References
- Verhagen JH, Fouchier RAM, Lewis N. Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses at the wild-domestic bird interface in Europe: future directions for research and surveillance. Viruses. 2021;13(2):212. doi:10.3390/v13020212
- Cui P, Shi J, Wang C, et al. Global dissemination of H5N1 influenza viruses bearing the clade 2.3.4.4b HA gene and biologic analysis of the ones detected in China. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2022;11(1):1693–1704. doi:10.1080/22221751.2022.2088407
- Lee SH, Cho AY, Kim TH, et al. Novel highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus in wild Birds, South Korea. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023;29(7):1475–1478. doi:10.3201/eid2907.221893
- Adlhoch C, Baldinelli F. Avian influenza, new aspects of an old threat. Euro Surveill. 2023;28(19):2300227. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.19.2300227
- European Food Safety, Authority, European Centre for Disease, Prevention Control, et al. Avian influenza overview April – June 2023. EFSA J. 2023;21(7):e08191.
- MAFRA. Implementation of enhanced sanitary measures in response to the confirmed cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza in cats in Gwanak-gu, Seoul. 2023, July 31). Available from: https://www.mafra.go.kr/home/5109/subview.do?enc=Zm5jdDF8QEB8JTJGYmJzJTJGaG9tZSUyRjc5MiUyRjU2Njk0OSUyRmFydGNsVmlldy5kbyUzRnJnc0VuZGRlU3RyJTNEJTI2YmJzT3BlbldyZFNlcSUzRCUyNnBhc3N3b3JkJTNEJTI2cGFnZSUzRDIlMjZyZ3NCZ25kZVN0ciUzRCUyNnJvdyUzRDEwJTI2YmJzQ2xTZXElM0QlMjZzcmNoQ29sdW1uJTNEJTI2aXNWaWV3TWluZSUzRGZhbHNlJTI2c3JjaFdyZCUzRCUyNg%3D%3D
- Sagong M, Lee YN, Song S, et al. Emergence of clade 2.3.4.4b novel reassortant H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in South Korea during late 2021. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022;69(5):e3255–e3260. doi:10.1111/tbed.14551
- Lee CY, An SH, Kim I, et al. Prerequisites for the acquisition of mammalian pathogenicity by influenza A virus with a prototypic avian PB2 gene. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):10205. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09560-z
- Xiao C, Ma W, Sun N, et al. PB2-588 V promotes the mammalian adaptation of H10N8, H7N9 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1):19474. doi:10.1038/srep19474
- Mehle A, Doudna JA. Adaptive strategies of the influenza virus polymerase for replication in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106(50):21312–21316. doi:10.1073/pnas.0911915106
- Steel J, Lowen AC, Mubareka S, et al. Transmission of influenza virus in a mammalian host is increased by PB2 amino acids 627 K or 627E/701N. PLoS Pathog. 2009;5(1):e1000252. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000252
- Chin AWH, Leong NKC, Nicholls JM, et al. Characterization of influenza A viruses with polymorphism in PB2 residues 701 and 702. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):11361. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11625-y
- Yamayoshi S, Yamada S, Fukuyama S, et al. Virulence-affecting amino acid changes in the PA protein of H7N9 influenza A viruses. J Virol. 2014;88(6):3127–3134. doi:10.1128/JVI.03155-13
- Song J, Xu J, Shi J, et al. Synergistic Effect of S224P and N383D substitutions in the PA of H5N1 avian influenza virus contributes to mammalian adaptation. Sci Rep. 2015;5(1):10510. doi:10.1038/srep10510
- Pardo-Roa C, Nelson MI, Ariyama N, et al. Cross-species transmission and PB2 mammalian adaptations of highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 viruses in Chile. bioRxiv; 2023:2023.06.30.547205. doi:10.1101/2023.06.30.547205