227
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The B-lymphocyte chemokine CXCL13 in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with Lyme neuroborreliosis: associations with clinical and laboratory variables

ORCID Icon, , , , , & show all
Pages 856-863 | Received 04 Sep 2019, Accepted 20 Sep 2019, Published online: 01 Oct 2019

References

  • Cepok S, Zhou D, Vogel F, et al. The immune response at onset and during recovery from Borrelia burgdorferi meningoradiculitis. Arch Neurol. 2003;60(6):849–855.
  • Rupprecht TA, Koedel U, Fingerle V, et al. The pathogenesis of Lyme neuroborreliosis: from infection to inflammation. Mol Med. 2008;14(3–4):205–212.
  • Cerar T, Ogrinc K, Lotric-Furlan S, et al. Diagnostic value of cytokines and chemokines in Lyme neuroborreliosis. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2013;20(10):1578–1584.
  • Henningsson AJ, Tjernberg I, Malmvall BE, et al. Indications of Th1 and Th17 responses in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis: a large retrospective study. J Neuroinflammation. 2011;8(1):36.
  • Pietikainen A, Maksimow M, Kauko T, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in Lyme neuroborreliosis. J Neuroinflammation. 2016;13(1):273.
  • Gyllemark P, Forsberg P, Ernerudh J, et al. Intrathecal Th17- and B cell-associated cytokine and chemokine responses in relation to clinical outcome in Lyme neuroborreliosis: a large retrospective study. J Neuroinflammation. 2017;14(1):27.
  • Rupprecht TA, Plate A, Adam M, et al. The chemokine CXCL13 is a key regulator of B cell recruitment to the cerebrospinal fluid in acute Lyme neuroborreliosis. J Neuroinflammation. 2009;6:42.
  • Xing J, Radkay L, Monaco SE, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology of Lyme neuroborreliosis: a report of 3 cases with literature review. Acta Cytol. 2015;59(4):339–344.
  • Barstad B, Tveitnes D, Noraas S, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid B-lymphocyte chemoattractant CXCL13 in the diagnosis of acute Lyme neuroborreliosis in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2017;36(12):e286–e292.
  • Hytonen J, Kortela E, Waris M, et al. CXCL13 and neopterin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis and other diseases that cause neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation. 2014;11:103.
  • Ljostad U, Mygland A. CSF B-lymphocyte chemoattractant (CXCL13) in the early diagnosis of acute Lyme neuroborreliosis. J Neurol. 2008;255(5):732–737.
  • Schmidt C, Plate A, Angele B, et al. A prospective study on the role of CXCL13 in Lyme neuroborreliosis. Neurology. 2011;76(12):1051–1058.
  • Senel M, Rupprecht TA, Tumani H, et al. The chemokine CXCL13 in acute neuroborreliosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010;81(8):929–933.
  • Sillanpää H, Skogman BH, Sarvas H, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid chemokine CXCL13 in the diagnosis of neuroborreliosis in children. Scand J Infect Dis. 2013;45(7):526–530.
  • Tjernberg I, Henningsson AJ, Eliasson I, et al. Diagnostic performance of cerebrospinal fluid chemokine CXCL13 and antibodies to the C6-peptide in Lyme neuroborreliosis. J Infect. 2011;62(2):149–158.
  • Wutte N, Berghold A, Loffler S, et al. CXCL13 chemokine in pediatric and adult neuroborreliosis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2011;124(5):321–328.
  • Rupprecht TA, Manz KM, Fingerle V, et al. Diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid CXCL13 for acute Lyme neuroborreliosis. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018;24(12):1234.
  • Broekhuijsen-van Henten DM, Braun KP, Wolfs TF. Clinical presentation of childhood neuroborreliosis; neurological examination may be normal. Arch Dis Child. 2010;95(11):910–914.
  • Skogman BH, Croner S, Nordwall M, et al. Lyme neuroborreliosis in children: a prospective study of clinical features, prognosis, and outcome. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27(12):1089–1094.
  • Tveitnes D, Øymar K, Natås O. Laboratory data in children with Lyme neuroborreliosis, relation to clinical presentation and duration of symptoms. Scand J Infect Dis. 2009;41(5):355–362.
  • Stanek G, Strle F. Lyme borreliosis. Lancet. 2003;362(9396):1639–1647.
  • Barstad B, Quarsten H, Tveitnes D, et al. Direct molecular detection and genotyping of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato in cerebrospinal fluid of children with Lyme neuroborreliosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2018;56(5):pii: e01868-17.
  • Busch U, Hizo-Teufel C, Boehmer R, et al. Three species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzelii, and B. garinii) identified from cerebrospinal fluid isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 1996;34(5):1072–1078.
  • Eiffert H, Ohlenbusch A, Christen HJ, et al. Nondifferentiation between Lyme disease spirochetes from vector ticks and human cerebrospinal fluid. J Infect Dis. 1995;171(2):476–479.
  • Lebech AM. Polymerase chain reaction in diagnosis of Borrelia burgdorferi infections and studies on taxonomic classification. APMIS Suppl. 2002;105:1–40.
  • Ornstein K, Berglund J, Bergstrom S, et al. Three major Lyme Borrelia genospecies (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzelii and B. garinii) identified by PCR in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with neuroborreliosis in Sweden. Scand J Infect Dis. 2002;34(5):341–346.
  • Ruzic-Sabljic E, Lotric-Furlan S, Maraspin V, et al. Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolated from cerebrospinal fluid. APMIS. 2001;109(10):707–713.
  • Strle F, Ruzic-Sabljic E, Cimperman J, et al. Comparison of findings for patients with Borrelia garinii and Borrelia afzelii isolated from cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43(6):704–710.
  • Barrera-Gomez J, Basagana X. Models with transformed variables: interpretation and software. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass). 2015;26(2):e16–e17.
  • Henningsson AJ, Lager M, Brannstrom R, et al. The chemokine CXCL13 in cerebrospinal fluid in children with Lyme neuroborreliosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2018;37(10):1983–1991.
  • Markowicz M, Schotta AM, Kundi M, et al. CXCL13 concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis and other neurological disorders determined by Luminex and ELISA. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2018;9(5):1137–1142.
  • van Burgel ND, Bakels F, Kroes AC, et al. Discriminating Lyme neuroborreliosis from other neuroinflammatory diseases by levels of CXCL13 in cerebrospinal fluid. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49(5):2027–2030.
  • Bremell D, Mattsson N, Edsbagge M, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid CXCL13 in Lyme neuroborreliosis and asymptomatic HIV infection. BMC Neurol. 2013;13:2.
  • Rupprecht TA, Lechner C, Tumani H, et al. CXCL13: a biomarker for acute Lyme neuroborreliosis: investigation of the predictive value in the clinical routine. Nervenarzt. 2014;85(4):459–464.
  • Reiber H. Dynamics of brain-derived proteins in cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Chim Acta. 2001;310(2):173–186.
  • Reiber H. Proteins in cerebrospinal fluid and blood: barriers, CSF flow rate and source-related dynamics. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2003;21(3–4):79–96.
  • Asgari M, de Zelicourt DA, Kurtcuoglu V. Barrier dysfunction or drainage reduction: differentiating causes of CSF protein increase. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2017;14(1):14.
  • Tveitnes D, Oymar K. Gender differences in childhood Lyme neuroborreliosis. Behav Neurol. 2015;2015:1.
  • Cabral ES, Gelderblom H, Hornung RL, et al. Borrelia burgdorferi lipoprotein-mediated TLR2 stimulation causes the down-regulation of TLR5 in human monocytes. J Infect Dis. 2006;193(6):849–859.
  • Rupprecht TA, Kirschning CJ, Popp B, et al. Borrelia garinii induces CXCL13 production in human monocytes through Toll-like receptor 2. Infect Immun. 2007;75(9):4351–4356.
  • Schroder NW, Morath S, Alexander C, et al. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus activates immune cells via Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), and CD14, whereas TLR-4 and MD-2 are not involved. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(18):15587–15594.
  • Pilz G, Wipfler P, Otto F, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid CXLC13 indicates disease course in neuroinfection: an observational study. J Neuroinflammation. 2019;16(1):13.
  • Ramesh G, Didier PJ, England JD, et al. Inflammation in the pathogenesis of Lyme neuroborreliosis. Am J Pathol. 2015;185(5):1344–1360.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.