Analysis of patents and citations for selected areas of the bioeconomy in South Africa

References

• Abrams, David, and Bhaven Sampat. 2017. “What’s the value of patent citations? Evidence from pharmaceuticals”. Preliminary Draft, June 9. http://www.law.northwestern.edu/events.
   Google Scholar
• Acosta, M., D. Coronado, and A. Fernández. 2009. “Exploring the Quality of Environmental Technology in Europe: Evidence from Patent Citations.” Scientometrics 80 (1): 133–154. doi:10.1007/s11192-008-2057-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albert, M. B., D. Avery, F. Narin, and P. McAllister. 1991. “Direct Validation of Citation Counts as Indicators of Industrially Important Patents.” Research Policy 20 (3): 521–543. doi:10.1016/0048-7333(91)90055-U.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alcácer, J., M. Gittelman, and B. Sampat. 2009. “Applicant and Examiner Citations in US Patents: An Overview and Analysis.” Research Policy 38 (2): 415–427. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2008.12.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archibugi, D., and M. Planta. 1996. “Measuring Technological Change Through Patents and Innovation Surveys.” Technovation 16 (9): 451–519. doi:10.1016/0166-4972(96)00031-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arts, S., F. P. Appio, and B. Van Looy. 2013. “Inventions Shaping Trajectories: Do Existing Patent Indicators Provide a Comprehensive Picture?” Scientometrics 97 (2): 397–419. doi:10.1007/s11192-013-1045-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bambo, T. L., and A. Pouris. 2020. “Bibliometric Analysis of Bioeconomy Research in South Africa.” Scientometrics 125 (1): 29–51. doi:10.1007/s11192-020-03626-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banerjee, P., B. M. Gupta, and K. C. Garg. 2000. “Patent Statistics as Indicators of Competition an Analysis of Patenting in Biotechnology.” Scientometrics 47 (1): 95–116. doi:10.1023/A:1005669810018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barragán-Ocaña, A., H. Gómez-Viquez, H. Merritt, and R. Oliver-Espinoza. 2019. “Promotion of Technological Development and Determination of Biotechnology Trends in Five Selected Latin American Countries: An Analysis Based on PCT Patent Applications.” Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 37: 41–46. doi:10.1016/j.ejbt.2018.10.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basberg, B. L. 1987. “Patents and the Measurements of Technological Change: A Survey of the Literature.” Research Policy 162 (2-4): 131–141. doi:10.1016/0048-7333(87)90027-8.
   Google Scholar
• Befort, N. 2020. “Going Beyond Definitions to Understand Tensions Within the Bioeconomy: The Contribution of Sociotechnical Regimes to Contested Fields.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 153: 119923. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2020.119923.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bessen, V. 2008. “The Value of U.S. Patents by Owner and Patent Characteristics.” Research Policy 37 (5): 932–945. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2008.02.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bordoloi, J., and H. P. Dekah Boruah. 2018. “Analysis of Recent Patenting Activities in the Field of Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Pollutants Present in the Environment.” Recent Patents on Biotechnology 12 (1): 3–20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bull, Allan, Geoffrey Holt, and Malcolm Lilly. 1982. Biotechnology. International Trends and Perspectives. http://www.oecd.org/sti/emerging-tech/2097562.
   Google Scholar
• Callaert, J., B. Van Looy, A. Verbeek, K. Debackere, and B. Thijs. 2006. “Traces of Prior Art: An Analysis of Non-Patent References Found in Patent Documents.” Scientometrics 69 (1): 3–20. doi:10.1007/s11192-006-0135-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter, M., and F. Narin. 1983. “Validation Study: Patent Citations as Indicators of Science and Foreign Dependence.” World Patent Information 5 (3): 180–185. doi:10.1016/0172-2190(83)90139-4.
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter, M. P., F. Narin, and P. Woolf. 1981. “Citation Rates to Technologically Important Patents.” World Patent Information 3 (4): 160–163. doi:10.1016/0172-2190(81)90098-3.
   Google Scholar
• Chekol, C., and M. Gebreyohannes. 2018. “Application and Current Trends of Biotechnology: A Brief Review.” Austin Journal of Biotechnology and Bioengineering 5 (1): 1088.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, Z., and J. Guan. 2011. “Mapping Biotechnology Patents of China from 1995-2008.” Scientometrics 88 (1): 73–89. doi:10.1007/s11192-011-0380-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, C., and Y. Park. 2009. “Monitoring the Organic Structure of Technology Based on the Patent Development Paths.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 76 (6): 754–768. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2008.10.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cloete, T. E., L. H. Nel, and J. Theron. 2006. “Biotechnology in South Africa.” TRENDS in Biotechnology 24 (12): 557–562. doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.10.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comanor, W. S., and F. M. Scherer. 1969. “Patent Statistics as a Measure of Technical Change.” Journal of Political Economy 77 (3): 392–398. doi:10.1086/259522.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connolly, R. A., and M. Hirschey. 1988. “Market Value and Patents.” Economics Letters 27 (1): 83–87. doi:10.1016/0165-1765(88)90224-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crosby, M. 2007. “Patents, Innovation and Growth.” Economic Record 76 (234): 255–267. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4932.2000.tb00021.x.
   Google Scholar
• Dalpé, R. 2002. “Bibliometric Analysis of Biotechnology.” Scientometrics 55 (2): 189–213. doi:10.1023/A:1019663607103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLooze, M. A., R. Coronini, and P. B. Joly. 2001. “A Note on Recent Trends in Knowledge Creation and Appropriation Through Genomics: A Scientometric Analysis.” International Journal of Biotechnology 3 (1/2): 4–22. doi:10.1504/IJBT.2001.000149.
   Google Scholar
• DeLooze, M. A., and S. V. Ramani. 1999. “Biotechnology Patent Applications in Europe—A Look at the Difference Between French, British, and German Patent Application Trends.” Nature Biotechnology 17 (1): 83–85. doi:10.1038/5263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology South Africa (DACST). 1996. White Paper on Science and Technology: Preparing for the 21st Century. Government of the Republic of South Africa. Pretoria Government Printer. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/sciencetechnologywhitepaper.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology South Africa (DACST). 1999. National Research and Technology Foresight. Pretoria: Government of the Republic of South Africa. https://www.dst.gov.za/index.php/resource-center/foresight-reports.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Science and Technology (DST). 2001. National Biotechnology Strategy for South Africa. Pretoria: Government of the Republic of South Africa. http://www.gov.za/documents/national-biotechnology-strategy-south-africa.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Science and Technology (DST). 2007. Towards 2018: South Africa’s 10-Year National Innovation Plan. Pretoria: Government of the Republic of South Africa. http://www.sagreenfund.org.za/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/10-Year-Innovation-Plan.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Science and Technology (DST). 2013. The Bio-Economy Strategy. Pretoria: Government of the Republic of South Africa. http://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/bioeconomy-strategya.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Science and Technology (DST). 2019. White Paper on Science, Technology and Innovation as Government Policy. Pretoria: Government of the Republic of South Africa. https://www.dst.gov.za/images/2019/WHITE_PAPER_ON_SCIENCE_AND_TECHNOLOGY_web.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Eurostat. 2018. “Patent statistics background: Statistics Explained”. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained.
   Google Scholar
• Fleming, L. 2001. “Recombinant Uncertainty in Technological Search.” Management Science 47 (1): 117–132. doi:10.1287/mnsc.47.1.117.10671.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frame, J. 1991. “Modelling National Technological Capacity with Patent Indicators.” Scientometrics 22 (3): 327–339. doi:10.1007/BF02019766.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukuzawa, N., and T. Ida. 2016. “Science Linkages Between Scientific Articles and Patents for Leading Scientists in the Life and Medical Sciences Field: The Case of Japan.” Scientometrics 106 (2): 629–644. doi:10.1007/s11192-015-1795-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funk, R. J., and J. Owen-Smith. 2016. “A Dynamic Network Measure of Technological Change.” Management Science 63 (3): 791–817.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gambardella, A., D. Harhoff, and B. Verspagen. 2008. “The Value of European Patents.” European Management Review 5 (2): 69–84. doi:10.1057/emr.2008.10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garfield, E. 1966. “Patent Citation Indexing and the Notions of Novelty, Similarity, and Relevance.” Journal of Chemical Documentation 6 (2): 63–65. doi:10.1021/c160021a001.
   Google Scholar
• Gittelman, M., and B. Kogut. 2003. “Does Good Science Lead to Valuable Knowledge? Biotechnology Firms and the Evolutionary Logic of Citation Patterns.” Management Science 49 (4): 366–382. doi:10.1287/mnsc.49.4.366.14420.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griliches, Z. 1979. “Issues in Assessing the Contribution of Research and Development to Productivity Growth.” The Bell Journal of Economics, 92–116. doi:10.2307/3003321.
   Google Scholar
• Griliches, Zvi. 1984. R&D, Patents, and Productivity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Griliches, Z. 1990. “Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators.” Journal of Economic Literature 28: 1661–1707.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grupp, H., and U. Schmod. 1998. “Patent Statistics in the age of Globalisation: New Legal Procedures, new Analytical Methods, new Economic Interpretation.” Research Policy 28: 377–396. doi:10.1016/S0048-7333(98)00125-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, Y., Y. Hu, M. Zheng, and Y. Wang. 2013. “Patent Indicators: A Window to Pharmaceutical Market Success.” Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents 23 (7): 765–771. doi:10.1517/13543776.2013.792806.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, B. H., A. B. Jaffe, and M. Trajtenberg. 2005. “Market Value and Patent Citations.” RAND Journal of Economics 36 (1): 16–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harhoff, D., F. Narin, F. Scherer, and K. Vopel. 1999. “Citation Frequency and Value of Patented Inventions.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 81 (3): 511–515. doi:10.1162/003465399558265.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harhoff, D., and M. Reitzig. 2004. “Determinants of Opposition Against EPO Patent Grants: The Case of Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals.” International Journal of Industrial Organization 22 (4): 443–480. doi:10.1016/j.ijindorg.2004.01.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harhoff, D., F. M. Scherer, and K. Vopel. 2002. “Citations, Family Size, Opposition and the Value of Patent Rights.” Research Policy 32 (8): 1343–1363. doi:10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00124-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry, G., and E. J. Trigo. 2010. “The Knowledge Based Bio-Economy (KBBE) at Work: From Large Scale Experiences to Instruments for Rural and Local Development.” ISDA, 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, M. H., C. S. Lin, and D. Z. Chen. 2011. “Counting Methods, Country Rank Changes, and Counting Inflation in the Assessment of National Research Productivity and Impact.” Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 62 (12): 2427–2436. doi:10.1002/asi.21625.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Monetary Fund. 2021. World Economic Outlook Database. www.imf.org.
   Google Scholar
• Jaffe, A., and G. de Rassenfosse. 2017. “Patent Citation Data in Social Science Research: Overview and Best Practices.” Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 68 (6): 1360–1374. doi:10.1002/asi.23731.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaffe, Adam, and Manuel Trajtenberg. 2002. Patents, Citations and Innovations. Boston: The MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jaffe, Adam, Manuel Trajtenberg, and Michael Fogarty. 2000. “The meaning of patent citations: Report on the NBER/ case-western reserve survey of patentees”. NBER Working Paper No. W7631, Cambridge, April.
   Google Scholar
• Jaffe, A. B., M. Trajtenberg, and R. Henderson. 1993. “Geographic Localization of Knowledge Spillovers as Evidence by Patent Citations.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 108 (3): 577–598. doi:10.2307/2118401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kärkkäinen, L., K. T. Korhonen, A. Yli-Viikari, and T. Packalen. 2018. “Synthesis on Bioeconomy Monitoring Systems in the EU Member States: Indicator for Monitoring the Progress of Bioeconomy.” Natural Resources and Bioeconomy Studies 38, http://jukuri.luke.fi/handle/10024/542249.
   Google Scholar
• Ko, Y. 1992. “An Economic Analysis of Biotechnology Patent Protection.” Yale Law Journal 102 (3): 777–804. doi:10.2307/796918.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruss, Glenda, and Jo Lorentzen. 2010. “The South African Innovation Policies: Potential and Constraint.” In BRICS and Development Alternatives: Innovation Systems and Policies, edited by José Cassiolato, and Virginia Vitorino, 163–190. Cambridge: Anthem Press.
   Google Scholar
• Li, B.-W., C.-J. Chen, and H. L. Wu. 2007. “Predicting Citations to Biotechnology Patents Based on the Information from the Patent Documents.” International Journal of Technology Management 40: 1–3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litchtenberg, Frank, and Suchin Virabhak. 2002. “Using Patents Data to map Technical Change in Health-Related Areas.” In OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers 2002/16. Paris: OECD Publishing. doi:10.1787/522485718871.
   Google Scholar
• Lokko, Y., M. Heijde, K. Schebesta, P. Scholtès, and M. Van Montagu. 2018. “Biotechnology and the Bioeconomy – Towards an Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial Development.” New Biotechnology 40: 5–10. doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2017.06.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magerman, Tom, Bart van Looy, and Koenraad Debackere. 2011. “In Search of Anticommons: Patent-paper Pairs in Biotechnology. An Analysis of Citation Flows”. MSI FEB Working paper. https://www.issi-society.org/proceedings/issi_2011/ISSI_2011_Proceedings_Vol1_55.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Magerman, T., B. van Looy, and K. Debackere. 2015. “Does Involvement in Patenting Jeopardize One's Academic Footprint? An Analysis of Patent-Paper Pairs in Biotechnology.” Research Policy 44 (9): 1702–1713. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2015.06.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makhoba, X., and A. Pouris. 2019. “A Patentometric Assessment of Selected R&D Priority Areas in South Africa, a Comparison with Other BRICS Countries.” World Patent Information 56: 20–28. doi:10.1016/j.wpi.2018.10.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallick, A., S. Chandra Santra, and A. C. Samal. 2015. “An Overview on Indian Patents on Biotechnology.” Recent Patents on Biotechnology 9 (3): 198–213. doi:10.2174/1872208310666160325113553.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCormick, K., and N. Kautto 2013. “The Bioeconomy in Europe: An overview”. Sustainability 5: 2589–2608. doi:10.3390/su5062589.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naravaez-Berthelemot, N., J. M. Russell, R. Arvanitis, R. Waast, and J. Gaillard. 2002. “Science in Africa: An Overview of Mainstream Scientific Output.” Scientometrics 54 (2): 229–241. doi:10.1023/A:1016033528117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narin, F., E. Noma, and R. Perry. 1987. “Patents as Indicators of Corporate Technological Strength.” Research Policy 16 (2-4): 143–155. doi:10.1016/0048-7333(87)90028-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Advisory Council on Innovation (NACI). 2017. 2016 South African Science Technology and Innovation Indicators. Pretoria: NACI. http://www.naci.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/South_African_Science_Technology_And_InnovationIndicators_Report_2017.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• National Advisory Council on Innovation (NACI). 2018. 2017 South African Science Technology and Innovation Indicators. Pretoria: NACI. https://www.dst.gov.za/index.php/resource-center/strategies-and-reports/2552-south-african-science-technology-and-innovation-indicators-2017.
   Google Scholar
• National Advisory Council on Innovation (NACI). 2019. 2019 South African Science Technology and Innovation Indicators. Pretoria: NACI. https://www.dst.gov.za/index.php/resource-center/strategies-and-reports/2874-south-african-science-technology-and-innovation-indicators-2019.
   Google Scholar
• National Advisory Council on Innovation (NACI). 2020. 2020 South African Science Technology and Innovation Indicators. Pretoria: NACI. https://www.dst.gov.za/index.php/resource-center/strategies-and-reports/2874-south-african-science-technology-and-innovation-indicators-2020.
   Google Scholar
• National Advisory Council on Innovation (NACI). 2021. 2021 South African Science Technology and Innovation Indicators. Pretoria: NACI. https://www.naci.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/South-African-Science-Technology-and-Innovation-Indicators-Report-2021.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• National Advisory Council on Innovation (NACI). 2022. Audit of the South African Bioeconomy Sector. NACI Presentation. Pretoria: NACI.
   Google Scholar
• O’Cearbhaill, R. M., T. E. Murray, and M. J. Lee. 2019. “Medical Device Patents: A Review of Contemporary Global Trends with an Irish Comparison.” Irish Journal of Medical Science 188 (2): 653–659. doi:10.1007/s11845-018-1880-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2005. A Framework for Biotechnology Statistics. Paris: OECD Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2009a. The Bioeconomy to 2030: Designing a Policy Agenda. Main Findings and Policy Conclusions. Paris: OECD Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2009b. OECD Patent Statistics Manual. Paris: OECD Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2009c. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2009. Paris: OECD Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2018. The Measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities Oslo Manual 2018: Guidelines for Collecting, Reporting and Using Data on Innovation. 4th ed. Paris: OECD Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2019. OECD. Stat. Science, Technology and Patents. Patents Statistics. Patents by Technology. Paris: OECD Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Patra, S. K., and M. Muchie. 2017. “Role of Innovation System in Development of Biotechnology in South Africa.” Asian Biotechnology and Development Review 19 (1): 3–30.
   Google Scholar
• Pavitt, K. 1985. “Patent Statistics as Indicators of Innovative Activities: Possibilities and Problems.” Scientometrics 7 (1-2): 77–99. doi:10.1007/BF02020142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petruzzelli, A. M., D. Rotolo, and V. Albino. 2014. “Determinants of Patent Citations in Biotechnology: An Analysis of Patent Influence Across the Industrial and Organizational Boundaries.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 91: 208–221. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2014.02.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podolny, J. M., T. E. Stuart, and M. T. Hannan. 1996. “Networks, Knowledge and Niches: Competition in the Worldwide Semiconductor Industry, 1984-1991.” American Journal of Sociology 102 (3): 659–689. doi:10.1086/230994.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pouris, A., and A. Pouris. 2009. “The State of Science and Technology in Africa (2000–2004): A Scientometric Assessment.” Scientometrics 79 (2): 297–309. doi:10.1007/s11192-009-0419-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pouris, A., and A. Pouris. 2011. “Patents and Economic Development in South Africa: Managing Intellectual Property Rights.” South African Journal of Science 107 (11/12): 1–10. doi:10.4102/sajs.v107i11/12.355.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quach, U., H. Thorsteinsdóttir, J. Renihan, and A. Bhatt. 2006. “Biotechnology Patenting Take off in Developing Countries.” International Journal of Biotechnology 8 (1/2): 43–59. doi:10.1504/IJBT.2006.008963.
   Google Scholar
• Ramani, S. V., and M. A. DeLooze. 2000. “A Note on Using Patent Statistics to Obtain Competition Indicators.” Scientomentrics 49 (3): 511–515. doi:10.1023/A:1010545908787.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherer, F. 1965. “Firm Size, Market Structure, Opportunity and the Output of Patented Inventions.” American Economic Review 55: 1097–1125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmookler, Jacob. 1966. Invention and Economic Growth. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Squicciarini, Mariagrazia, Hélène Dernis, and Chiara Criscuolo. 2013. “Measuring Patent Quality: Indicators of Technological and Economic Value.” In OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers No. 2013/03. doi:10.1787/5k4522wkw1r8-en.
   Google Scholar
• Sridhar, K. R. 2005. “Recent Trends in Biotechnology.” Current Science 88: 7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tijsen, R. J. 2001. “Global and Domestic Utilization of Industrial Relevant Science: Patent Citation Analysis of Science-Technology Interactions and Knowledge Flows.” Research Policy 30 (1): 35–54. doi:10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00080-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trajtenberg, Manuel. 1990a. Economic Analysis of Product Innovation: The Case of CT Scanners. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Trajtenberg, M. 1990b. “A Penny for Your Quotes: Patent Citations and the Value of Innovations.” RAND Journal of Economics 21 (1): 172–187. doi:10.2307/2555502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urbaniec, M., J. Tomala, and S. Martinez. 2021. “Measurements and Trends in Technological Eco-Innovation: Evidence from Environment-Related Patents.” Resources 10: 68. doi:10.3390/resources10070068.
   Google Scholar
• van Beuzekom, Brigitte., and Anthony Arundel. 2009. OECD Biotechnology Statistics 2009. Paris: OECD Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• van Raan, A. F. J. 2017. “Patent Citations Analysis and its Value in Research Evaluation: A Review and a new Approach to map Technology-Relevant Research.” Journal of Data and Information Science 2 (1): 23–50. doi:10.1515/jdis-2017-0002.
   Google Scholar
• Von Wartburg, I., T. Teichert, and K. Rost. 2005. “Inventive Progress Measured by Multi-Stage Patent Citation Analysis.” Research Policy 34 (10): 1591–1607. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2005.08.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Q., J. Qu, B. Wang, P. Wang, and T. Yang. 2019. “Green Technology Innovation Development in China in 1990–2015.” Science of the Total Environment 696: 134008. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb, Colin, Hélène Dennis, Dietmar Harhoff, and Karin Hoisl. 2005. “Analysing European and International Patent Citations: A set of EPO Patent Database Building Blocks.” OECD STI Working Paper 2005/09, doi:10.1787/883002633010.
   Google Scholar
• William, S. C., and F. M. Scherer. 1969. “Patent Statistics as a Measure of Technical Change.” Journal of Political Economy 77 (3): 392–398. doi:10.1086/259522.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar