References

• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.
   Google Scholar
• Boelen, P. A., Giannopoulou, I., & Papadatou, D. (2023). Patterns and predictive value of acute prolonged grief and posttraumatic stress in youngsters confronted with traumatic loss: A latent class analysis. Psychiatry Research, 319, 114961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114961
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boelen, P. A., Spuij, M., & Reijntjes, A. H. (2017). Prolonged grief and posttraumatic stress in bereaved children: A latent class analysis. Psychiatry Research, 258, 518–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Borgers, N. & Hox, J. J. (2000, 3–6 October). Reliability of Responses in Questionnaire Research with Children. Paper presented at the Fifth International Conference on Logic and Methodology, Cologne, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Brent, D., Melhem, N., Donohoe, M. B., & Walker, M. (2009). The incidence and course of depression in bereaved youth 21 months after the loss of a parent to suicide, accident, or sudden natural death. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(7), 786–794. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08081244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalen, L. K., Nyquist, A., Shields, L., Stanley, D., Nyquist, T. E., Jahnsen, R., & Ullenhag, A. (2020). Activeyou I – a new web-based measure of activity preferences among children with disabilities. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 28(8), 598–608. https://doi.org/10.1080/11038128.2020.1822442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, E., Nicolas, C., Waters, E., Cook, K., Gibbs, L., Gosch, A., & Ravens-Sieberer, U. (2007). Parent-proxy and child self-reported health-related quality of life: Using qualitative methods to explain the discordance. Quality of Life Research, 16(5), 863–871. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-007-9187-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Leeuw, E. D. (2011). Improving data quality when surveying children and adolescents: cognitive and social development and its role in questionnaire construction and pretesting. Retrieved 2 February, 2023 from https://www.aka.fi/globalassets/tietysti1.fi/awanhat/documents/tiedostot/lapset/presentationsof-the-annual-seminar-10-12-may-2011/surveying-children-and-adolescents_de-leeuw.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• De Los Reyes, A., Augenstein, T. M., Wang, M., Thomas, S. A., Drabick, D. A., Burgers, D. E., & Rabinowitz, J. (2015). The validity of the multi-informant approach to assessing child and adolescent mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 141(4), 858–900. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyregrov, A., Yule, W., Smith, P., Perrin, S., Gjestad, R., & Prigerson, H. (2001). Traumatic Grief Inventory for Children (TGIC). Children and War Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Elklit, A. (2002). Victimization and PTSD in a Danish national youth probability sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(2), 174–181. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200202000-00011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foa, E. B., Asnaani, A., Zang, Y., Capaldi, S., & Yeh, R. (2017). Psychometrics of the child PTSD symptom scale for dsm-5 for trauma-exposed children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 47(1), 38–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2017.1350962
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fresco, D. M., Coles, M. E., Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hami, S., Stein, M. B., & Goetz, D. (2001). The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale: A comparison of the psychometric properties of self-report and clinician-administered formats. Psychological Medicine, 31(6), 1025–1035. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701004056
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geronazzo-Alman, L., Fan, B., Duarte, C. S., Layne, C. M., Wicks, J., Guffanti, G., Musa, G. J., & Hoven, C. W. (2019). The distinctiveness of grief, depression, and posttraumatic stress: Lessons from children after 9/11. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(10), 971–982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.12.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hak, T., Van der Veer, K., & Jansen, H. A. M. (2008). The ThreeStep Test-Interview (TSTI): An observation-based method for pretesting self-completion questionnaires. Survey Research Methods, 2, 143–150. https://doi.org/10.18148/srm/2008.v2i3.1669
   Google Scholar
• Hill, R. M., Dodd, C., Oosterhoff, B., Layne, C. M., Pynoos, R. S., Staine, M. B., & Kaplow, J. B. (2020). Measurement invariance of the persistent complex bereavement disorder checklist with respect to youth gender, race, ethnicity, and age. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 33(5), 850–856. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22560
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen, H., & Hak, T. (2005). The productivity of the three-step test-interview (TSTI) compared to an expert review of a self-administered questionnaire on alcohol consumption. Journal of Official Statistics: An International Quarterly, 21(1), 103–120.
   Google Scholar
• Kaplow, J. B., Layne, C. M., Oosterhoff, B., Goldenthal, H., Howell, K. H., Wamser-Nanney, R., Burnside, A., Calhoun, K., Marbury, D., Johnson-Hughes, L., Kriesel, M., Staine, M. B., Mankin, M., Porter-Howard, L., & Pynoos, R. (2018). Validation of the Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (PCBD) Checklist: A developmentally informed assessment tool for bereaved youth. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 31(2), 244–254. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplow, J., Layne, C., Pynoos, R., Cohen, J., & Lieberman, A. (2012). DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Bereavement-Related Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Developmental Considerations. Psychiatry, 75, 243–266. https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.2012.75.3.243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplow, J. B., Saunders, J., Angold, A., & Costello, E. J. (2010). Psychiatric symptoms in bereaved versus nonbereaved youth and young adults: A longitudinal epidemiological study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(11), 1145–1154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.08.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karabenick, S. A., Woolley, M. E., Friedel, J. M., Ammon, B. V., Blazevski, J., Bonney, C. R., … Kelly, K. L. (2007). Cognitive processing of self-report items in educational research: Do they think what we mean? Educational Psychologist, 42(3), 139–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520701416231
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Killikelly, C., Zhou, N., Merzhvynska, M., Stelzer, E., Dotschung, T., Rohner, S., Sun, L. H., & Maercker, A. (2020). Development of the international prolonged grief disorder scale for the ICD-11: Measurement of core symptoms and culture items adapted for Chinese and German speaking samples. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 568–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenferink, L. I., Eisma, M. C., Smid, G. E., de Keijser, J., & Boelen, P. A. (2022). Valid measurement of DSM-5 persistent complex bereavement disorder and DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 prolonged grief disorder: The Traumatic Grief Inventory-Self Report Plus (TGI-SR+). Comprehensive Psychiatry, 112, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152281
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenferink, L. I. M., Franzen, M., ten Klooster, P. M., Knaevelsrud, C., Boelen, P. A., & Heeke, C. (2023). The traumatic grief inventory-clinician administered: A psychometric evaluation of a new interview for ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR prolonged grief disorder severity and probable caseness. Journal of Affective Disorders, 330, 188–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lytje, M., & Dyregrov, A. (2019). The price of loss – a literature review of the psychosocial and health consequences of childhood bereavement. Bereavement Care, 38(1), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/02682621.2019.1580854
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh, H. W. (1986). Negative item bias in ratings scales for preadolescent children: A cognitive-developmental phenomenon. Developmental Psychology, 22(1), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.22.1.37
   Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, K. A., Koenen, K. C., Hill, E. D., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Kessler, R. C. (2013). Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in a national sample of adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(8), 815–830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.05.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melhem, N. M., Porta, G., Payne, M. W., & Brent, D. A. (2013). Identifying prolonged grief reactions in children: Dimensional and diagnostic approaches. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(6), 599-607.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.02.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melhem, N. M., Porta, G., Shamseddeen, W., Walker Payne, M., & Brent, D. A. (2011). Grief in children and adolescents bereaved by sudden parental death. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(9), 911–919. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melhem, N. M., Walker, M., Moritz, G., & Brent, D. A. (2008). Antecedents and sequelae of sudden parental death in offspring and surviving caregivers. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 162(5), 403. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.162.5.403
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Omrani, A., Wakefield-Scurr, J., Smith, J., & Brown, N. (2019). Survey development for adolescents aged 11–16 years: A developmental science based guide. Adolescent Research Review, 4(4), 329-340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-018-0089-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, A. E., Krysinska, K., & Andriessen, K. (2022). Ethical issues in bereavement research with minors: A scoping review. Children, 9(9), 1400. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9091400
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prigerson, H. G., Boelen, P. A., Xu, J., Smith, K. V., & Maciejewski, P. K. (2021). Validation of the new DSM-5-TR criteria for prolonged grief disorder and the PG-13-revised (PG-13-R) scale. World Psychiatry, 20(1), 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prigerson, H., & Jacobs, S. (2001). Traumatic grief as a distinct disorder. In M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, W. Stroebe, & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of Bereavement (pp. 613–645). American Psychological Association Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rebok, G., Riley, A., Forrest, C., Starfield, B., Green, B., Robertson, J., & Tambor, E. (2001). Elementary school-aged children's reports of their health: A cognitive interviewing study. Quality of Life Research, 10, 59–70. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1016693417166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rheingold, A. A., Smith, D. W., Ruggiero, K. J., Saunders, B. E., Kilpatrick, D. G., & Resnick, H. S. (2004). Loss, trauma exposure, and mental health in a representative sample of 12-17-year-old youth: Data from the National Survey of Adolescents. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 9(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325020490255250
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaffer, D. R. (2008). Social and Personality Development. Cengage Learning.
   Google Scholar
• Shear, K., Frank, E., Houck, P. R., & Reynolds, C. F. (2005). Treatment of complicated grief. JAMA, 293(21), 2601. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.21.2601
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spuij, M., Prinzie, P., Zijderlaan, J., Stikkelbroek, Y., Dillen, L., Roos, C. d., & Boelen, P. A. (2012). Psychometric properties of the Dutch inventories of prolonged grief for children and adolescents. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 19(6), 540–551. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.765
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics Netherlands. (2022, October 11). Nearly 100 thousand young people are half-orphans. https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2022/41/nearly-100-thousand-young-people-are-half-orphans.
   Google Scholar
• Van Laerhoven, H., Van der Zaag-Loonen, H., & Derkx, B. (2004). A comparison of Likert scale and visual analogue scales as response options in children's questionnaires. Acta Paediatrica, 93(6), 830–835. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2004.tb03026.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2018). ICD-11: Prolonged grief disorder. https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/1183832314.
   Google Scholar