Conjoint fascial sheath suspension with levator muscle advancement for severe blepharoptosis

References

• Fea A, Damato D, Actis AG, et al. Blepharoplastic: essential review. Minerva Chir. 2013;68(6 Suppl. 1):49–56.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sokol JA, Thornton IL, Lee HB, et al. Modified frontalis suspension technique with review of large series. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;27(3):211–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isaksson I. Studies on congenital genuine blepharoptosis: morphological and functional investigations of the upper eyelid. Acta Ophthalmol Suppl. 1962;72:1–121.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mokhtarzadeh A, Harrison AR. Controversies and advances in the management of congenital ptosis. Expert Rev Ophthalmol. 2015;10(1):59–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tianyi L, Haiyan S, Fei L, et al. Blepharoptosis correction by excision of levator muscle and tarsus in Asians. J Craniofac Surg. 2010;21(3):652–655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford JS. Repair of ptosis using frontalis muscle and fascia lata: a 20-year review. Ophthalmic Surg. 1997;8:31–40.
   Google Scholar
• Goldey SH, Baylis HI, Goldberg RA, et al. Frontalis muscle flap advancement for correction of blepharoptosis. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;16(2):83–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krohn-Hansen D, Haaskjold E, Nicolaissen B. Suspension surgery with autogenous fascia lata via a less invasive modification of the Crawford method on 85 patients with congenital severe eyelid ptosis. J Plast Surg Hand Surg. 2015;49(4):214–219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong VA, Beckingsale PS, Oley CA, et al. Management of myogenic ptosis. Ophthalmology. 2002;109(5):1023–1031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carraway JH, Vincent MP. Levator advancement technique for eyelid ptosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1986;77(3):394–403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu F, Yang F, Luo XS, et al. A modified technique combining excision of the levator muscle and tarsus for blepharoptosis in Asians: a 6-year experience with 116 cases. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2012;36(1):41–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murakami CS, Plant RL. Complications of blepharoplasty surgery. Facial Plast Surg. 1994;10(2):214–224.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mustardé JC. Problems and possibilities in ptosis surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1975;56(4):381–388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baik BS, Ha W, Lee JW, et al. Adjunctive techniques to traditional advancement procedures for treating severe blepharoptosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014;133(4):887–896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmström H, Bernström-Lundberg C, Oldfors A. Anatomical study of the structures at the roof of the orbit with special reference to the check ligament of the superior fornix. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 2002;36(3):157–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmström H, Santanelli F. Suspension of the eyelid to the check ligament of the superior fornix for congenital blepharoptosis. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 2002;36(3):149–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santanelli F, Paolini G, Renzi LF, et al. Correction of myopathic blepharoptosis by check ligament suspension: clinical evaluation of 89 eyelids. J Plast Surg Hand Surg. 2011;45(4–5):194–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou J, Chen W, Qi Z, et al. Minimally invasive conjoint fascial sheath suspension for blepharoptosis correction. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2019;43(4):956–963.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang K. Surgical anatomy of the upper eyelid relating to upper blepharoplasty or blepharoptosis surgery. Anat Cell Biol. 2013;46(2):93–100.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berke RN. A simplified Blaskovics operation for blepharoptosis; results in ninety-one operations. AMA Arch Ophthalmol. 1952;48(4):460–495.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Putterman AM. Margin reflex distance (MRD) 1, 2, and 3. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012;28(4):308–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang K, Shin YH, Kim DJ. Conjoint fascial sheath of the levator and superior rectus attached to the conjunctival fornix. J Craniofac Surg. 2008;19(1):241–245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collin JR. Complications of ptosis surgery and their management: a review. J R Soc Med. 1979;72(1):25–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad SM, Della Rocca RC. Blepharoptosis: evaluation, techniques, and complications. Facial Plast Surg. 2007;23(3):203–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee J, Lee H, Chang M, et al. Clinical results of modified frontalis suspension technique using preserved fascia lata for congenital ptosis. J Craniofac Surg. 2016;27(5):e477–e481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouazza M, Elbelhadji M, Mchachi A, et al. Treatment of congenital ptosis by frontalis suspension with monofilament polypropylene suture: results of a study of 21 cases. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2014;37(7):520–525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan X, Wei T, Wang X, et al. Clinical efficacy of conjoint fascial sheath suspension and frontalis muscle suspension in treating moderate or severe congenital ptosis and the effects on ocular surface and refractive status. Exp Ther Med. 2020;20(4):3278–3284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutman J, Pointdujour R, Shinder R. Complications of blepharoptosis surgery. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012;130(5):666.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar