Publication Cover
Journal of Media Ethics
Exploring Questions of Media Morality
Volume 39, 2024 - Issue 1
201
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Exploring Ethical Listening Among Public Relations Professionals

&
Pages 2-15 | Received 04 Apr 2023, Accepted 05 Dec 2023, Published online: 11 Dec 2023

References

  • Arneson, P. (2010). Provocation: An ethic of listening in/and social change. International Journal of Listening, 24(3), 166–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/10904018.2010.513648
  • Beard, D. (2009). A broader understanding of the ethics of listening: Philosophy, cultural studies, media studies and the ethical listening subject. International Journal of Listening, 23(1), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10904010802591771
  • Bodie, G. D. (2010). Treating listening ethically. International Journal of Listening, 24(3), 185–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/10904018.2010.513666
  • Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Sage.
  • Brownell, J. (2010). The skills of listening‐centered communication. In A. Wolvin (Ed.), Listening and Human Communication in the 21st Century, (pp. 141–157). Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
  • Bruning, S. D., & Ledingham, J. A. (1998). Organization‐public relationships and consumer satisfaction: The role of relationships in the satisfaction mix. Communication Research Reports, 15(2), 198–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824099809362114
  • Bureau of Labor Statistics. Public relations specialists. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/media-and-communication/public-relations-specialists.htm#tab-2
  • Byrd, J. T., & Thornton, J. C. (2019). Humility, vulnerability and authentic leadership: A life stories approach. Academy of Business Research Journal, 2, 73–108. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2442629972/abstract/C23325608C354B62PQ/1?accountid=13381&sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals
  • Caldwell, C., & Hayes, L. A. (2016). Self-efficacy and self-awareness: Moral insights to increased leader effectiveness. Journal of Management Development, 35(9), 1163–1173.
  • Caldwell, C., Ichiho, R., & Anderson, V. (2017). Understanding level 5 leaders: The ethical perspectives of leadership humility. Journal of Management Development, 36(5), 724–732. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-09-2016-0184
  • Capizzo, L., & Feinman, M. (2022). Extending civic values in architectures of listening: Arendt, Mouffe and the pluralistic imperative for organizational listening. Journal of Public Relations Research, 34(6), 274–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2022.2127728
  • Carper, B. A. (1979). The ethics of caring. Advances in Nursing Science, 1(3), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1097/00012272-197904000-00004
  • Chu, X., Zhang, L., & Li, M. (2022). Humble leadership and work fatigue: The roles of self-efficacy and perceived team autonomy-support. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 32(4), 340–346. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2022.2031623
  • Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research (3rd ed.). Sage.
  • Damon, W., & Colby, A. (2015). The power of ideals: The real story of moral choice. Oxford University Press.
  • Davey, N. (2006). Unquiet understanding: Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics. State University of New York Press.
  • Drollinger, T., Comer, L. B., & Warrington, P. T. (2006). Development and validation of the active empathetic listening scale. Psychology & Marketing, 23(2), 161–180. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20105
  • Ethics Unwrapped. Being your best self, Part 1: Moral awareness. https://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/video/best-self-part-1-moral-awareness#:~:text=Moral%20awareness%20is%20the%20ability,decision%20that%20one%20must%20make.
  • Ewing, M., Men, L. R., & O’Neil, J. (2019). Using social media to engage employees: Insights from internal communication managers. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 13(2), 110–132.
  • Falconi, T. (2016). Organizational listening. In C. E. Carroll (Ed.), The SAGE Encyclopedia of Corporate Reputation, (pp. 543–546). Sage.
  • Fawkes, J. (2015). A Jungian conscience: Self-awareness for public relations practice. Public Relations Review, 41(5), 726–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2015.06.005
  • Floyd, J. J. (2010). Listening: A dialogic perspective. In A. Wolvin (Ed.), Listening and Human Communication in the 21st Century, (pp. 127–140). Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
  • Gearhart, C. C., & Maben, S. K. (2021). Active and empathic listening in social media: What do stakeholders really expect. International Journal of Listening, 35(3), 166–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/10904018.2019.1602046
  • Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice. Harvard University Press.
  • Grunig, L. A., Grunig, J. E., & Dozier, D. M. (2002). Excellent public relations and effective organizations: A study of communication management in three countries. Routledge.
  • Johannesen, R. L. (2002). Ethics and human communication. Waveland Press.
  • Kang, M.(2014). Understanding public engagement: Conceptualizing and measuring its influence on supportive behavioral intentions. Journal of Public Relations Research, 26(5), 399–416.
  • Kant, I. (1964). Groundwork of the metaphysic of morals. (H. J. Paton, Trans.). Harper & Row. ( Original work published 1785)
  • Kent, M. L., & Taylor, M. (2002). Toward a dialogic theory of public relations. Public Relations Review, 28(1), 21–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(02)00108-X
  • Lavelock, C. R., Worthington, E. L., Griffin, B. J., Garthe, R. C., Elnasseh, A., Davis, D. E., & Hook, J. N. (2017). Still waters run deep: Humility as a master virtue. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 45(4), 286–303.
  • Leary, M., & Banker, C. C. (2019). A critical examination and reconceptualization of humility. In J. C. Wright (Ed.), Humility (pp. 64–91). Oxford University Press.
  • Ledingham, J. A., & Bruning, S. D. (1998). Relationship management in public relations: Dimensions of an organization-public relationship. Public Relations Review, 24(1), 55–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(98)80020-9
  • Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage.
  • Macnamara, J. (2013). Beyond voice: Audience-making and the work and architecture of listening as new media literacies. Continuum, 27(1), 160–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2013.736950
  • Macnamara, J. (2015). Creating an “architecture of listening” in organizations. the basis of engagement, trust, healthy democracy, social equity, and business sustainability. University of Technology Sydney, Sydney.
  • Macnamara, J. (2016a). Organizational listening: Addressing a major gap in public relations theory and practice. Journal of Public Relations Research, 28(3–4), 146–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2016.1228064
  • Macnamara, J. (2016b). Organizational listening: The missing essential in public communication. Peter Lang.
  • Macnamara, J. (2018). Toward a theory and practice of organizational listening. International Journal of Listening, 32(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/10904018.2017.1375076
  • Madden, S., Haught, M. J., & James, A. (2021). Key issue operatives in an issue-driven network: Public relations as a “pocket of strength” in campus sexual assault awareness and prevention. Public Relations Review, 47(5), 102114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2021.102114
  • Manusov, V., Stofleth, D., Harvey, J. A., & Crowley, J. P. (2020). Conditions and consequences of listening well for interpersonal relationships: Modeling active-empathic listening, social-emotional skills, trait mindfulness, and relational quality. International Journal of Listening, 34(2), 110–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/10904018.2018.1507745
  • Men, L. R. (2015). The internal communication role of the chief executive officer: Communication channels, style, and effectiveness. Public Relations Review, 41(4), 461–471.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage.
  • Mill, J. S. (2022). The collected works of John Stuart Mill. DigiCat.
  • Morinis, A. (2019). Occupying your rightful space. In J. C. Wright (Ed.), Humility (pp. 25–40). Oxford University Press.
  • Mosher, D. K., Hook, J. N., Davis, D. E., Van Tongeren, D. R., & Worthington, E. L., Jr. (2019). A relational humility framework. In J. C. Wright (Ed.), Humility (pp. 92–115). Oxford University Press.
  • Neill, M. S., & Bowen, S. A. (2021a). Employee perceptions of ethical listening in US organizations. Public Relations Review, 47(5), 102123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2021.102123
  • Neill, M. S., & Bowen, S. A. (2021b). Ethical listening to employees during a pandemic: New approaches, barriers and lessons. Journal of Communication Management, 25(3), 276–297. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-09-2020-0103
  • The page principles. https://www.bellisario.psu.edu/page-center/about/arthur-w-page/the-page-principles
  • Parks, E. S. (2015). Listening with empathy in organizational communication. Organization Development Journal, 33(3), 9.
  • Parks, E. S. (2019). The ethics of listening: Creating space for sustainable dialogue. Lexington Books.
  • Place, K. R. (2019). Listening as the driver of public relations practice and communications strategy within a global public relations agency. Public Relations Journal, 12(3), 1–18.
  • Place, K. R. (2022). Toward a framework for listening with consideration for intersectionality: Insights from public relations professionals in borderland spaces. Journal of Public Relations Research, 34(1–2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2022.2057502
  • Plaisance, P. L. (2013). Media ethics: Key principles for responsible practice. Sage Publications.
  • Plaisance, P. L. (2014). Virtue in media: The moral psychology of excellence in news and public relations. Routledge.
  • Reynolds, S. J. (2006). Moral awareness and ethical predispositions: Investigating the role of individual differences in the recognition of moral issues. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(1), 233. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.1.233
  • Reynolds, S. J., & Miller, J. A. (2015). The recognition of moral issues: Moral awareness, moral sensitivity and moral attentiveness. Current Opinion in Psychology, 6, 114–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.07.007
  • Ross, D. (1995). Aristotle. Routledge.
  • Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (2005). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data (2nd ed.). Sage.
  • Sahay, S. (2021). Organizational listening during organizational change: Perspectives of employees and executives. International Journal of Listening, 37(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10904018.2021.1941029
  • Shen, H., & Jiang, H. (2019). Engaged at work? An employee engagement model in public relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 31(1–2), 32–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2019.1585855
  • Tam, L., & Kim, J. N. (2019). Social media analytics: How they support company public relations. Journal of Business Strategy, 40(1), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBS-06-2017-0078
  • Tangney, J. P. (2009). Humility. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Oxford handbook of positive psychology (pp. 483–490). Oxford University Press.
  • Waldfogel, H. B., Sheehy-Skeffington, J., Hauser, O. P., Ho, A. K., & Kteily, N. S. (2021). Ideology selectively shapes attention to inequality. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(14). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023985118
  • Wielenberg, E. J. (2019). Secular humility. In J. C. Wright (Ed.), Humility (pp. 41–63). Oxford University Press.
  • Wolvin, A. (2010). Listening engagement: Intersecting theoretical perspectives. In A. D. Wolvin (Ed.), Listening and human communication in the 21st century (pp. 7–30). Wiley-Blackwell.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.