2,929
Views
63
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

All Things Great and Small: Organizational Size, Boundaries of the Firm, and a Changing Environment

, , &

References

  • Adler, P. S. (2012). The sociological ambivalence of bureaucracy: From Weber via Gouldner to Marx. Organization Science, 23, 244–266. doi: 10.1287/orsc.1100.0615
  • Afuah, A. (2001). Dynamic boundaries of the firm: Are firms better off being vertically integrated in the face of a technological change? Academy of Management Journal, 44, 1211–1228. doi: 10.2307/3069397
  • Afuah, A. (2003). Redefining firm boundaries in the face of the Internet: Are firms really shrinking? Academy of Management Review, 28, 34–53. doi: 10.5465/AMR.2003.8925207
  • Agarwal, N. C. (1979). Research notes: On the interchangeability of size measures. Academy of Management Journal, 22, 404–409. doi: 10.2307/255598
  • Agarwal, R., & Audretsch, D. B. (2001). Does entry size matter? The impact of the life cycle and technology on firm survival. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 49, 21–43. doi: 10.1111/1467-6451.00136
  • Agarwal, R., Sarkar, M. B., & Echamebadi, R. (2002). The conditioning effect of time on firm survival: An industry life cycle approach. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 971–994. doi: 10.2307/3069325
  • Aldrich, H., & Auster, E. R. (1986). Even dwarfs started small: Liabilities of age and size and their strategic implications. Research in Organizational Behavior, 8, 165–186.
  • Amabile, T. M., & Conti, R. (1999). Changes in the work environment for creativity during downsizing. Academy of Management Journal, 42, 630–640. doi: 10.2307/256984
  • Aragon-Correa, J. A. (1998). Strategic proactivity and firm approach to the natural environment. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 556–567. doi: 10.2307/256942
  • Argyres, N. S., & Zenger, T. R. (2012). Capabilities, transaction costs, and firm boundaries. Organization Science, 23, 1643–1657. doi: 10.1287/orsc.1110.0736
  • Bain, J. S. (1956). Barriers to new competition: Their character and consequences in manufacturing industries. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Baker, D. D., & Cullen, J. B. (1993). Administrative reorganization and configurational context—The contingent effects of age, size and change in size. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 1251–1277. doi: 10.2307/256811
  • Baker, W. E., Faulkner, R. R., & Fisher, G. A. (1998). Hazards of the market: The continuity and dissolution of interorganizational market relationships. American Sociological Review, 63, 147–177. doi: 10.2307/2657321
  • Barnes, B., & Perlroth, N. (2014). Sony films are pirated, and hackers leak studio salaries. The New York Times. Retrieved December 1, 2014, from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/03/business/media/sony-is-again-target-of-hackers.html
  • Barney, J. (2001). Is the resource-based “view” a useful perspective for strategic management research? Yes. Academy of Management Review, 26, 41–56.
  • Barney, J. (2002). Gaining and sustaining competitive advantage. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Barron, D. N. (1999). The structuring of organizational populations. American Sociological Review, 64, 421–445. doi: 10.2307/2657494
  • Batjargal, B., Hitt, M. A., Tsui, A. S., Arregle, J. L., Webb, J. W., & Miller, T. L. (2013). Institutional polycentrism, entrepreneurs’ social networks, and new venture growth. Academy of Management Journal, 56, 1024–1049. doi: 10.5465/amj.2010.0095
  • Baum, J. A., & Oliver, C. (1991). Institutional linkages and organizational mortality. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36, 187–218. doi: 10.2307/2393353
  • Baum, J. A. C., & Haveman, H. A. (1997). Love thy neighbor? Differentiation and agglomeration in the Manhattan hotel industry, 1898–1990. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 304–338. doi: 10.2307/2393922
  • Baumol, W. J. (1959). Business behavior, value and growth. New York, NY: The Macmillan Company.
  • Beatty, R. P., & Zajac, E. J. (1994). Managerial incentives, monitoring, and risk bearing: A study of executive compensation, ownership, and board structure in initial public offerings. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39, 313–335. doi: 10.2307/2393238
  • Belleflamme, P., Lambert, T., & Schwienbacher, A. (2013). Crowdfunding: Tapping the right crowd. Journal of Business Venturing, 29, 585–609. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.07.003
  • Bidwell, M. (2010). Problems deciding: How the structure of make-or-buy decisions leads to transaction misalignment. Organization Science, 21, 362–379. doi: 10.1287/orsc.1090.0457
  • Bidwell, M., & Briscoe, F. (2010). The dynamics of interorganizational careers. Organization Science, 21, 1034–1053. doi: 10.1287/orsc.1090.0492
  • Blau, P. M. (1970). A formal theory of differentiation in organizations. American Sociological Review, 35, 201–218. doi: 10.2307/2093199
  • Bluedorn, A. C. (1993). Pilgrim's progress: Trends and convergence in research on organizational size and environments. Journal of Management, 19, 163–191. doi: 10.1177/014920639301900201
  • Boddewyn, J. J., & Brewer, T. L. (1994). International-business political behavior: New theoretical directions. Academy of Management Review, 19, 119–143.
  • Boeker, W., & Karichalil, R. (2002). Entrepreneurial transitions: Factors influencing founder departure. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 818–826. doi: 10.2307/3069314
  • Bogner, W. C., Thomas, H., & McGee, J. (1996). A longitudinal study of the competitive positions and entry paths of European firms in the US pharmaceutical market. Strategic Management Journal, 17, 85–107. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199602)17:2<85::AID-SMJ785>3.0.CO;2-D
  • Boone, C., Carroll, G. R., & van Witteloostuijn, A. (2004). Size, differentiation and the performance of Dutch daily newspapers. Industrial and Corporate Change, 13, 117–148. doi: 10.1093/icc/13.1.117
  • Boudreau, M.-C., Loch, K. D., Robey, D., & Straud, D. (1998). Going global: Using information technology to advance the competitiveness of the virtual transnational organization. The Academy of Management Executive, 12, 120–128.
  • Bourgeois, L. J. (1981). On the measurement of organizational slack. Academy of Management Review, 6, 29–39.
  • Broschak, J. P. (2004). Managers’ mobility and market interface: The effect of managers’ career mobility on the dissolution of market ties. Administrative Science Quarterly, 49, 608–640.
  • Campbell, B. A., Ganco, M., Franco, A. M., & Agarwal, R. (2012). Who leaves, where to, and why worry? Employee mobility, entrepreneurship and effects on source firm performance. Strategic Management Journal, 33, 65–87. doi: 10.1002/smj.943
  • Cappelli, P., & Keller, J. (2013). Classifying work in the new economy. Academy of Management Review, 38, 575–596. doi: 10.5465/amr.2011.0302
  • Cardinal, L. B. (2001). Technological innovation in the pharmaceutical industry: The use of organizational control in managing research and development. Organization Science, 12, 19–36. doi: 10.1287/orsc.12.1.19.10119
  • Cardinal, L. B., Miller, C. C., & Palich, L. E. (2011). Breaking the cycle of iteration: Forensic failures of international diversification and firm performance research. Global Strategy Journal, 1, 175–186. doi: 10.1002/gsj.17
  • Carson, J. B., Tesluk, P. E., & Marrone, J. A. (2007). Shared leadership in teams: An investigation of antecedent conditions and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 1217–1234. doi: 10.2307/20159921
  • Chang, S. J. (1996). An evolutionary perspective on diversification and corporate restructuring: Entry, exit, and economic performance during 1981–89. Strategic Management Journal, 17, 587–611. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199610)17:8<587::AID-SMJ834>3.0.CO;2-1
  • Chang, S. J., & Singh, H. (1999). The impact of modes of entry and resource fit on modes of exit by multibusiness firms. Strategic Management Journal, 20, 1019–1035. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199911)20:11<1019::AID-SMJ66>3.0.CO;2-9
  • Chang, S. J., & Singh, H. (2000). Corporate and industry effects on business unit competitive position. Strategic Management Journal, 21, 739–752. doi: 10.1002/1097-0266(200007)21:7<739::AID-SMJ117>3.0.CO;2-Q
  • Chen, M. J., & Hambrick, D. C. (1995). Speed, stealth, and selective attack: How small Firms differ from large firms in competitive behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 453–482. doi: 10.2307/256688
  • Chen, M.-J., Su, K.-H., & Tsai, W. (2007). Competitive tension: The awareness-motivation-capability perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 101–118. doi: 10.5465/AMJ.2007.24162081
  • Chen, P. L., Williams, C., & Agarwal, R. (2012). Growing pains: Pre-entry experience and the challenge of transition to incumbency. Strategic Management Journal, 33, 252–276. doi: 10.1002/smj.954
  • Chen, W. R., & Miller, K. D. (2007). Situational and institutional determinants of firms’ R&D search intensity. Strategic Management Journal, 28, 369–381. doi: 10.1002/smj.594
  • Child, J. (1972). Organizational structure, environment and performance: the role of strategic choice. Sociology, 6, 1–22. doi: 10.1177/003803857200600101
  • Child, J. (1973). Predicting and understanding organization structure. Administrative Science Quarterly, 18, 168–185. doi: 10.2307/2392061
  • Coase, R. H. (1937). The nature of the firm. Economica, 4, 386–405. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.x
  • Cohen, W. M., & Klepper, S. (1996). Firm size and the nature of innovation within industries: the case of process and product R&D. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 78, 232–243. doi: 10.2307/2109925
  • Collis, D., Young, D., & Goold, M. (2007). The size, structure, and performance of corporate headquarters. Strategic Management Journal, 28, 383–405. doi: 10.1002/smj.595
  • Combs, J. G., & Ketchen, D. J. (1999). Can capital scarcity help agency theory explain franchising? Revisiting the capital scarcity hypothesis. Academy of Management Journal, 42, 196–207. doi: 10.2307/257092
  • Coyle, J., & Polsky, G. (2013). Acqui-Hiring. Duke Law Journal, 63, 281–346.
  • Cycyota, C. S., & Harrison, D. A. (2002). Enhancing survey response rates at the executive level: Are employee- or consumer-level techniques effective? Journal of Management, 28, 151–176. doi: 10.1177/014920630202800202
  • Cyert, R. M., & March, J. G. (1963). A behavioral theory of the firm. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Elsevier B.V.
  • Daboub, A. J., Rasheed, A. M., Priem, R. L., & Gray, D. (1995). Top management team characteristics and corporate illegal activity. Academy of Management Review, 20, 138–170.
  • Daily, C. M. (1995). The relationship between board composition and leadership structure and bankruptcy reorganization outcomes. Journal of Management, 21, 1041–1056. doi: 10.1177/014920639502100602
  • Daily, C. M., & Dalton, D. R. (1994). Corporate governance and the bankrupt rirm: An empirical assessment. Strategic Management Journal, 15, 643–654. doi: 10.1002/smj.4250150806
  • Dalton, D. R., Daily, C. M., Ellstrand, A. E., & Johnson, J. L. (1998). Meta-analytic reviews of board composition, leadership structure, and financial performance. Strategic Management Journal, 19, 269–290. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199803)19:3<269::AID-SMJ950>3.0.CO;2-K
  • Damanpour, F. (1992). Organizational size and innovation. Organization Studies, 13, 375–402. doi: 10.1177/017084069201300304
  • Das, S., Sen, P. K., & Sengupta, S. (1998). Impact of strategic alliances on firm valuation. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 27–41. doi: 10.2307/256895
  • D'Aunno, T., Succi, M., & Alexander, J. A. (2000). The role of institutional and market forces in divergent organizational change. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45, 679–703. doi: 10.2307/2667016
  • Davidson, W. N., Worrell, D. L., & Fox, J. B. (1996). Early retirement programs and firm performance. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 970–984. doi: 10.2307/256719
  • Dean, T. J., Brown, R. L., & Bamford, C. E. (1998). Differences in large and small firm responses to environmental context: Strategic implications from a comparative analysis of business formations. Strategic Management Journal, 19, 709–728. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199808)19:8<709::AID-SMJ966>3.0.CO;2-9
  • Deephouse, D. L. (1996). Does isomorphism legitimate? Academy of Management Journal, 39, 1024–1039. doi: 10.2307/256722
  • Delacroix, J., & Swaminathan, A. (1991). Cosmetic, speculative, and adaptive organizational change in the wine industry: A longitudinal study. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36, 631–661. doi: 10.2307/2393277
  • Delaney, J. T., & Huselid, M. A. (1996). The impact of human resource management practices on perceptions of organizational performance. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 949–969. doi: 10.2307/256718
  • Demirkan, I., Deeds, D. L., & Demirkan, S. (2013). Exploring the role of network characteristics, knowledge quality, and inertia on the evolution of scientific networks. Journal of Management, 39, 1462–1489. doi: 10.1177/0149206312453739
  • Derfus, P. J., Maggitti, P. G., Grimn, C. M., & Smith, K. G. (2008). The Red Queen effect: Competitive actions and firm performance. Academy of Management Journal, 51, 61–80. doi: 10.5465/AMJ.2008.30708624
  • DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48, 147–160. doi: 10.2307/2095101
  • Dobbin, F., Sutton, J. R., Meyer, J. W., & Scott, R. (1993). Equal opportunity law and the construction of internal labor markets. American Journal of Sociology, 99, 396–427. doi: 10.1086/230269
  • Dobrev, S. D., & Carroll, G. R. (2003). Size (and competition) among organizations: Modeling scale-based selection among automobile producers in four major countries, 1885–1981. Strategic Management Journal, 24, 541–558. doi: 10.1002/smj.317
  • Dobrev, S. D., Kim, T. Y., & Carroll, G. R. (2003). Shifting gears, shifting niches: Organizational inertia and change in the evolution of the US automobile industry, 1885–1981. Organization Science, 14, 264–282. doi: 10.1287/orsc.14.3.264.15163
  • Dobrev, S. D., Kim, T.-Y., & Hannan, M. T. (2001). Dynamics of niche width and resource partitioning. American Journal of Sociology, 106, 1299–1337. doi: 10.1086/320821
  • Dougherty, D., & Hardy, C. (1996). Sustained product innovation in large, mature organizations: Overcoming innovation-to-organization problems. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 1120–1153. doi: 10.2307/256994
  • Dubois, S. (2011). The end of Big Oil? Not so fast. Fortune Magazine. Retrieved December 1, 2014, from http://fortune.com/2011/08/05/the-end-of-big-oil-not-so-fast/
  • Ebben, J. J., & Johnson, A. C. (2005). Efficiency, flexibility, or both? Evidence linking strategy to performance in small firms. Strategic Management Journal, 26, 1249–1259. doi: 10.1002/smj.503
  • Edelman, L. B. (1990). Legal environments and organizational governance: The expansion of due process in the American workplace. American Journal of Sociology, 95, 1401–1440. doi: 10.1086/229459
  • Esty, D. C., & Caves, R. E. (1983). Market structure and political influence: New data on political expenditures, activity, and success. Economic Inquiry, 21, 24–38. doi: 10.1111/j.1465-7295.1983.tb00614.x
  • Farivar, C. (2013). State-by-state, America keeps betting on online poker and gambling. Ars Technica. Retrieved August 1, 2014, from http://arstechnica.com/business/2013/05/state-by-state-america-keeps-betting-on-online-poker-and-gambling/
  • Felin, T., & Zenger, T. R. (2011). Information aggregation, matching and radical market-hierarchy hybrids: Implications for the theory of the firm. Strategic Organization, 9, 163–173. doi: 10.1177/1476127011408250
  • Fisher, S. R., & White, M. A. (2000). Downsizing in a learning organization: Are there hidden costs? Academy of Management Review, 25, 244–251. doi: 10.5465/AMR.2000.2791613
  • Fombrun, C., & Shanley, M. (1990). What's in a name? Reputation building and corporate strategy. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 233–258. doi: 10.2307/256324
  • Fong, E. A., Misangyi, V. F., & Tosi, H. L. (2010). The effect of CEO pay deviations on CEO withdrawal, firm size, and firm profits. Strategic Management Journal, 31, 629–651.
  • Fortune, A., & Mitchell, W. (2012). Unpacking firm exit at the firm and industry levels: The adaptation and selection of firm capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 33, 794–819. doi: 10.1002/smj.972
  • Freeman, J., Carroll, G. R., & Hannan, M. T. (1983). The liability of newness: Age dependence in organizational death rates. American Sociological Review, 48, 692–710. doi: 10.2307/2094928
  • Fuentelsaz, L., Gomez, J., & Polo, Y. (2002). Followers’ entry timing: Evidence from the Spanish banking sector after deregulation. Strategic Management Journal, 23, 245–264. doi: 10.1002/smj.222
  • Gaba, V., & Terlaak, A. (2013). Decomposing uncertainty and its effects on imitation in firm exit decisions. Organization Science, 24, 1847–1869. doi: 10.1287/orsc.2013.0823
  • Geroski, P. A., Mata, J., & Portugal, P. (2010). Founding conditions and the survival of new firms. Strategic Management Journal, 31, 510–529.
  • Glynn, M. A. (1996). Innovative genius: A framework for relating individual and organizational intelligences to innovation. Academy of Management Review, 21, 1081–1111.
  • Gooderham, P. N., Nordhaug, O., & Ringdal, K. (1999). Institutional and rational determinants of organizational practices: Human resource management in European firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 507–531. doi: 10.2307/2666960
  • Google. (2014). Inside search: How search works. Retrieved December 6, 2014, from http://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/crawling-indexing.html
  • Graves, S. B., & Langowitz, N. S. (1993). Innovative productivity and returns to scale in the pharmaceutical industry. Strategic Management Journal, 14, 593–605. doi: 10.1002/smj.4250140803
  • Gray, S. R., & Cannella, A. A. (1997). The role of risk in executive compensation. Journal of Management, 23, 517–540. doi: 10.1016/S0149-2063(97)90046-5
  • Greenpeace. (2014). 40 years of Greenpeace victories. Retrieved August 12, 2014, from http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/campaigns/victories/
  • Greenwald, G., MacAskill, E., & Ackerman, S. (2013, June 6). NSA collecting phone records of millions of Verizon customers daily. The Guardian. Retrieved December 6, 2014, from http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/06/nsa-phone-records-verizon-court-order
  • Greenwood, R., Magan Diaz, A., Li, S. X., & Cespedes Lorente, J. (2010). The multiplicity of institutional logics and the heterogeneity of organizational responses. Organization Science, 21, 521–539. doi: 10.1287/orsc.1090.0453
  • Greve, H. R. (2008). A behavioral theory of firm growth: Sequential attention to size and performance goals. Academy of Management Journal, 51, 476–494. doi: 10.5465/AMJ.2008.32625975
  • Greve, H. R. (2010). Positional rigidity: Low performance and resource acquisition in large and small firms. Strategic Management Journal, 32, 103–114. doi: 10.1002/smj.875
  • Greve, H. R. (2011). Fast and expensive: The diffusion of a disappointing innovation. Strategic Management Journal, 32(9), 949–968. doi: 10.1002/smj.922
  • Gulati, R., & Higgins, M. C. (2003). Which ties matter when? The contingent effects of interorganizational partnerships on IPO success. Strategic Management Journal, 24, 127–144. doi: 10.1002/smj.287
  • Guler, I., & Nerkar, A. (2012). The impact of global and local cohesion on innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. Strategic Management Journal, 33, 535–549. doi: 10.1002/smj.957
  • Hall, M., & Weiss, L. (1967). Firm size and profitability. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 49, 319–331. doi: 10.2307/1926642
  • Hannan, M. T., Carroll, G. R., Dobrev, S. D., & Han, J. (1998). Organizational mortality in European and American automobile industries Part I: Revisiting the effects of age and size. European Sociological Review, 14, 279–302. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.esr.a018240
  • Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. (1977). The population ecology of organizations. American Journal of Sociology, 82, 929–964. doi: 10.1086/226424
  • Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. (1984). Structural inertia and organizational change. American Sociological Review, 49, 149–164. doi: 10.2307/2095567
  • Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. (1989). Organizational ecology. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Hannan, M. T., Pólos, L., & Carroll, G. R. (2002). Structural inertia and organizational change revisited II: Complexity, opacity, and change. Working Paper.
  • Haunschild, P. R., & Beckman, C. M. (1998). When do interlocks matter? Alternate sources of information and interlock influence. Administrative Science Quarterly, 43, 815–844. doi: 10.2307/2393617
  • Haunschild, P. R., & Miner, A. S. (1997). Modes of interorganizational imitation: The effects of outcome salience and uncertainty. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 472–500. doi: 10.2307/2393735
  • Haveman, H. A. (1993a). Organizational size and change: Diversification in the savings and loan industry after deregulation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38, 20–50. doi: 10.2307/2393253
  • Haveman, H. A. (1993b). Follow the leader: Mimetic isomorphism and entry into new markets. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38, 593–627. doi: 10.2307/2393338
  • Haveman, H. A. (1993c). Ghosts of managers past: Managerial succession and organizational mortality. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 864–881. doi: 10.2307/256762
  • Haveman, H. A. (1995). The demographic metabolism of organizations: Industry dynamics, turnover, and tenure distributions. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 586–618. doi: 10.2307/2393755
  • Hayek, F. A. (1945). The use of knowledge in society. The American Economic Review, 35, 519–530.
  • Haynes, K. T., Campbell, J. T., & Hitt, M. A. (in press). When more is not enough executive greed and its influence on shareholder wealth. Journal of Management. doi:10.1177/0149206314535444.
  • Henderson, A. D., & Fredrickson, J. W. (1996). Information-processing demands as a determinant of CEO compensation. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 575–606. doi: 10.2307/256656
  • Henderson, A. D., & Fredrickson, J. W. (2001). Top management team coordination needs and the CEO pay gap: A competitive test of economic and behavioral views. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 96–117. doi: 10.2307/3069339
  • Hillman, A. J., Keim, G. D., & Schuler, D. (2004). Corporate political activity: A review and research agenda. Journal of Management, 30, 837–857.
  • Hitt, M. A., Hoskisson, R. E., & Ireland, R. D. (1990). Mergers and acquisitions and managerial commitment to innovation in M-form firms. Strategic Management Journal, 11, 29–48.
  • Hitt, M. A., Hoskisson, R. E., & Ireland, R. D. (1994). A mid-range theory of the interactive effects of international and product diversification on innovation and performance. Journal of Management, 20, 297–326. doi: 10.1016/0149-2063(94)90018-3
  • Hitt, M. A., Hoskisson, R. E., & Kim, H. (1997). International diversification: Effects on innovation and firm performance in product-diversified firms. Academy of Management Journal, 40, 767–798. doi: 10.2307/256948
  • Hitt, M. A., Keats, B. W., & DeMarie, S. M. (1998). Navigating in the new competitive landscape: Building strategic flexibility and competitive advantage in the 21st century. The Academy of Management Executive, 12, 22–42.
  • Hoch, J. E., & Kozlowski, S. W. (2014). Leading virtual teams: Hierarchical leadership, structural supports, and shared team leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99, 390–403. doi: 10.1037/a0030264
  • Holmes, R. M., Miller, T., Hitt, M. A., & Salmador, M. P. (2013). The interrelationships among informal institutions, formal institutions and inward foreign direct investment. Journal of Management, 39, 531–566. doi: 10.1177/0149206310393503
  • Hoover, J. D., & Giambatista, R. C. (2013). Millennials and organizational development. Academy of Management Proceedings, 13333.
  • Hoskisson, R. E., & Hitt, M. A. (1994). Downscoping: How to Tame the diversified firm. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Hudson, B. A. (2008). Against all odds: A consideration of core-stigmatized organizations. Academy of Management Review, 33, 252–266. doi: 10.5465/AMR.2008.27752775
  • Hufbauer, G. C., & Vieiro, M. (2011). US tax discrimination against large corporations should be discarded. Peterson Institute for International Economics, PB11-16.
  • Huselid, M. A. (1995). The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity, and corporate financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 635–672. doi: 10.2307/256741
  • Huselid, M. A., & Becker, B. E. (2011). Bridging micro and macro domains: Workforce differentiation and strategic human resource management. Journal of Management, 37, 421–428. doi: 10.1177/0149206310373400
  • Huselid, M. A., Jackson, S. E., & Schuler, R. S. (1997). Technical and strategic human resource management effectiveness as determinants of firm performance. Academy of Management Journal, 40, 171–188. doi: 10.2307/257025
  • Iaquinto, A. L., & Fredrickson, J. W. (1997). Top management team agreement about the strategic decision process: A test of some of its determinants and consequences. Strategic Management Journal, 18, 63–75. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199701)18:1<63::AID-SMJ835>3.0.CO;2-N
  • Ireland, R. D., & Hitt, M. A. (1999). Achieving and maintaining strategic competitiveness in the 21st century: The role of strategic leadership. The Academy of Management Executive, 13, 43–57.
  • Jacobides, M. G., & Hitt, L. M. (2005). Losing sight of the forest for the trees? Productive capabilities and gains from trade as drivers of vertical scope. Strategic Management Journal, 26, 1209–1227. doi: 10.1002/smj.501
  • Jaffee, D. M., & Russell, T. (1997). Catastrophe insurance, capital markets, and uninsurable risks. The Journal of Risk and Insurance, 64, 205–230. doi: 10.2307/253729
  • Jayaraman, N., Khorana, A., Nelling, E., & Covin, J. (2000). CEO founder status and firm financial performance. Strategic Management Journal, 21, 1215–1224. doi: 10.1002/1097-0266(200012)21:12<1215::AID-SMJ146>3.0.CO;2-0
  • Jovanovic, B. (1982). Selection and the evolution of industry. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 50, 649–670. doi: 10.2307/1912606
  • Kacperczyk, A. J. (2012). Opportunity structures in established firms: Entrepreneurship versus intrapreneurship in mutual funds. Administrative Science Quarterly, 57, 484–521. doi: 10.1177/0001839212462675
  • Kale, P., Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (2002). Alliance capability, stock market response, and long-term alliance success: The role of the alliance function. Strategic Management Journal, 23, 747–767. doi: 10.1002/smj.248
  • Kane, T. (2010). The importance of startups in job creation and job destruction. Kauffman Foundation Research Series: Firm Formation and Economic Growth. Retrieved from http://www.usinnovation.org/files/Firm_Formation-importance_of_startups_to_job_creation.pdf
  • Kelm, K. M., Narayanan, V., & Pinches, G. E. (1995). Shareholder value creation during R&D innovation and commercialization stages. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 770–786. doi: 10.2307/256745
  • Kimberly, J. R. (1976). Organizational size and the structuralist perspective: A review, critique, and proposal. Administrative Science Quarterly, 21, 571–597. doi: 10.2307/2391717
  • King, B. G. (2008). A political mediation model of corporate response to social movement activism. Administrative Science Quarterly, 53, 395–421. doi: 10.2189/asqu.53.3.395
  • King, D. R., Covin, J. G., & Hegarty, W. H. (2003). Complementary resources and the exploitation of technological innovations. Journal of Management, 29, 589–606. doi: 10.1016/S0149-2063(03)00026-6
  • Kirkman, B. L., & Mathieu, J. E. (2005). The dimensions and antecedents of team virtuality. Journal of Management, 31, 700–718. doi: 10.1177/0149206305279113
  • Knight, G. A., & Cavusgil, S. T. (2004). Innovation, organizational capabilities, and the born-global firm. Journal of International Business Studies, 35, 124–141. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400071
  • Kogut, B., & Zander, U. (1992). Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology. Organization Science, 3, 383–397. doi: 10.1287/orsc.3.3.383
  • Konrad, A. M., & Linnehan, F. (1995). Formalized HRM structures: coordinating equal employment opportunity or concealing organizational practices? Academy of Management Journal, 38, 787–820. doi: 10.2307/256746
  • Kostova, T., & Zaheer, S. (1999). Organizational legitimacy under conditions of complexity: The case of the multinational enterprise. Academy of Management Review, 24, 64–81.
  • Kunreuther, H., & Michel-Kerjan, E. (2004). Dealing with extreme events: new challenges for terrorism risk coverage in the US. Center for Risk Management and Decision Processes, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.
  • Kurland, N. B., & Egan, T. D. (1999). Telecommuting: Justice and control in the virtual organization. Organization Science, 10, 500–513. doi: 10.1287/orsc.10.4.500
  • Lampel, J., & Mintzberg, H. (1996). Customizing customization. Sloan Management Review, 38, 21–30.
  • Lange, D., & Washburn, N. T. (2012). Understanding attributions of corporate social irresponsibility. Academy of Management Review, 37, 300–326. doi: 10.5465/amr.2010.0522
  • Larwood, L., Falbe, C. M., Kriger, M. P., & Miesing, P. (1995). Structure and meaning of organizational vision. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 740–769. doi: 10.2307/256744
  • Lavie, D. (2006). The competitive advantage of interconnected firms: An extension of the resource-based view. Academy of Management Review, 31, 638–658. doi: 10.5465/AMR.2006.21318922
  • Lavie, D., Kang, J., & Rosenkopf, L. (2011). Balance within and across domains: The performance implications of exploration and exploitation in alliances. Organization Science, 22, 1517–1538. doi: 10.1287/orsc.1100.0596
  • Lecocq, X., & Demil, B. (2006). Strategizing industry structure: The case of open systems in a low-tech industry. Strategic Management Journal, 27, 891–898. doi: 10.1002/smj.544
  • Leiblein, M. J., & Madsen, T. L. (2009). Unbundling competitive heterogeneity: Incentive structures and capability influences on technological innovation. Strategic Management Journal, 30, 711–735. doi: 10.1002/smj.746
  • Lien, L. B., & Klein, P. G. (2013). Can the survivor principle survive diversification? Organization Science, 24, 1478–1494. doi: 10.1287/orsc.1120.0793
  • Lin, X. H., & Germain, R. (2003). Organizational structure, context, customer orientation, and performance: Lessons from Chinese state-owned enterprises. Strategic Management Journal, 24, 1131–1151. doi: 10.1002/smj.348
  • Lin, Z., Yang, H., & Demirkan, I. (2007). The performance consequences of ambidexterity in strategic alliance formations: Empirical investigation and computational theorizing. Management Science, 53, 1645–1658. doi: 10.1287/mnsc.1070.0712
  • Ling, Y., Simsek, Z., Lubatkin, M. H., & Veiga, J. F. (2008). The impact of transformational CEOs on the performance of small-to medium-sized firms: Does organizational context matter? Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 923–934. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.93.4.923
  • Ling, Y., Zhao, H., & Baron, R. A. (2007). Influence of founder-CEOs’ personal values on firm performance: Moderating effects of firm age and size. Journal of Management, 33, 673–696. doi: 10.1177/0149206307305564
  • Luoma, P., & Goodstein, J. (1999). Stakeholders and corporate boards: Institutional influences on board composition and structure. Academy of Management Journal, 42, 553–563. doi: 10.2307/256976
  • Makri, M., Hitt, M. A., & Lane, P. J. (2010). Complementary technologies, knowledge relatedness, and invention outcomes in high technology mergers and acquisitions. Strategic Management Journal, 31, 602–628.
  • Manne, G. A., & Wright, J. D. (2011). Google and the limits of antitrust: The case against the case against Google. Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, 34, 171–244.
  • Mansfield, E. (1962). Entry, Gibrat's law, innovation, and the growth of firms. The American Economic Review, 52, 1023–1051.
  • Markides, C. C. (1995). Diversification, restructuring and economic performance. Strategic Management Journal, 16, 101–118. doi: 10.1002/smj.4250160203
  • Markides, C. C., & Williamson, P. J. (1994). Related diversification, core competences, and corporate performance. Strategic Management Journal, 15, 149–165. doi: 10.1002/smj.4250151010
  • Marks, G. (2014). Can you guess who benefits the most from Sony's data breach? Forbes. Retrieved December 1, 2014, from http://www.forbes.com/sites/quickerbettertech/2014/12/08/can-you-guess-who-benefits-the-most-from-sonys-data-breach/
  • Mason, E. S. (1939). Price and production policies of large-scale enterprise. The American Economic Review, 29, 61–74.
  • Mas-Ruiz, F., & Ruiz-Moreno, F. (2011). Rivalry within strategic groups and consequences for performance: the firm-size effects. Strategic Management Journal, 32, 1286–1308. doi: 10.1002/smj.936
  • Mas-Ruiz, F. J., Nicolau-Gonzalbez, J. L., & Ruiz-Moreno, F. (2005). Asymmetric rivalry between strategic groups: Response, speed of response and ex ante vs. ex post competitive interaction in the Spanish bank deposit market. Strategic Management Journal, 26, 713–745. doi: 10.1002/smj.471
  • McKendall, M. A., & Wagner, J. A. (1997). Motive, opportunity, choice and corporate illegality. Organization Science, 8, 624–647. doi: 10.1287/orsc.8.6.624
  • McNamara, G. M., Haleblian, J., & Dykes, B. J. (2008). The performance implications of participating in an acquisition wave: Early mover advantages, bandwagon effects, and the moderating influence of industry characteristics and acquirer tactics. Academy of Management Journal, 51, 113–130. doi: 10.5465/AMJ.2008.30755057
  • McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2001). Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspective. Academy of Management Review, 26, 117–127.
  • Merchant, H., & Schendel, D. (2000). How do international joint ventures create shareholder value? Strategic Management Journal, 21, 723–737. doi: 10.1002/1097-0266(200007)21:7<723::AID-SMJ114>3.0.CO;2-H
  • Miller, C. C., & Cardinal, L. B. (1994). Strategic planning and firm performance: A synthesis of more than two decades of research. Academy of Management Journal, 37, 1649–1665. doi: 10.2307/256804
  • Miller, C. C., Washburn, N. T., & Glick, W. H. (2013). The myth of firm performance. Organization Science, 24, 948–964. doi: 10.1287/orsc.1120.0762
  • Miller, D., & Friesen, P. H. (1983). Successful and unsuccessful phases of the corporate life cycle. Organization Studies, 4, 339–356. doi: 10.1177/017084068300400403
  • Miller, D. J. (1995). CEO salary increases may be rational after all: Referents and contracts in CEO pay. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 1361–1385. doi: 10.2307/256861
  • Mittelstaedt, J. D., Harben, G. N., & Ward, W. A. (2003). How small is too small? Firm size as a barrier to exporting from the United States. Journal of Small Business Management, 41, 68–84. doi: 10.1111/1540-627X.00067
  • Morrell, D. L. (2011). Employee perceptions and the motivation of nonmonetary incentives. Compensation & Benefits Review, 43, 318–323. doi: 10.1177/0886368711407998
  • Moulton, W. N., & Thomas, H. (1993). Bankruptcy as a deliberate strategy: Theoretical considerations and empirical evidence. Strategic Management Journal, 14, 125–135. doi: 10.1002/smj.4250140204
  • Nakashima, E. (2009). Cybersecurity plan to involve NSA, telecoms. Washington Post, 3.
  • Nelson, Richard R., & Winter, Sidney G. (1982). An evolutionary theory of economic change. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
  • Nickerson, J. A., & Silverman, B. S. (2003). Why firms want to organize efficiently and what keeps them from doing so: Inappropriate governance, performance, and adaptation in a deregulated industry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48, 433–465. doi: 10.2307/3556680
  • Nickerson, J. A., & Zenger, T. R. (2008). Envy, comparison costs, and the economic theory of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 29, 1429–1449. doi: 10.1002/smj.718
  • Nohria, N., & Gulati, R. (1996). Is slack good or bad for innovation? Academy of Management Journal, 39, 1245–1264. doi: 10.2307/256998
  • O'Hara, M., & Shaw, W. (1990). Deposit insurance and wealth effects: the value of being “too big to fail”. The Journal of Finance, 45, 1587–1600.
  • Oster, S. M. (1999). Modern competitive analysis. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Palich, L. E., Cardinal, L. B., & Miller, C. C. (2000). Curvilinearity in the diversification-performance linkage: An examination of over three decades of research. Strategic Management Journal, 21, 155–174. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200002)21:2<155::AID-SMJ82>3.0.CO;2-2
  • Peng, M. W., & Heath, P. S. (1996). The growth of the firm in planned economies in transition: Institutions, organizations, and strategic choice. Academy of Management Review, 21, 492–528.
  • Peng, M. W., Lee, S. H., & Wang, D. Y. L. (2005). What determines the scope of the firm over time? A focus on institutional relatedness. Academy of Management Review, 30, 622–633. doi: 10.5465/AMR.2005.17293731
  • Peters, T. (1992). Rethinking scale. California Management Review, 35, 7–29. doi: 10.2307/41166710
  • Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. (1978). The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
  • Porter, M. E. (1991). Towards a dynamic theory of strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 12, 95–117. doi: 10.1002/smj.4250121008
  • Powell, W. W. (1991). Expanding the scope of institutional analysis. In W. W. Powell, & P. J. DiMaggio (Eds.), The new institutionalism in organizational analysis (pp. 183–203). Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Raisch, S., & Birkinshaw, J. (2008). Organizational ambidexterity: Antecedents, outcomes, and moderators. Journal of Management, 34, 375–409. doi: 10.1177/0149206308316058
  • Rawley, E. (2010). Diversification, coordination costs, and organizational rigidity: Evidence from microdata. Strategic Management Journal, 31, 873–891.
  • Romanelli, E., & Tushman, M. L. (1994). Organizational transformation as punctuated equilibrium: An empirical test. Academy of Management Journal, 37, 1141–1166. doi: 10.2307/256669
  • Rothaermel, F. T., & Deeds, D. L. (2004). Exploration and exploitation alliances in biotechnology: A system of new product development. Strategic Management Journal, 25, 201–221. doi: 10.1002/smj.376
  • Ruef, M., & Scott, W. R. (1998). A multidimensional model of organizational legitimacy: Hospital survival in changing institutional environments. Administrative Science Quarterly, 43, 877–904. doi: 10.2307/2393619
  • Schuler, D. A. (1996). Corporate political strategy and foreign competition: The case of the steel industry. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 720–737. doi: 10.2307/256661
  • Schuler, D. A., Rehbein, K., & Cramer, R. D. (2002). Pursuing strategic advantage through political means: A multivariate approach. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 659–672. doi: 10.2307/3069303
  • Shane, S. A. (1998). Making new franchise systems work. Strategic Management Journal, 19, 697–707. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199807)19:7<697::AID-SMJ972>3.0.CO;2-O
  • Shaver, J. M., & Mezias, J. M. (2009). Diseconomies of managing in acquisitions: Evidence from civil lawsuits. Organization Science, 20, 206–222. doi: 10.1287/orsc.1080.0378
  • Shepherd, W. G. (1972). The elements of market structure. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 54, 25–37. doi: 10.2307/1927492
  • Shimizu, K., & Hitt, M. A. (2005). What constrains or facilitates divestitures of formerly acquired firms? The effects of organizational inertia. Journal of Management, 31, 50–72. doi: 10.1177/0149206304271381
  • Shontell, A. (2012). “Meet the 13 lucky employees and 9 investors behind $1 billion Instagram.” Business Insider. November 6, 2014, from http://www.businessinsider.com/instagram-employees-and-investors-2012–4
  • Simons, T., & Roberts, P. W. (2008). Local and non-local pre-founding experience and new organizational form penetration: The case of the Israeli wine industry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 53, 235–265. doi: 10.2189/asqu.53.2.235
  • Sirmon, D. G., Hitt, M. A., Arregle, J.-L., & Campbell, J. T. (2010). The dynamic interplay of capability strengths and weaknesses: investigating the bases of temporary competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 31, 1386–1409. doi: 10.1002/smj.893
  • Sirmon, D. G., Hitt, M. A., & Ireland, R. D. (2007). Managing firm resources in dynamic environments to create value: Looking inside the black box. Academy of Management Review, 32, 273–292. doi: 10.5465/AMR.2007.23466005
  • Sitkin, S. B., See, K. E., Miller, C. C., Lawless, M. W., & Carton, A. M. (2011). The paradox of stretch goals: Organizations in pursuit of the seemingly impossible. Academy of Management Review, 36, 544–566.
  • Small Business Administration Office of Advocacy. (2012). Frequently asked questions about small business. Retrieved November 23, 2014, from https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/FAQ_Sept_2012.pdf
  • Sorensen, J. B. (2007). Bureaucracy and entrepreneurship: Workplace effects on entrepreneurial entry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 52, 387–412.
  • Sorenson, O. (2000). Letting the market work for you: An evolutionary perspective on product strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 21, 577–592. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200005)21:5<577::AID-SMJ105>3.0.CO;2-C
  • Spender, J.-C. (1996). Making knowledge the basis of a dynamic theory of the firm. Strategic management journal, 17, 45–62. doi: 10.1002/smj.4250171106
  • Spisak, B., O'Brien, M., Nicholson, N., & Van Vugt, M. (in press). Niche Construction and the Evolution of Leadership. Academy of Management Review. doi:10.5465/amr.2013.0157.
  • Srikanth, K., & Puranam, P. (2011). Integrating distributed work: comparing task design, communication, and tacit coordination mechanisms. Strategic Management Journal, 32, 849–875. doi: 10.1002/smj.908
  • Staw, B. M., & Epstein, L. D. (2000). What bandwagons bring: Effects of popular management techniques on corporate performance, reputation, and CEO pay. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45, 523–556. doi: 10.2307/2667108
  • Stewart, G. L., Courtright, S. H., & Barrick, M. R. (2012). Peer-based control in self-managing teams: Linking rational and normative influence with individual and group performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 435–447. doi: 10.1037/a0025303
  • Stuart, T. E., Hoang, H., & Hybels, R. C. (1999). Interorganizational endorsements and the performance of entrepreneurial ventures. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 315–349. doi: 10.2307/2666998
  • Sun, L.-Y., Aryee, S., & Law, K. S. (2007). High-performance human resource practices, citizenship behavior, and organizational performance: A relational perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 558–577. doi: 10.5465/AMJ.2007.25525821
  • Sutton, J. (1997). Gibrat's legacy. Journal of Economic Literature, 35, 40–59.
  • Sutton, J. R., & Dobbin, F. (1996). The two faces of governance: Responses to legal uncertainty in US firms, 1955 to 1985. American Sociological Review, 61, 794–811. doi: 10.2307/2096454
  • Swaminathan, A. (1998). Entry into new market segments in mature industries: Endogenous and exogenous segmentation in the US brewing industry. Strategic Management Journal, 19, 389–404. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199804)19:4<389::AID-SMJ973>3.0.CO;2-0
  • Terlaak, A., & King, A. A. (2007). Follow the small ? Information-revealing adoption bandwagons when observers expect larger firms to benefit more from adoption. Strategic Management Journal, 28, 1167–1185. doi: 10.1002/smj.636
  • Thompson, J. D. (1967). Organizations in Action. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • Tosi, H. L., Werner, S., Katz, J. P., & Gomez-Mejia, L. R. (2000). How much does performance matter? A meta-analysis of CEO pay studies. Journal of Management, 26, 301–339. doi: 10.1177/014920630002600207
  • Townsend, A. M., DeMarie, S. M., & Hendrickson, A. R. (1998). Virtual teams: Technology and the workplace of the future. The Academy of Management Executive, 12, 17–29.
  • Tushman, M. L., & Anderson, P. (1986). Technological discontinuities and organizational environments. Administrative Science Quarterly, 31, 439–465. doi: 10.2307/2392832
  • US Census Bureau. (2010). Historical data tabulations by enterprise size. Washington, DC. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/
  • Von Nordenflycht, A. (2011). Firm size and industry structure under human capital intensity: Insights from the evolution of the global advertising industry. Organization Science, 22, 141–157. doi: 10.1287/orsc.1090.0518
  • Voss, G. B., Sirdeshmukh, D., & Voss, Z. G. (2008). The effects of slack resources and environmental threat on product exploration and exploitation. Academy of Management Journal, 51, 147–164. doi: 10.5465/AMJ.2008.30767373
  • Voss, G. B., & Voss, Z. G. (2013). Strategic Ambidexterity in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Implementing Exploration and Exploitation in Product and Market Domains. Organization Science, 24, 1459–1477. doi: 10.1287/orsc.1120.0790
  • Waddock, S. A., & Graves, S. B. (1997). The corporate social performance—Financial performance link. Strategic Management Journal, 18, 303–319. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199704)18:4<303::AID-SMJ869>3.0.CO;2-G
  • Wang, D., Waldman, D. A., & Zhang, Z. (2014). A meta-analysis of shared leadership and team effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99, 181–198. doi: 10.1037/a0034531
  • Webb, J. W., Tihanyi, L., Ireland, R. D., & Sirmon, D. G. (2009). You say illegal, I say legitimate: Entrepreneurship in the informal economy. Academy of Management Review, 34, 492–510. doi: 10.5465/AMR.2009.40632826
  • Weber, M. (1978). Economy and society: An outline of interpretive sociology. Oakland, CA: Univ of California Press. Retrieved from http://www.ucpress.edu/about.php?p=contact
  • Weiss, A. M., & Kurland, N. (1997). Holding distribution channel relationships together: The role of transaction-specific assets and length of prior relationship. Organization Science, 8, 612–623. doi: 10.1287/orsc.8.6.612
  • Werner, S., Tosi, H. L., & Gomez-Mejia, L. (2005). Organizational governance and employee pay: How ownership structure affects the firm's compensation strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 26, 377–384. doi: 10.1002/smj.452
  • Wiersema, M. F., & Liebeskind, J. P. (1995). The effects of leveraged buyouts on corporate growth and diversification in large firms. Strategic Management Journal, 16, 447–460. doi: 10.1002/smj.4250160604
  • Williamson, O. E. (1967). Hierarchical control and optimum firm size. The Journal of Political Economy, 75, 123–138. doi: 10.1086/259258
  • Williamson, O. E. (1985). The economic institutions of capitalism. Simon and Schuster.
  • Wiseman, R. M., & Bromiley, P. (1996). Toward a model of risk in declining organizations: An empirical examination of risk, performance and decline. Organization Science, 7, 524–543. doi: 10.1287/orsc.7.5.524
  • Wright, P., Kroll, M., & Elenkov, D. (2002). Acquisition returns, increase in firm size, and chief executive officer compensation: The moderating role of monitoring. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 599–608. doi: 10.2307/3069384
  • Yermack, D. (2006). Flights of fancy: Corporate jets, CEO perquisites, and inferior shareholder returns. Journal of Financial Economics, 80, 211–242. doi: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.05.002
  • Yin, X., Wu, J., & Tsai, W. (2012). When unconnected others connect: Does degree of brokerage persist after the formation of a multipartner alliance? Organization Science, 23, 1682–1699. doi: 10.1287/orsc.1110.0711
  • Yukl, G. (2012). Effective leadership behaviors: What we know and what questions need more attention? The Academy of Management Perspectives, 26, 66–85. doi: 10.5465/amp.2012.0088
  • Zenger, T. R., Felin, T., & Bigelow, L. (2011). Theories of the firm-market boundary. The Academy of Management Annals, 5, 89–133. doi: 10.1080/19416520.2011.590301
  • Zhang, J., & Luo, X. R. (2013). Dared to care: Organizational vulnerability, institutional logics, and MNCs’ social responsiveness in emerging markets. Organization Science, 24, 1742–1764. doi: 10.1287/orsc.1120.0813
  • Zhou, Y. M. (2013). Designing for complexity: Using divisions and hierarchy to manage complex tasks. Organization Science, 24, 339–355. doi: 10.1287/orsc.1120.0744
  • Zook, C., & Allen, J. (2011). The great repeatable business model. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2011/11/the-great-repeatable-business-model

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.