Student loan debt and mental health: a comprehensive review of scholarly literature from 1900 to 2019

References

• Adams, J. (2016, March). The history of student loans goes back to the middle ages. The Conversation. Retrieved fromhttps://theconversation.com/the-history-of-student-loans-goes-back-to-the-middle-ages-56326
   Google Scholar
• Alwin, D. F. (2012). Integrating varieties of life course concepts. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 67(2), 206–220. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbr146
   Google Scholar
• Amir, E., Teslow, J., & Borders, C. (2021). The MeasureOne private student loan report. MeasureOne. https://fs.hubspotusercontent00.net/hubfs/6171800/assets/downloads/MeasureOne%20Private%20Student%20Loan%20Report%20Q3%202021%20FINAL%20VERSION.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, W. (1970). Services offered by college counseling centers. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 17(4), 380–382. doi: 10.1037/h0029661
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arafat, M. Y., Zaman, S., & Hawlader, M. D. H. (2023). Telemedicine improves mental health in COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Global Health, 11, 03004. doi: 10.7189/jogh.11.03004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archuleta, K. L., Dale, A., & Spann, S. M. (2013). College students and financial distress: Exploring debt, financial satisfaction, and financial anxiety. Journal of Financial Counseling & Planning, 24(2), 50–62.
   Google Scholar
• Asmussen, C. B., & Møller, C. (2019). Smart literature review: A practical topic modelling approach to exploratory literature review. Journal of Big Data, 6(1), 93. doi: 10.1186/s40537-019-0255-7
   Google Scholar
• Baker, A. R. (2019). Implications of financial concerns for college goal commitment among undergraduate students in the United States. Social Psychology of Education, 22(1), 63–89. doi: 10.1007/s11218-018-9467-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, A. R., & Montalto, C. P. (2019). Student loan debt and financial stress: Implications for academic performance. Journal of College Student Development, 60(1), 115–120. doi: 10.1353/csd.2019.0008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. (2010). Self-efficacy. Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology. doi: 10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0836
   Google Scholar
• Berger, L. M., & Houle, J. N. (2016). Parental debt and children’s socioemotional well-being. Pediatrics, 137(2), e20153059. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-3059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernardi, L., Huinink, J., & Settersten, R. A., Jr. (2019). The life course cube: A tool for studying lives. Advances in Life Course Research, 41, 100258. doi: 10.1016/j.alcr.2018.11.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhatt, N., & Tang, S. (2002). Determinants of repayment in microcredit: Evidence from programs in the United States. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 26(2), 360–376. doi: 10.1111/1468-2427.00384
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black, B. P., Holditch‐Davis, D., & Miles, M. S. (2009). Life course theory as a framework to examine becoming a mother of a medically fragile preterm infant. Research in Nursing & Health, 32(1), 38–49. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Börjesson, M., & Dalberg, T. (2021). Massification, unification, marketisation, internationalisation: A socio-political history of higher education in Sweden 1945–2020. European Journal of Higher Education, 11(3), 346–364. doi: 10.1080/21568235.2021.1945473
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyles, J. D., & Ahmed, B. (2017). Does student debt affect dental students’ and dentists’ stress levels? British Dental Journal, 223(8), 601–606. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.876
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Britt, S. L., Ammerman, D. A., Barrett, S. F., & Jones, S. (2017). Student loans, financial stress, and college student retention. Journal of Student Financial Aid, 47(1), 3. doi: 10.55504/0884-9153.1605
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Britt, S. L., Canale, A., Fernatt, F., Stutz, K., & Tibbetts, R. (2015). Financial stress and financial counseling: Helping college students. Journal of Financial Counseling & Planning, 26(2), 172–186. doi: 10.1891/1052-3073.26.2.172
   Google Scholar
• Britt-Lutter, S., & Heckman, S. J. (2020). The financial life of aspiring veterinarians. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 47(1), 117–124. doi: 10.3138/jvme.0218-017r1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brockliss, L. W. B. (2016). A university of clerics. In L. W. B. Brockliss (Ed.), The University of Oxford: A history (pp. 0). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199243563.003.0003
   Google Scholar
• Chamie, J. (2017). Student Debt Rising Worldwide. Retrieved from. https://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/student-debt-rising-worldwide
   Google Scholar
• Chavas, J.-P. (2023). On the role of social rules in economic development: Historical perspectives. Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review, 20(1), 123–139. doi: 10.1007/s40844-023-00250-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chisholm-Burns, M. A., Spivey, C. A., Jaeger, M. C., & Williams, J. (2017). Associations between pharmacy students’ attitudes toward debt, stress, and student loans. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 81(7), 5918. doi: 10.5688/ajpe8175918
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cobban, A. B. (2001). English university benefactors in the middle ages. History, 86(283), 288–312. doi: 10.1111/1468-229X.00191
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collier, V. U., McCue, J. D., Markus, A., & Smith, L. (2002). Stress in medical residency: Status quo after a decade of reform? Annals of Internal Medicine, 136(5), 384. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-136-5-200203050-00011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke, R., Barkham, M., Audin, K., Bradley, M., & Davy, J. (2004). Student debt and its relation to student mental health. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 28(1), 53–66. doi: 10.1080/0309877032000161814
   Google Scholar
• CSN. (2021). History of Student Aid and CSN. Retrieved fromhttps://www.csn.se/om-csn/vart-uppdrag/studiestodets-och-csns-historia.html
   Google Scholar
• Darling, C. (1969). Imprisonment for debt in 1969. Portia LJ, 4(2), 227–240 https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/newlr4&i=235.
   Google Scholar
• Destin, M., & Svoboda, R. C. (2018). Costs on the mind: The influence of the financial burden of college on academic performance and cognitive functioning. Research in Higher Education, 59(3), 302–324. doi: 10.1007/s11162-017-9469-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolan, P., Peasgood, T., & White, M. (2008). Do we really know what makes us happy? A review of the economic literature on the factors associated with subjective well-being. Journal of Economic Psychology, 29(1), 94–122. doi: 10.1016/j.joep.2007.09.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doran, J. M., Kraha, A., Marks, L. R., Ameen, E. J., & El-Ghoroury, N. H. (2016). Graduate debt in psychology: A quantitative analysis. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 10(1), 3. doi: 10.1037/tep0000112
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doran, J. M., Reid Marks, L., Kraha, A., Ameen, E. J., & El-Ghoroury, N. H. (2016). Graduate debt in psychology: A qualitative analysis. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 10(4), 179. doi: 10.1037/tep0000132
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drentea, P., & Reynolds, J. R. (2015). Where does debt fit in the stress process model? Society and Mental Health, 5(1), 16–32. doi: 10.1177/2156869314554486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dua, T., Barbui, C., Clark, N., Fleischmann, A., Poznyak, V., van Ommeren, M., Yasamy, M. T., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Birbeck, G. L., Drummond, C., Freeman, M., Giannakopoulos, P., Levav, I., Obot, I. S., Omigbodun, O., Patel, V., Phillips, M., Prince, M., Rahimi-Movaghar, A., Rahman, A., Saxena, S. (2011). Evidence-based guidelines for mental, neurological, and substance use disorders in low- and middle-income countries: Summary of WHO recommendations. PLoS Medicine, 8(11), e1001122. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dwyer, R. E. (2018). Credit, debt, and inequality. Annual Review of Sociology, 44(1), 237–261. doi: 10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053420
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dwyer, R. E., McCloud, L., & Hodson, R. (2011). Youth debt, mastery, and self-esteem: Class-stratified effects of indebtedness on self-concept. Social Science Research, 40(3), 727–741. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2011.02.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott, W., & Friedline, T. (2013). “You pay your share, we’ll pay our share”: The college cost burden and the role of race, income, and college assets. Economics of Education Review, 33, 134–153. doi: 10.1016/j.econedurev.2012.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, L., & Chatterjee, S. (2019). Financial socialization, financial education, and student loan debt. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 40(1), 74–85.doi: 10.1007/s10834-018-9589-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farooq, M. O. (2015). Islamic finance and debt culture: Treading the conventional path? International Journal of Social Economics, 42(12), 1168–1195. doi: 10.1108/IJSE-09-2013-0197
   Google Scholar
• Fitch, C., Hamilton, S., Bassett, P., & Davey, R. (2011). The relationship between personal debt and mental health: A systematic review. The Mental Health Review, 16(4), 153–166. doi: 10.1108/13619321111202313
   Google Scholar
• Flint, T. A. (1997). Predicting student loan defaults. Journal of Higher Education, 68(3), 322–. doi: 10.1080/00221546.1997.11778986
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foundation, L. (2023). Looking back. Growth of federal student loans. Growth of Federal Student Loans. https://www.luminafoundation.org/history-of-federal-student-aid/
   Google Scholar
• Fuller, M. B. (2014). A history of financial aid to students. Journal of Student Financial Aid, 44(1), 4. doi: 10.55504/0884-9153.1078
   Google Scholar
• Graeber, D. (2012). Debt: The first 5000 years. Penguin UK.
   Google Scholar
• Grinstein-Weiss, M., Perantie, D. C., Taylor, S. H., Guo, S., & Raghavan, R. (2016). Racial disparities in education debt burden among low- and moderate-income households. Children and Youth Services Review, 65, 166–174. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.04.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guille, M. (2002). Student loans: A solution for Europe? European Journal of Education, 37(4), 417–431. doi: 10.1111/1467-3435.00119
   Google Scholar
• Henderson, C., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2013). Mental illness stigma, help seeking, and public health programs. American Journal of Public Health, 103(5), 777–780. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoeft, T. J., Fortney, J. C., Patel, V., & Unützer, J. (2018). Task-sharing approaches to improve mental health care in rural and other low-resource settings: A systematic review. The Journal of Rural Health, 34(1), 48–62. doi: 10.1111/jrh.12229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houle, J. N. (2014). Mental health in the foreclosure crisis. Social Science & Medicine, 118, 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.07.054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchison, E. D. (2018). Dimensions of human behavior: The changing life course. Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Janney, C. A., Tobe, E., Matteson, S., & Long, B. (2021). Social service provider’s perceptions of financial education for adults with mental illness and/or cognitive impairments. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 55(2), 524–541. doi: 10.1111/joca.12352
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnstone, D. B. (2009). Worldwide trends in financing higher education: A conceptual framework. In Knight, J. (ed.), Financing access and equity in higher education (pp. 1–17). Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Johnstone, D. B. (2016). In Charlottesville. University of Virginia Miller Center https://www.luminafoundation.org/files/resources/financing-american-higher-education.pdf. Accessed August, 22, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, R. W. (2019). The impact of student loan debt and student loan delinquency on total, sex-, and age-specific suicide rates during the great recession. Sociological Inquiry, 89(4), 677–702. doi: 10.1111/soin.12278
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kakar, V., Daniels, G. E., Jr., & Petrovska, O. (2019). Does student loan debt contribute to racial wealth gaps? A decomposition analysis. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 53(4), 1920–1947.doi: 10.1111/joca.12271
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaur, J., & Arora, S. (2019). Indian students’ attitude toward educational debt: Scale development and validation. Quality Assurance in Education, 27(4), 361–383. doi: 10.1108/QAE-12-2018-0131
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemp, S., Horwood, J., & Fergusson, D. (2006). Student loan debt in a New Zealand cohort study. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 41(2), 273–291.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, J., & Chatterjee, S. (2019). Student loans, health, and life satisfaction of US households: Evidence from a panel study. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 40(1), 36–50. doi: 10.1007/s10834-018-9594-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lange, C., & Byrd, M. (1998). The relationship between perceptions of financial distress and feelings of psychological well-being in New Zealand university students. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 7(3), 193–209. doi: 10.1080/02673843.1998.9747824
   Google Scholar
• Lantz, M. M., & Davis, B. L. (2017). For whom the bills pile: An equity frame for an equity problem. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 11(3), 166–173. doi: 10.1037/tep0000162
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsson, G., & Willander, E. (2022). Muslim attitudes towards Islamic finance in Sweden: The case of loans with interest. Nordic Journal of Religion and Society, 34(2), 76–88. doi: 10.18261/njrs.34.2.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness. (2017, March 27). Measurement of Well-Being. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Retrieved from https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/health-happiness/research-new/positive-health/measurement-of-well-being/
   Google Scholar
• Levy, J. S. (2004). Student finance schemes in Norway: A case study. UNESCO, International Institute for Educational Planning.
   Google Scholar
• Lim, H., Heckman, S. J., Montalto, C. P., Letkiewicz, J. C., & Montalto, C. P. (2014). Financial stress, self-efficacy, and financial help-seeking behavior of college students. Journal of Financial Counseling & Planning, 26(1), 148–160.
   Google Scholar
• Lipson, S. K., Lattie, E. G., & Eisenberg, D. (2019). Increased rates of mental health service utilization by U.S. college students: 10-year population-level trends (2007–2017). Psychiatric Services, 70(1), 60–63. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merani, S., Abdulla, S., Kwong, J. C., Rosella, L., Streiner, D. L., Johnson, I. L., & Dhalla, I. A. (2010). Increasing tuition fees in a country with two different models of medical education. Medical Education, 44(6), 577–586. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03630.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montalto, C. P., Phillips, E. L., McDaniel, A., & Baker, A. R. (2019). College student financial wellness: Student loans and beyond. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 40(1), 3–21. doi: 10.1007/s10834-018-9593-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, J., Gale, J., Dew, K., & Davie, G. (2006). Student debt amongst junior doctors in New Zealand; part 1: Quantity, distribution, and psychosocial impact. New Zealand Medical Journal, 119(1229), 12–20.
   Google Scholar
• Morra, D. J., Regehr, G., & Ginsburg, S. (2008). Anticipated debt and financial stress in medical students. Medical Teacher, 30(3), 313–315. doi: 10.1080/01421590801953000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muirhead, V., & Locker, D. (2007). Canadian dental students’ perceptions of stress. Journal of the Canadian Dental Association, 73(4), 323.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norvilitis, J. M., & Batt, M. J. (2016). Beyond financial need: Predictors of student loans and student loan attitudes. Journal of Student Financial Aid, 46(3). doi: 10.55504/0884-9153.1574
   Google Scholar
• The Office of Federal Student Aid. (2022). Federal Student Loan Portfolio. Retrieved from https://studentaid.gov/data-center/student/portfolio
   Google Scholar
• Opheim, V. (2005). The economic burden of student loan repayment in Norway. Education Economics, 13(4), 427–447. doi: 10.1080/09645290500252043
   Google Scholar
• Perkin, H. (2007). History of universities. In J. J. F. Forest & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), International handbook of higher education (pp. 159–205). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4012-2_10
   Google Scholar
• Pisaniello, M. S., Asahina, A. T., Bacchi, S., Wagner, M., Perry, S. W., Wong, M.-L., & Licinio, J. (2019). Effect of medical student debt on mental health, academic performance and specialty choice: A systematic review. British Medical Journal Open, 9(7), e029980. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabani Bavojdan, M., Towhidi, A., & Rahmati, A. (2011). The relationship between mental health and general self-efficacy beliefs, coping strategies and locus of control in male drug abusers. Addiction and Health, 3(3–4), 111–118.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Richardson, T., Elliott, P., Roberts, R., & Jansen, M. (2017). A longitudinal study of financial difficulties and mental health in a national sample of British undergraduate students. Community Mental Health Journal, 53(3), 344–352. doi: 10.1007/s10597-016-0052-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson, T., Yeebo, M., Jansen, M., Elliott, P., & Roberts, R. (2018). Financial difficulties and psychosis risk in British undergraduate students: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Public Mental Health, 17(2), 61–68. doi: 10.1108/JPMH-12-2016-0056
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robb, C. A., Moody, B., & Abdel-Ghany, M. (2012). College student persistence to degree: The burden of debt. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 13(4), 431–456. doi: 10.2190/CS.13.4.b
   Google Scholar
• Roddenberry, A., & Renk, K. (2010). Locus of control and self-efficacy: Potential mediators of stress, illness, and utilization of health services in college students. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 41(4), 353–370. doi: 10.1007/s10578-010-0173-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohlfing, J., Navarro, R., Maniya, O. Z., Hughes, B. D., & Rogalsky, D. K. (2014). Medical student debt and major life choices other than specialty. Medical Education Online, 19(1), 25603. doi: 10.3402/meo.v19.25603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, S., Cleland, J., & Macleod, M. J. (2006). Stress, debt and undergraduate medical student performance. Medical Education, 40(6), 584–589. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02448.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salmi, J. (2003). Student loans in an international perspective: The World Bank experience. LCSHD Paper Series, 44. https://web.worldbank.org/archive/website00240/WEB/PDF/STUDENT_.PDF
   Google Scholar
• Sanyal, B. C., & Johnstone, D. B. (2011). International trends in the public and private financing of higher education. PROSPECTS, 41(1), 157–175. doi: 10.1007/s11125-011-9180-z
   Google Scholar
• Sato, Y., Watt, R. G., Saijo, Y., Yoshioka, E., & Osaka, K. (2019). Student loans and psychological distress: A cross-sectional study of young adults in Japan. Journal of Epidemiology, 30(10), 436–441. JE20190057. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20190057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shim, S., Serido, J., & Lee, S.-K. (2019). Problem-solving orientations, financial self-efficacy, and student-loan repayment stress. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 53(3), 1273–1296. doi: 10.1111/joca.12228
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha, G. R. (2022). The loan game. Harnessing big data to compare naturalistic mental health expressions on student loan debts. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved fromhttps://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/124833
   Google Scholar
• Sinha, G. R., & Larrison, C. R. (2021). Social work and technology: Text mining three decades of scholarly literature (1985–2018). Journal of Social Work, 21(4), 891–912. doi: 10.1177/1468017320948333
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha, G. R., Larrison, C. R., Brooks, I., & Kursuncu, U. (2023). Comparing naturalistic mental health expressions on Student loan debts using Reddit and twitter. Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 1–16. doi: 10.1080/26408066.2023.2202668
   Google Scholar
• Sinha, G., Tan, K., & Zhan, M. (2018). Patterns of financial attributes and behaviors of emerging adults in the United States. Children and Youth Services Review, 93, 178–185. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.07.023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steil, J. P., Albright, L., Rugh, J. S., & Massey, D. S. (2018). The social structure of mortgage discrimination. Housing Studies, 33(5), 759–776. doi: 10.1080/02673037.2017.1390076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tay, L., Batz, C., Parrigon, S., & Kuykendall, L. (2017). Debt and subjective well-being: The other side of the income-happiness coin. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(3), 903–937. doi: 10.1007/s10902-016-9758-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, S., Perantie, D., Kantor, N., Grinstein-Weiss, M., Guo, S., & Raghavan, R. (2016). Racial disparities in student debt: Evidence from the refund to savings initiative. Center for Social Development Research. doi: 10.7936/K7K64HMC
   Google Scholar
• Tran, A. G. T. T., Mintert, J. S., Llamas, J. D., & Lam, C. K. (2018). At what costs? Student loan debt, debt stress, and racially/ethnically diverse college students’ perceived health. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 24(4), 459–469. doi: 10.1037/cdp0000207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voskamp, M. (1952). Mississippi’s medical education loan program. Journal of Medical Education, 27(2), 111–113.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walsemann, K. M., Ailshire, J. A., & Gee, G. C. (2016). Student loans and racial disparities in self-reported sleep duration: Evidence from a nationally representative sample of US young adults. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 70(1), 42–48. doi: 10.1136/jech-2015-205583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsemann, K. M., Ailshire, J. A., Hartnett, C. S., & Carr, D. (2019). The other student debt crisis: How borrowing to pay for a child’s college education relates to parents’ mental health at midlife. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 75(7), 1494–1503. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbz146
   Google Scholar
• Walsemann, K. M., Gee, G. C., & Gentile, D. (2015). Sick of our loans: Student borrowing and the mental health of young adults in the United States. Social Science & Medicine, 124, 85–93. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.11.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West, C. P., Shanafelt, T. D., & Kolars, J. C. (2011). Quality of life, burnout, educational debt, and medical knowledge among internal medicine residents. JAMA, 306(9), 952–960. doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.1247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witteveen, A. B., Young, S., Cuijpers, P., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Barbui, C., Bertolini, F., Cabello, M., Cadorin, C., Downes, N., Franzoi, D., Gasior, M., John, A., Melchior, M., McDaid, D., Palantza, C., Purgato, M., Van der Waerden, J., Wang, S., & Sijbrandij, M. (2022). Remote mental health care interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic: An umbrella review. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 159, 104226. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodhall, M. (2003). Student loans in an international context. In Guthrie, J. W. (editor in chief). Encyclopedia of Education Second Edition (pp. 2377–2381). New York: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Xiao, H., Carney, D. M., Youn, S. J., Janis, R. A., Castonguay, L. G., Hayes, J. A., & Locke, B. D. (2017). Are we in crisis? National mental health and treatment trends in college counseling centers. Psychological Services, 14(4), 407–415. doi: 10.1037/ser0000130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, J. J., Porto, N., & Mason, I. M. (2020). Financial capability of student loan holders who are college students, graduates, or dropouts. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 54(4), 1383–1401. doi: 10.1111/joca.12336
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, J., & Kemp, S. (2009). The relationships between student debt and motivation, happiness, and academic achievement. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 38(2), 24–29.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, Q., & Kim, H. (2019). American young adults’ debt and psychological distress. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 40(1), 22–35. doi: 10.1007/s10834-018-9605-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhan, M., & Sinha, G. R. (2019). Wealth building among young adults with Student loan debt: What factors make a difference? Social Development Issues, 41(2), 33–48.
   Google Scholar
• Zhu, Y., Wang, R., & Pu, C. (2022). “I am chatbot, your virtual mental health adviser.” what drives citizens’ satisfaction and continuance intention toward mental health chatbots during the COVID-19 pandemic? An empirical study in China. Digital Health, 8, 20552076221090031. doi: 10.1177/20552076221090031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziderman, A., & Albrecht, D. (1995). Financing universities in developing countries. Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar