (2021). Why don’t they travel? The role of constraints and motivation for non-participation in tourism. Leisure Sciences, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2021.1922959
  • Reddy, D. C. (2022). India and China’s foreign policy in West Asia: Soft power potentials. Specialusis Ugdymas, 1(43), 4520–4530.
  • Richard, J. E., & Zhang, A. (2012). Corporate image, loyalty, and commitment in the consumer travel industry. Journal of Marketing Management, 28(5–6), 568–593. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2010.549195
  • Schliebs, M., Bailey, H., Bright, J., & Howard, P. (2021). China’s public diplomacy operations: Understanding engagement and inauthentic amplifications of PRC diplomats on facebook and twitter. Oxford Internet Institute. Programme on Democracy & Technology
  • Schmoll, G. A. (1977). Tourism promotion: Marketing background, promotion techniques and promotion planning methods. Tourism International Press.
  • Schoonjans, B., Van Cauwenberge, P., & Vander Bauwhede, H. (2013). Formal business networking and SME growth. Small Business Economics, 41(1), 169–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-011-9408-6
  • Shimamoto, K. (2019). Examining the seasonality of travel-related expenditure by travel purpose: The case of Japan. Academica Turistica-Tourism and Innovation Journal, 12(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.26493/2335-4194.12.55-72
  • Simon, H. A. (1990). Bounded rationality. In J. Eatwell, M. Milgate, & P. Newman (Eds.), Utility and probability (pp. 15–18). Springer.
  • Šimunjak, M., & Caliandro, A. (2019). Twiplomacy in the age of Donald Trump: Is the diplomatic code changing? The Information Society, 35(1), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2018.1542646
  • Song, S. Y., Faris, R., & Kelly, J. (2015). Beyond the wall: Mapping twitter in China. Berkman Center Research Publication. https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/28552581
  • Sotiriu, S. (2015). Digital diplomacy: Between promises and reality. In C. Bjola & M. Holmes (Eds.), Digital diplomacy: Theory and practice (pp. 35–52). Routledge.
  • Spence, M. (1973). Job market signaling. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87(3), 355–374. https://doi.org/10.2307/1882010
  • Strauss, N., Kruikemeier, S., van der Meulen, H., & van Noort, G. (2015). Digital diplomacy in GCC countries: Strategic communication of Western embassies on Twitter. Government Information Quarterly, 32(4), 369–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.08.001
  • Tanford, S. (2016). Antecedents and outcomes of hospitality loyalty: A meta-analysis. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 57(2), 122–137. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965516640121
  • Tiago, F., Gil, A., Stemberger, S., & Borges-Tiago, T. (2021). Digital sustainability communication in tourism. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 6(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2019.12.002
  • Tremonti, A. M. (2016). Diplomacy in the Trump era poses challenge to world leaders. CBC. Retrieved February 15, 2021, from https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thecurrent/the-current-for-november-18-2016-1.3855509/diplomacy-in-the-trump-era-poses-challenge-to-world-leaders-1.3855645
  • U.S. Customs. (n.d.). Arrival/Departure forms: I-94 and I-94W. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved June 6, 2021, from https://www.cbp.gov/travel/international-visitors/i-94
  • Van Loon, R., & Rouwendal, J. (2017). Travel purpose and expenditure patterns in city tourism: Evidence from the Amsterdam metropolitan area. Journal of Cultural Economics, 41(2), 109–127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-017-9293-1
  • Wang, Y., Zhu, C., Qiao, G., & Pabel, A. (2022). Understanding the influence of emotional solidarity, positive emotions and loneliness on senior tourists’ willingness to sojourn with companions. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 27(3), 305–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2022.2061366
  • Wynne, M. (2020). Twiplomacy: The soft power role of US embassies in the digital age. The American University of Paris. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2492988109?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true
  • Xiang, Z., & Tussyadiah, I. (2014). Information and communication technologies in tourism. eProceedings of the ENTER PhD Workshop, Dublin, Ireland, January 21-24.
  • Xie, L., & Ritchie, B. W. (2019). The motivation, constraint, behavior relationship: A holistic approach for understanding international student leisure travelers. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 25(1), 111–129. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766717750421
  • Zhang, Y. (2019). As the trade war with China heats up this summer, who is feeling the chill? USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2019/06/18/trade-war-china-hits-tourism-us/1477264001/
  • Zheng, S. (2018). Evaluating the impact of travel motivations, sensation seeking, destination perceived risk on consumer choice. Kent State University.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.