The impact of regional anesthesia on opioid demand in distal radius fracture surgery

References

• Hsu JR, Mir H, Wally MK, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for pain management in acute musculoskeletal injury. J Orthop Trauma. 2019;33(5):e158–e182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manchikanti L, Helm S, Fellows B, et al. Opioid epidemic in the United States. Pain Physician. 2012;15(3):ES9–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris BJ, Mir HR. The opioid epidemic: impact on orthopaedic surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2015;23(5):267–271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volkow ND, McLellan TA, Cotto JH, et al. Characteristics of opioid prescriptions in 2009. JAMA. 2011;305(13):1299–1301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Available from: https://ballotpedia.org/Opioid_prescription_limits_and_policies_by_state Opioid prescription limits and policies by state. 2020. [cited 2020 11/27/2020]; Available from: https://ballotpedia.org/Opioid_prescription_limits_and_policies_by_state
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Understanding the epidemic. 2020 [cited Oct 16]. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/ epidemic/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Health and Human Services. Strategy to combat opioid abuse, misuse, and overdose. 2018 [cited 2020 Oct 16]. Available at: https://www. hhs.gov/opioids/sites/default/files/2018-09/opioid-fivepoint-strategy- 20180917-508compliant.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Rudd RA, Aleshire N, Zibbell JE, et al. Increases in drug and opioid overdose Deaths-United States, 2000–2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;64(50–51):1378–1382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudd RA, Seth P, David F, et al. Increases in drug and opioid-involved overdose deaths – United States, 2010–2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65(50–51):1445–1452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson JL, Poulin PA, Sikorski R, et al. Opioid use among same-day surgery patients: prevalence, management and outcomes. Pain Res Manag. 2015;20(6):300–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar K, Kirksey MA, Duong S, et al. A review of Opioid-Sparing modalities in perioperative pain management: methods to decrease opioid use postoperatively. Anesth Analg. 2017;125(5):1749–1760.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan EY, Fransen M, Parker DA, et al. Femoral nerve blocks for acute postoperative pain after knee replacement surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014(5):CD009941.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Richman JM, Liu SS, Courpas G, et al. Does continuous peripheral nerve block provide superior pain control to opioids? A meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 2006;102(1):248–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Memtsoudis SG, Poeran J, Cozowicz C, et al. The impact of peripheral nerve blocks on perioperative outcome in hip and knee arthroplasty-a population-based study. Pain. 2016;157(10):2341–2349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borghi B, D’Addabbo M, White PF, et al. The use of prolonged peripheral neural blockade after lower extremity amputation: the effect on symptoms associated with phantom limb syndrome. Anesth Analg. 2010;111(5):1308–1315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao YY, Zhou QH, Yu LN, et al. Additional femoral nerve block analgesia does not reduce the chronic pain after total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective study in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(13):e14991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan ZY, Hu ZH, Zhang F, et al. The effect of transversus abdominis plane block on the chronic pain after colorectal surgery: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2020;20(1):116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinstein EJ, Levene JL, Cohen MS, et al. Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;6:CD007105.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mueller KG, Memtsoudis SG, Mariano ER, et al. Lack of association between the use of nerve blockade and the risk of persistent opioid use among patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty: evidence from the marketscan database. Anesth Analg. 2017;125(3):1014–1020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladha KS, Patorno E, Liu J, et al. Impact of perioperative epidural placement on postdischarge opioid use in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Anesthesiology. 2016;124(2):396–403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun EC, Bateman BT, Memtsoudis SG, et al. Lack of association between the use of nerve blockade and the risk of postoperative chronic opioid use among patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: evidence from the marketscan database. Anesth Analg. 2017;125(3):999–1007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonafede M, Espindle D, Bower AG. The direct and indirect costs of long bone fractures in a working age US population. J Med Econ. 2013;16(1):169–178.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mellstrand-Navarro C, Pettersson HJ, Tornqvist H, et al. The operative treatment of fractures of the distal radius is increasing: results from a nationwide Swedish study. Bone Joint J. 2014;96–B(7):963–969.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karl JW, Olson PR, Rosenwasser MP. The epidemiology of upper extremity fractures in the United States, 2009. J Orthop Trauma. 2015;29(8):e242–e244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacIntyre NJ, Dewan N. Epidemiology of distal radius fractures and factors predicting risk and prognosis. J Hand Ther. 2016;29(2):136–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore CM, Leonardi-Bee J. The prevalence of pain and disability one year post fracture of the distal radius in a UK population: a cross sectional survey. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008;9(1):129.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Egol KA, Soojian MG, Walsh M, et al. Regional anesthesia improves outcome after distal radius fracture fixation over general anesthesia. J Orthop Trauma. 2012;26(9):545–549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galos DK, Taormina DP, Crespo A, et al. Does brachial plexus blockade result in improved pain scores after distal radius fracture fixation? A randomized trial. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2016;474(5):1247–1254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Neil JT, Wang ML, Kim N, et al. Prospective evaluation of opioid consumption after distal radius fracture repair surgery. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2017;46(1):E35–E40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rundgren J, Mellstrand Navarro C, Ponzer S, et al. Regional or general anesthesia in the surgical treatment of distal radial fractures: a randomized clinical trial. J Bone Joint Surg. 2019;101(13):1168–1176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadzic A, Arliss J, Kerimoglu B, et al. A comparison of infraclavicular nerve block versus general anesthesia for hand and wrist day-case surgeries. Anesthesiology. 2004;101(1):127–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sunderland S, Yarnold CH, Head SJ, et al. Regional versus general anesthesia and the incidence of unplanned health care resource utilization for postoperative pain after wrist fracture surgery: Results from a retrospective quality improvement project. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016;41(1):22–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, et al. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Int J Surg. 2014;12(12):1495–1499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Definitions relevant to the clinical QI opioid measures. 2020. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/pdf/prescribing/CDC-DUIP-FactSheet-At-A-Glance_Opioid-Measures-508.pdf
   Google Scholar
• CDC compilation of benzodiazepines, muscle relaxants, stimulants, zolpidem, and opioid analgesics with oral morphine milligram equivalent conversion factors. 2019. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/resources/data.html
   Google Scholar
• Glynn AN, Quinn KM. An introduction to the augmented inverse propensity weighted estimator. Polit Anal. 2010;18(1):36–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonio Olmos PG. A practical guide for using propensity score weighting in R. Pract Assess Res Eval. 2015;20(13):1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Wong SS, Chan WS, Fang C, et al. Infraclavicular nerve block reduces postoperative pain after distal radial fracture fixation: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2020;20(1):130.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hilliard PE, Waljee J, Moser S, et al. Prevalence of preoperative opioid use and characteristics associated with opioid use among patients presenting for surgery. JAMA Surg. 2018;153(10):929–937.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganta A, Ding D, Fisher N, et al. Continuous infraclavicular brachial block versus Single-Shot nerve block for distal radius surgery: a prospective randomized control trial. J Orthop Trauma. 2018;32(1):22–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilfeld BM, Morey TE, Enneking FK. Continuous infraclavicular brachial plexus block for postoperative pain control at home: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Anesthesiology. 2002;96(6):1297–1304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soberon JR, Jr., Crookshank 3rd. JW, Nossaman BD, et al. Distal peripheral nerve blocks in the forearm as an alternative to proximal brachial plexus blockade in patients undergoing hand surgery: a prospective and randomized pilot study. J Hand Surg Am. 2016;41(10):969–977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmberg A, Sauter AR, Klaastad Ø, et al. Pre-operative brachial plexus block compared with an identical block performed at the end of surgery: a prospective, double-blind, randomised clinical trial. Anaesthesia. 2017;72(8):967–977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oldman M, McCartney CJL, Leung A, et al. A survey of orthopedic surgeons’ attitudes and knowledge regarding regional anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2004;98(5):1486–1490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar