Plants Used in Chinese Medicine for the Treatment of Male Infertility Possess Antioxidant and Anti-Oestrogenic Activity

References

• Agarwal A., Nallella K. P., Allamaneni S. S., Said T. M. Role of antioxidants in treatment of male infertility: an overview of the literature. Reprod Biomed Online 2004; 8: 616–627
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aitken R. J., Baker M. A. Oxidative stress, sperm survival and fertility control. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2006; 250: 66–69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benzie I. F., Strain J. J. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Anal Biochem 1996; 239: 70–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breithofer A., Graumann K., Scicchitano M. S., Karathanasis S. K., Butt T. R., Jungbauer A. Regulation of human estrogen receptor by phytoestrogens in yeast and human cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1998; 67: 421–429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang M. S., Kim W. N., Yang W. M., Kim H. Y., Oh J. H., Park S. K. Cytoprotective effects of Morinda officinalis against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in Leydig TM3 cells. Asian J Androl 2008; 10: 667–674
   Google Scholar
• Clinical Centre of Chinese Medicine. Available: http://www.cccm.co.uk/34.0.html [accessed 1 December 2007].
   Google Scholar
• Coldham N. G., Dave M., Sivapathasundaram S., McDonnell D. P., Connor C., Sauer M. J. Evaluation of a recombinant yeast cell estrogen screening assay. Environ Health Perspect 1997; 105: 734–742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couse J. F., Hewitt S. C., Bunch D. O., Sar M., Walker V. R., Davis B. J., Korach K. S. Postnatal sex reversal of the ovaries in mice lacking estrogen receptors alpha and beta. Science 1999; 286: 2328–2331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drew A. K., Myers S. P. Safety issues in herbal medicine: implications for the health professions. Med J Aust 1997; 166: 538–541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eddy E. M., Washburn T. F., Bunch D. O., Goulding E. H., Gladen B. C., Lubahn D. B., Korach K. S. Targeted disruption of the estrogen receptor gene in male mice causes alteration of spermatogenesis and infertility. Endocrinology 1996; 137: 4796–4805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ernst E. Funding research into complementary medicine: the situation in Britain. Complement Ther Med 1999; 7: 250–253
   Google Scholar
• Ernst E., Resch K. L., Mills S., Hill R., Mitchell A., Willoughby M., Whit A. Complementary medicine—a definition. BR J Gen Pract 1995; 45: 506
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher J. S., Macpherson S., Marchetti N., Sharpe R. M. Human ‘testicular dysgenesis syndrome’: a possible model using in-utero exposure of the rat to dibutyl phthalate. Hum Reprod 2003; 18: 1383–1394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong X., Sucher N. J. Stroke therapy in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM): prospects for drug discovery and development. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1999; 20: 191–196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh T. C., Lu X., Guo J., Xiong W., Kunicki J., Darzynkiewicz Z., Wu J. M. Effects of herbal preparation Equiguard on hormone-responsive and hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma cells: mechanistic studies. Int J Oncol 2002; 20: 681–689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwasaki A., Gagnon C. Formation of reactive oxygen species in spermatozoa of infertile patients. Fertil Steril 1992; 57: 409–416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koo B. S., Kim Y. K., Park K. S., Chung K. H., Kim C. H. Attenuating effect of a traditional korean formulation, Paeng-Jo-Yeon-Nyeon-Baek-Ja-In-Hwan (PJBH), on hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in PC12 cells. Phytother Res 2004; 18: 488–493
   Google Scholar
• Kong L. D., Yang C., Qui X., Wu H. P., Ye D. J. Effects of different processing products of Cortex Phellodendri on scavenging oxygen free radicals and anti-lipid peroxidation. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2001; 26: 245–248
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krege J. H., Hodgin J. B., Couse J. F., Enmark E., Warner M., Mahler J. F., Sar M., Korach K. S., Gustafsson J. A., Smithies O. Generation and reproductive phenotypes of mice lacking estrogen receptor beta. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95: 15677–15682
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kretzschmar G., Nisslein T., Zierau O., Vollmer G. No estrogen-like effects of an isopropanolic extract of Rhizoma Cimicifugae racemosae on uterus and vena cava of rats after 17 day treatment. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 97: 271–277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leduc F., Nkoma G. B., Boissonneault G. Spermiogenesis and DNA repair: a possible etiology of human infertility and genetic disorders. SBiRM 2008; 54: 3–10
   Google Scholar
• Li Y., Zuo Y., Sun W. J. Study on antioxidant activity of two major secoiridoid glucosides in the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum Ait. Zhong Yao Cai 2007; 30: 543–546
   Google Scholar
• Liu J. H., Ho S. C., Lai T. H., Liu T. H., Chi P. Y., Wu R. Y. Protective effects of Chinese herbs on D-galactose-induced oxidative damage. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2003; 25: 447–452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopes S., Jurisicova A., Sun J. G., Casper R. F. Reactive oxygen species: potential cause for DNA fragmentation in human spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 1998; 13: 896–900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ou B., Huang D., Hampsch-Woodill M., Flanagan J. A., Deemer E. K. Analysis of antioxidant activities of common vegetables employing oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays: a comparative study. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50: 3122–3128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyawoye O., Abdel Gadir A., Garner A., Constantinovici N., Perrett C., Hardiman P. Antioxidants and reactive oxygen species in follicular fluid of women undergoing IVF: relationship to outcome. Hum Reprod 2003; 18: 2270–2274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pach D., Willich S. N., Becker-Witt C. Availability of research results on traditional chinese pharmacotherapy. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd 2002; 9: 352–358
   Google Scholar
• Peng S. J., Lu R. K., Yu L. H. Effects of semen Cuscutae, rhizoma Curculiginis, radix Morindae officinalis on human spermatozoan's motility and membrane function in vitro. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1997; 17: 145–147
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qin D. N., She B. R., She Y. C., Wang J. H. Effects of flavonoids from Semen Cuscutae on the reproductive system in male rats. Asian J Androl 2000; 2: 99–102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson K. M., O'Donnell L., Jones M. E., Meachem S. J., Boon W. C., Fisher C. R., Graves K. H., McLachlan R. I., Simpson E. R. Impairment of spermatogenesis in mice lacking a functional aromatase (cyp 19) gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96: 7986–7991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Routledge E. J., Sumpter J. P. Estrogenic activity of surfactants and some of their degradation products assessed using a recombinant yeast screen. Environ Toxicol Chem 1996; 15: 241–248
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santen R. J. Is aromatization of testosterone to estradiol required for inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion in men?. J Clin Invest 1975; 56: 1555–1563
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satoh A., Yokozawa T., Cho E. J., Okamoto T., Sei Y. Antioxidative effects related to the potential anti-aging properties of the Chinese prescription Kangen-karyu and Carthami Flos in senescence-accelerated mice. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2004; 39: 69–82
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sharpe R. M. Declining sperm counts in men—is there an endocrine cause?. J Endocrinol 1993; 136: 357–360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheweita S. A., Tilmisany A. M., Al-Sawaf H. Mechanisms of male infertility: role of antioxidants. Curr Drug Metab 2005; 6: 495–501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skakkebaek N. E., Rajpert-De Meyts E., Main K. M. Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects. Hum Reprod 2001; 16: 972–978
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith R., Vantman D., Ponce J., Escobar J., Lissi E. Total antioxidant capacity of human seminal plasma. Hum Reprod 1996; 11: 1655–1660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sohoni P., Sumpter J. P. Several environmental oestrogens are also anti-androgens. J Endocrinol 1998; 158: 327–339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumpter J. P. Xenoendorine disrupters—environmental impacts. Toxicol Lett 1998; 102–103: 337–342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumpter J. P., Johnson A. C. Lessons from endocrine disruption and their application to other issues concerning trace organics in the aquatic environment. Environ Sci Technol 2005; 39: 4321–4332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szollosi R., Varga I. S. Total antioxidant power in some species of labiatae (adaption of FRAP method). Acta Biol Szeged 2002; 46: 125–127
   Google Scholar
• Tang J. L., Zhan S. Y., Ernst E. Review of randomised controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine. BMJ 1999; 319: 160–161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TCM fertility clinic and TCM healthcare. Available: http://www.tcm-healthcare.co.uk/ [accessed 1 December 2007].
   Google Scholar
• Tempest H. G., Homa S. T., Zhai X. P., Griffin D. K. Significant reduction of sperm disomy in six men: effect of traditional Chinese medicine?. Asian J Androl 2005; 7: 419–425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Twigg J., Fulton N., Gomez E., Irvine D. S., Aitken R. J. Analysis of the impact of intracellular reactive oxygen species generation on the structural and functional integrity of human spermatozoa: lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and effectiveness of antioxidants. Hum Reprod 1998; 13: 1429–1436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyler C. R., Jobling S., Sumpter J. P. Endocrine disruption in wildlife: a critical review of the evidence. Crit Rev Toxicol 1998; 28: 319–361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z. T., Ng T. B., Xu G. J. Recent advances in pharmacognosy research in China. Gen Pharmacol 1995; 26: 1211–1224
   Google Scholar
• Winters S. J., Sherins R. J., Loriaux D. L. Studies on the role of sex steroids in the feedback control of gonadotropin concentrations in men. III. Androgen resistance in primary gonadal failure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1979; 48: 553–558
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xu X., Yin H., Tang D., Zhang L., Gosden R. G. Application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of infertility. Hum Fertil (Camb) 2003; 6: 161–168
   Google Scholar
• Xuejiang W., Ichikawa H., Konishi T. Antioxidant potential of qizhu tang, a chinese herbal medicine, and the effect on cerebral oxidative damage after ischemia reperfusion in rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2001; 24: 558–563
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan R., Lin Y. Traditional Chinese medicine: an approach to scientific proof and clinical validation. Pharmacol Ther 2000; 86: 191–198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Q., Clarke L., Nie R., Carnes K., Lai L. W., Lien Y. H., Verkman A., Lubahn D., Fisher J. S., Katzenellenbogen B. S., Hess R. A. Estrogen action and male fertility: roles of the sodium/hydrogen exchanger-3 and fluid reabsorption in reproductive tract function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 14132–14137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar