Threats from weather events, urbanization and resilience: A case study of a coastal geography in India

References

• Adger WN. 2000. Social and ecological resilience: are they related? Prog Hum Geogr. 24(3):347–26. doi:10.1191/030913200701540465.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adger WN, Hughes TP, Folke C, Carpenter SR, R J. 2005. Social-ecological resilience to coastal disasters. Science. 309:1036–1039. doi:10.1126/science.1112122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agnihotri A. 2022. Bengal govt is creating a tourist route that links seashore resorts. Hindustan Times. Lifestyle/ Travel. [accessed 2022 Dec 5]. https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/travel/bengal-govt-is-creating-a-tourist-route-that-links-seashore-resorts/101664110282817.html.
   Google Scholar
• Bhattacharya A, Sarkar SK, Bhattacharya A. 2003. An assessment of coastal modification in the low lying tropical coast of north east India and role of natural and artificial forcings. In Proceedings of international conference on estuaries and coasts; Hangzhou, China.
   Google Scholar
• Biggs R, Schlüter M, Schoon ML. 2015. Principles for building resilience: sustaining ecosystem services in social-ecological systems. Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9781316014240.
   Google Scholar
• Birkmann J. 2013. Measuring vulnerability to promote disaster-resilient societies and to enhance adaptation: discussion of conceptual frameworks and definitions. In: Birkmann J. Measuring vulnerability to natural hazards : towards disaster resilient societies. Tokyo, Japan: United Nations University Press; pp. 9–79.
   Google Scholar
• Brooks N, Adger W. 2005. Assessing and enhancing adaptive capacity. In: Lim B, and Spanger-Siegfried E. Adaptation policy frameworks for climate change: developing strategies, policies and measures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; pp. 165–181.
   Google Scholar
• Chakraborty A, Joshi P. 2016. Mapping disaster vulnerability in India using analytical hierarchy process. null. 7(1):308–325. doi:10.1080/19475705.2014.897656.
   Google Scholar
• Cooley S, Schoeman D, Bopp L, Boyd P, Donner S, Ghebrehiwet DY, Ito S-I, Kiessling W, Martinetto P, Ojea E, et al. 2022. Oceans and coastal ecosystems and their services. In: Pörtner H-O, Roberts DC, Tignor M, Poloczanska ES, Mintenbeck K, Alegría A, Craig M, Langsdorf S, Löschke S, Möller V, Okem A Rama B, editors. Climate change 2022: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. contribution of working group ii to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press; pp. 379–550.
   Google Scholar
• Crain CM, Halpern BS, Beck MW, Kappel CV. 2009 1. Understanding and managing human threats to the coastal marine environment. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1162:39–62. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04496.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crossland C, Kremer H, Lindeboom H, Marshall Crossland J, Le Tissier M. 2005. Coastal fluxes in the anthropocene. the land-ocean interactions in the coastal zone project of the international geosphere-biosphere programme. C. Crossland, H. H. Kremer, H. J. Lindeboom, J. I. Marshall Crossland, & M. D. Le Tisser Eds. IGBP. doi:10.1007/3-540-27851-6.
   Google Scholar
• Das TK, Das Gupta I, Lohar D, Bhattacharya B. 2011. Disasters in West Bengal: an interdisciplinary study. Kolkata: ACB Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Dasgupta S, Laplante B, Murray S, Wheeler D. 2009. Climate change and the future impacts of storm-surge disasters in developing countries. Working Paper 182. Washington (DC): Centre for Global Development. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1479650.
   Google Scholar
• Dasgupta S, Laplante B, Murray S, Wheeler D. 2011. Exposure of developing countries to sea-level rise and storm surges. Clim Change. 106:567–579. doi:10.1007/s10584-010-9959-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Datta S. 2018. Coastal ecosystem services and economic activities: understanding interconnectedness through a case study [Doctoral Thesis]. Kolkata: Jadavpur University.
   Google Scholar
• Dolan A, Walker I 2006. Understanding vulnerability of coastal communities to climate change related risks. J Coast Res. 39:1316–1323.
   Google Scholar
• Dulhunty A. 2021. Gendered isolation, idealised communities and the role of collective power in West Bengal self-help groups. Gender, Place & Culture. 28(5):725–746. doi:10.1080/0966369X.2020.1754167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis J. 2014. Climate Resilience Indicator Literature Review. Not mentioned: Columbia Basin Trust. Retrieved from http://www.cbrdi.ca/wp-content/uploads/ClimateAdaptation_LitReview_15-03-15.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gallopin GC. 2006. Linkages between vulnerability, resilience, and adaptive capacity. Glob Environ Change. 16:293–303. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.02.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoogeveen J, Tesliuc E, Vakis R, Dercon S. 2004. A guide to the analysis of risk, vulnerability and vulnerable groups. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSRM/Publications/20316319/RVA.pdf
   Google Scholar
• IPCC. 2001. Climate change 2001: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability, summary for policymakers. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• IPCC. 2007. Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. contribution of working group ii to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• IPCC. 2014. Climate change 2014: synthesis report. contribution of working groups i, ii and iii to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Geneva, Switzerland: IPCC.
   Google Scholar
• IPCC. 2022. Technical Summary. In: Pörtner H-O, Roberts DC, Tignor M, Poloczanska ES, Mintenbeck K, Alegría A, Craig M, Langsdorf S, Löschke S, Möller V, Okem A, Rama B, editors. Climate change 2022: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. contribution of working group ii to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press; pp. 37–118.
   Google Scholar
• Jana A, Biswas A, Maiti S, Bhattacharya AK. 2014. Shoreline changes in response to sea level rise along Digha Coast, Eastern India: an analytical approach of remote sensing, GIS and statistical techniques. null. 18(3):145–155. doi:10.1007/s11852-013-0297-5.
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan M, Renaud FG, L¨uchters G. 2009. Vulnerability assessment and protective effects of coastal vegetation during the 2004 Tsunami in Sri Lanka. Natural Hazards And Earth System Sciences. 9(4):1479–1494. doi:10.5194/nhess-9-1479-2009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar P. 2012. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: ecological and economic foundations. Routledge. 10.4324/9781849775489.
   Google Scholar
• Marschke MJ, Berkes F. 2006. Exploring strategies that build livelihood resilience: a case from Cambodia. Ecol Soc. 11(1). doi:10.5751/ES-01730-110142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez ML-M, Intralawan A, Vázquez G, Pérez-Maqueo O, Sutton P, Landgrave R. 2007. The coasts of our world: ecological, economic and social importance. Ecol Econ. 63(2):254–272. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.10.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehvar S, Filatova T, Dastgheib A, De Ruyter van Steveninck E, Ranasinghe R. 2018. Quantifying economic value of coastal ecosystem services: a review. Journal Of Marine Science And Engineering. 6(1):5. doi:10.3390/jmse6010005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOEF 1991. The coastal regulation zone notifications. ministry of environment & forests. Government of India; [accessed 2022 Nov 24]. https://forests.tn.gov.in/tnforest/app/webroot/img/document/legislations/01_Coastal%20Regulation%20Zone%20Notifications.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Morgan M, Henrion M. 1990. Uncertainty: a Guide to Dealing with Uncertainty in Quantitative Risk and Policy Analysis. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• National Disaster Management Authority, India. 2017. District action plan for disaster preparedness, purba medinipur. India: National Disaster Management Authority.
   Google Scholar
• Nayak. 2002. Use of satellite data in coastal mapping. Indian Cartographer. 22:147–156.
   Google Scholar
• Neumann B, Vafeidis AT, Zimmermann J, Nicholls RJ 2015. Future coastal population growth and exposure to sea-level rise and coastal flooding-a global assessment. PLos One. 10(3):e0118571. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Northrop E, Schuhmann P, Burke L, Fyall A, Alvarez S, Spenceley A, Becken S, Kato K, Roy J, Some S, Veitayaki J, et al. 2022. Opportunities for transforming coastal and marine tourism: towards sustainability, regeneration and resilience. Commissioned by the high-level panel for a sustainable ocean economy (ocean panel). Washington, DC: World Resources Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Penalba LM, Elazegui DD. 2011. Adaptive capacity of households, community organizations and institutions for extreme climate events in the Philippines. Singapore (SG): EEPSEA, IDRC Regional Office for Southeast and East Asia.
   Google Scholar
• Roy J, Datta S, Kapuria P, Guha I, Banerji R, Miah MG, Islam MR, Ratnasiri J, Kumara PBTP, Lokuhetti CS et al. 2021. Coastal ecosystems and changing economic activities: challenges for sustainability transition. In: Pal I, Shaw R, Djalante R, and Shrestha S, editors Coastal ecosystems and changing economic activities: challenges for sustainability transition. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier; pp. 397–424. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-85195-4.00020-2
   Google Scholar
• Roy J, Datta S, Kapuria P, Guha I, Banerji R, Rao S, Miah M G, Islam M R, Chen S, Li J, Xia T, Ratnasiri J, Kumara P B T P, Lokuhetti C S, Vidanage S P. 2016. Coastal Ecosystem and Changing Economic Activities and Vulnerabilities along Chinese and South Asian Coasts. In Boonjawat J, Fukushi K, Stevenson, L A, editors. APN Science Bulletin. Asia Pacific Network for Global Change Research, 21–26. https://www.apn-gcr.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/6dc710544598a0ad8d8b9bf13a1d7e6a-5.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Simonsen SH, Biggs R, Schlüter M, Schoon M, Bohensky E, Cundill G, Moberg F. 2015. Applying resilience thinking: seven principles for building resilience in social-ecological systems. Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Resilience Centre.
   Google Scholar
• The Print. 2022. Apeejay group partners with Bengal govt agency to operate hotel in Digha. The Print; [accessed 2022 Dec 5]. https://theprint.in/economy/apeejay-group-partners-with-bengal-govt-agency-to-operate-hotel-in-digha/1141536/.
   Google Scholar
• Turner RK. 1998. Coastal management for sustainable development: analysing environmental and socio-economic changes on the UK Coast. Geogr J. 164(3):269–281.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner R, Adger W, Lorenzoni I. 1998. Towards integrated modelling and analysis in coastal zones: principles and practices. Texel (The Netherlands): LOICZ IPO.
   Google Scholar
• Turner RK, Subak S, Adger WN. 1996. Pressures, trends, and impacts in coastal zones: interactions between socioeconomic and natural systems. Environ Manage. 20(2):159–173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNDHA (United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs). 1992. Glossary: internationally agreed glossary of basic terms related to disaster management. Geneva: United Nations, DHA.
   Google Scholar
• Walker B, Carpenter S, Anderies J, Abel N, Cumming G, Janssen M, Pritchard R. 2002. Resilience management in social-ecological systems: a working hypothesis for a participatory approach. Conserv Ecol. 6(1):14.
   Google Scholar