REFERENCES
- Abi-Habib, M. (2018, June). How China got Sri Lanka to cough up a port. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/25/world/asia/china-sri-lanka-port.html
- Atherton, K. (2018, March). It’s not just elections; Russia hacked the US electric grid. Vox. Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/world/2018/3/28/17170612/russia-hacking-us-power-grid-nuclear-plants
- Andre, D. J. (2000). Competitive strategies: An approach against proliferation. In A. W. Marshall, J. H. D. Sokolski (Ed.). Prevailing in a well-armed world: Devising competitive strategies against weapons proliferation. Carlisle, PA: US Army War College.
- Barnes, J. E., & Schmitt, E. (2020, December). Pentagon weighs sharp drawback in support for C.I.A. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/10/us/politics/pentagon-cia-support.html
- BBC News. (2020, February). Afghanistan war: What has the conflict cost the US? Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-47391821
- Bencosme, M. (2014, July). ELN attacking energy infrastructures to pressure Colombia govt into peace talks. Colombia Reports. Retrieved from https://colombiareports.com/eln-targets-energy-infrastructures-gain-leverage-peace-talks/
- Blanchard, L. P., & Collins, S. R. (2019). China’s engagement in Djibouti. ( 7-5700). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
- Buswell, P. A. (2001). Keeping special forces special: Regional proficiency in special forces (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from https://calhoun.nps.edu/bitstream/handle/10945/10750/11Dec_Buswell.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
- Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Soviet Analysis. (1987). The costs of Soviet involvement in Afghanistan. Langley, VA: Central Intelligence Agency.
- Chatzky, A., & McBride, J. (2020). China’s massive belt and road initiative. Washington, DC: Council on Foreign Relations.
- China Power, Center for Strategic and International Studies. (2020). How will the belt and road initiative advance China’s interests? Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies.
- Cole, S. (2004). Ghost wars: The secret history of the CIA, Afghanistan, and bin Laden, from the Soviet invasion to September 10, 2001. New York, NY: Penguin Group.
- Collins, E. M. (2017, February). First to go: Green Berets remember earliest mission in Afghanistan. Army News Service. Retrieved from https://www.army.mil/article/181582/first_to_go_green_berets_remember_earliest_mission_in_afghanistan
- Congressional Research Service. (2020a). Intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance design for great power competition ( R46389). Washington, DC: Author.
- Congressional Research Service. (2020b). Precision-guided munitions; Background and issues for congress ( R45996). Washington, DC: Author.
- Correll, D. S. (2019, October). How the ‘Horse Soldiers’ helped liberate Afghanistan from the Taliban 18 years ago. Military Times. Retrieved from https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2019/10/18/how-the-horse-soldiers-helped-liberate-afghanistan-from-the-taliban-18-years-ago/
- Crile, G. (2003). Charlie Wilson’s war: The extraordinary story of how the wildest man in congress and a rogue CIA agent changed the history of our times. New York, NY: Grove Press.
- Cullather, N. (2006). Secret history: The CIA’s classified account of its operations in Guatemala, 1952-1954. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
- DW. (n.d.) China consulate attack: Why Pakistan’s Baloch separatists are against Beijing. Retrieved from https://www.dw.com/en/china-consulate-attack-why-pakistans-baloch-separatists-are-against-beijing/a-46424112.
- Eckstein, M. (2020, December). Updated: White House-led Navy shipbuilding plan set to push boundaries of Pentagon budgets, industry capacity. US Naval Institute News. Retrieved from https://news.usni.org/2020/12/10/white-house-led-navy-shipbuilding-plan-set-to-will-push-boundaries-of-pentagon-budgets-industry-capacity
- Fiala, O. C. (2020). Resistance operating concept. Tampa, FL: Joint Special Operations University Press.
- Filostrat, T., Beckley, M., Blank, S., Goodman, S., Koven, B., & Zwack, P. (2020). Alion strategic forum: Russian operations in the competitive space and the Arctic (Report to US European Command). Rome, NY: Alion Science and Technology Corporation.
- Gates, R. (1996). From the shadows: The ultimate insider’s story of five presidents and how they won the Cold War. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
- Gerasimov, V. (2016, January-February). The value of science is in the foresight: New challenges demand rethinking the forms and methods of carrying out combat operations. ( R. Caolson, Trans.) Military Review, 23–29
- Gerber, T. P., & Mendelson, S. E. (2008). Casualty sensitivity in a post-Soviet context: Russian views of the Second Chechen War, 2001-2003. Political Science Quarterly, 123(1), 39–68. doi:10.1002/j.1538-165X.2008.tb00616.x
- The Globalist. (2006, July). China’s forgotten peasants: An element of unrest. Retrieved from https://www.theglobalist.com/chinas-forgotten-peasants-an-element-of-unrest/#:~:text=Our%20current%20population%20stands%20at,for%20several%20tens%20of%20millions
- Green, M. (2019, April). China’s debt diplomacy: How belt and road threatens countries ability to achieve self-reliance. Foreign Policy. Retrieved from https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/04/25/chinas-debt-diplomacy/
- Greenberg, A. (2019). Sandworm: A new era of cyberwar and the hunt for the Kremlin’s most dangerous hackers. New York, NY: Doubleday.
- Greentree, T. (2019, February). Afghanistan: Remembering the long, long war we would rather forget. War on the Rocks. Retrieved from https://warontherocks.com/2019/02/afghanistan-remembering-the-long-long-war-we-would-rather-forget/
- Gregory, P. R. (2016, September). Russian combat medals put lie to Putin’s claim of no Russian troops in Ukraine. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/paulroderickgregory/2016/09/06/russian-combat-medals-put-lie-to-putins-claim-of-no-russian-troops-in-ukraine/?sh=523015893809.
- Hillman, J. E., & McCalpin, M. (2019). Watching Huawei’s “Safe Cities”. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies.
- Joint Chiefs of Staff. (n.d.a). Department of defense dictionary of military and associated terms ( Joint Publication 1-02). Washington, DC: Department of Defense.
- Joint Chiefs of Staff. (n.d.b). Joint special operations task force operations ( Joint Publication 3-05.1). Washington, DC: Department of Defense.
- Kinzer, S. (2008). All the Shah’s men: American coup and the roots of Middle East terror. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Koven, B. S., (2017, November). Terrorism today. Lecture presented during the Dynamic Attack Exercise, Golden Triangle Business Improvement District, Washington, DC.
- Koven, B. S., (2017, June/August; 2018, January/April/June/August/November; 2019, February/June/August/October; 2020, January). Afghanistan & Pakistan: Regional background and terrorism overview. Lecture presented during the Visa Security Investigations Course, Combatting Terrorism Seminar, Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, Charleston, SC.
- Koven, B. S., (n.d.). Responding to gray zone conflict: countering Russia in the Donbas.
- Koven, B. S., & Lindquist, K. A. (in press). Re-envisioning SOF CT: The population, interagency, and international partners. Tampa, FL: Joint Special Operations University Press.
- Koven, B. S., Piplani, V., Sin, S. S., & Boyd, M. A. (2017). Quantifying gray zone conflict: (De-)escalatory trends in gray zone conflicts in Colombia, Libya and Ukraine (Report to the US Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Office of University Programs and the US Department of Defense Strategic Multi-Layer Assessment Branch). College Park, MD: START.
- Los Angeles Times. (1961, April). Castro proclaims victory for Cuba.
- Mahnken, T. G., & Evans, G. (2019, Winter). Ambiguity, risk, and limited great power conflict. Strategic Studies Quarterly 13(4), 57–77.
- Marshall, A. W., & Roche, J. J. (1976). Strategy for competing with the Soviets in the military sector of the continuing political-military competition. Washington, DC: Department of Defense Memorandum.
- Mashal, M., & Schwirtz, M. (2020, July). How Russia built a channel to the Taliban, once an enemy. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/13/world/asia/russia-taliban-afghanistan.html
- Minkov, A., & Smolynec, G. (2007). Economic development in Afghanistan during the Soviet period, 1979-1989: Lessons learned from the Soviet experience in Afghanistan. ( TM 2007-35). Ottawa, Canada: Defence R&D Canada, Centre for Operational Research & Analysis.
- Molnar, A. R., Tinker, J. M., & LeNoir, J. (1966). Human factor considerations of undergrounds in insurgencies. Washington, DC: American University Center for Research in Social Systems Press.
- Nye, D. (2015, July). Here’s what training is like for the air force’s most elite operators. Business Insider. Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/heres-what-training-is-like-for-the-air-forces-most-elite-operators-2015-7
- Officer, 7th Special Forces Group (Airborne). (2019, June). In conversation with the author. Kaiserslautern, Germany.
- Oprihory, J. (2020, December). Ray: Great power competition is an ‘infinite game’ with Russia, China. Air Force Magazine. Retrieved from https://www.airforcemag.com/ray-great-power-competition-is-an-infinite-game-with-russia-china/
- Picket, G. E., Roche, J. G., & Watts, B. D. (1991). Net assessment: A historical review. In A. W. Marshall, J. J. Martin, & H. S. Rowen (Eds.), On not confusing ourselves: Essays on national security strategy in honor of Albert and Roberta Wohlsetter, (pp. 158-180). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
- Rempfer, K. (2020, December). Irregular warfare authorities expand in defense budget. Army Times. https://www.armytimes.com/news/2020/12/07/irregular-warfare-authorities-expand-in-defense-budget/?mc_cid=9a6a3b3f44&mc_eid=70bf478f36
- Reuveny, R., & Prakash, A. (1999). The Afghanistan war as the breakdown of the Soviet Union. Review of International Studies, 25(4), 693–708. doi:10.1017/S0260210599006932
- Rid, T. (2020). Active measures: The secret history of disinformation and political warfare. New York, NY: Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux.
- Rubin, B. (2020, September). A new look at Iran’s complicated relationship with the Taliban. War on the Rocks Retrieved from https://warontherocks.com/2020/09/a-new-look-at-irans-complicated-relationship-with-the-taliban/
- Scobell, A., Lai, D., & Kamphausen, R. (2011). Chinese lessons from other peoples’ wars. Carlisle, PA: US Army War College Strategic Studies Institute Press.
- Sin, S. (2019/2020/2021, spring). Emerging technologies and terrorism nexus. Lecture presented to the course, Understanding and Responding to Terrorism, The George Washington University, Washington, DC.
- Thompson, L. (2011). The Colt 1911 pistol. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing.
- Tucker, M., & Faddis, C. S. (2010). Operation Hotel California: The clandestine war inside Iraq. Guilford, CT: Lyons Press.
- US Army Corps of Engineers. (2018). Corps risk analysis gateway training module: Introduction to risk assessment. Washington, DC.
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics. (n.d.). Consumer price index [Dataset]. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/cpi/
- US Department of Defense. (2018). Summary of the 2018 national defense strategy of the United States of America. Washington, DC: Department of Defense.
- US Department of Justice, United States Attorney’s Office, Eastern District of Virginia. (2018). Russian national charged with interfering in U.S. political system. Virginia: US Department of Justice.
- US Department of State, Office of the Historian. (n.d.). Foreign relations of the United States, 1977-1980 (Vol. XII). Washington, DC: US Department of State.
- Van Oudenaren, J. S. (2019, April). The impact of great power competition on the U.S. Navy. The National Interest. Retrieved from https://nationalinterest.org/feature/impact-great-power-competition-us-navy-51877
- Walsh, S. P. (2014, April). Special Forces language training: What would it cost to do it right? Small Wars Journal. Retrieved from https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/special-forces-language-training-what-would-it-cost-to-do-it-right
- White House. (2017). National security strategy of the United States. Washington, DC: Author.
- White House. (2021). Interim national security strategic guidance. Washington, DC: Author.
- Wilson, C. (2007, December 28). Interview by A. Cohen [Transcription]. National Public Radio. Retrieved from: https://www.npr.org/transcripts/17675408
- Wilson, M., & Koven, B. S. (2020). Full-spectrum: Capabilities and authorities in cyber and the information environment. West Point, NY: Modern War Institute at West Point.
- World Bank. (2020). World development indicators [Dataset]. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD?locations=CN-US