Quantitative Distribution Profile of Cadmium and Lead in Different Organs of Rats and Mitigation of their Accumulation Through Probiotic Treatment

References

• Glicklich D, Frishman WH. The case for cadmium and lead heavy metal screening. Am J Med Sci [Internet]. 2021;362(4):344–14. [accessed 2023 Sep 30]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34048724/.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garza A, Vega R, Soto E. Cellular mechanisms of lead neurotoxicity. 2023 Mar 31. http://www.medscimonit.com/abstract/index/idArt/447121.
   Google Scholar
• Sanders T, Liu Y, Buchner V, Tchounwou PB. Neurotoxic effects and biomarkers of lead exposure: a review. Rev Environ Health [Internet]. 2009;24(1):15. [accessed 2023 Mar 29]. pmc/articles/PMC2858639/. doi:10.1515/REVEH.2009.24.1.15.
   Google Scholar
• Jain S, Kumar S, Aggarwal CS, Ahuja GK. Encephalopthy due to inorganic lead exposure in an adult. Jpn J Med. 1987;26(2):253–254. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine1962.26.253.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mason LH, Harp JP, Han DY. Pb neurotoxicity: neuropsychological effects of lead toxicity. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:1–8. doi:10.1155/2014/840547.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang B, Du Y. Cadmium and its neurotoxic effects. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2013;2013:1–12. doi:10.1155/2013/898034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan Y, Yang JC, Xu H, Sun Y, Fei HF, Chun BJ, Zhong LX, Gu JH, Liu ZP. Cadmium-induced apoptosis in primary rat cerebral cortical neurons culture is mediated by a calcium signaling pathway. PloS One [Internet]. 2013;8(5):e64330. [accessed 2023 Mar 31]. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0064330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Liu L, Huang S. Cadmium activates the Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway via induction of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of protein phosphatases 2A and 5. Free Radical Biol Med. 2008;45(7):1035–1044. [accessed 2023 Mar 31];]. https://www.elsevier.com/locate/freeradbiomed.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu B, Chen S, Luo Y, Chen Z, Liu L, Zhou H, Chen W, Shen T, Han X, Chen L. et al. Calcium signaling is involved in cadmium-induced neuronal apoptosis via induction of reactive oxygen Species and activation of MAPK/mTOR network. PloS One [Internet]. 2011;6(4):e19052. [accessed 2023 Mar 31]. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0019052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan Cheng C, Mruk DD. The Blood-Testis Barrier and its implications for male contraception. Pharmacol Rev [Internet]. 2012;64(1):16. [accessed 2023 Sep 30]. /pmc/articles/PMC3250082/. doi:10.1124/pr.110.002790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferraro PM, Costanzi S, Naticchia A, Sturniolo A, Gambaro G. Low level exposure to cadmium increases the risk of chronic kidney disease: analysis of the NHANES 1999-2006. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2010;10: 1–8. [accessed 2023 Jun 2]. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-10-304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wadi SA, Ahmad G. Effects of lead on the male reproductive system in mice. J Toxicol Environ Heal Part A [Internet]. 1999;56(7):513–521. [accessed 2023 Sep 21]. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/009841099157953.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Navas-Acien A, Guallar E, Silbergeld EK, Rothenberg SJ. Lead exposure and cardiovascular disease—a systematic review. Environ Health Perspect [Internet]. 2007;115: 472–482. [accessed 2023 Sep 21]. https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/ehp.9785.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner TT, Lysiak JJ. Oxidative stress: a common factor in testicular dysfunction. J Androl [Internet]. 2008;29(5):488–498. [accessed 2023 Sep 29]. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2164/jandrol.108.005132.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhu Q, Li X, Ge RS. Toxicological effects of cadmium on Mammalian Testis. Front Genet. 2020;11:519168. doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.00527.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar S, Sharma A. Cadmium toxicity: effects on human reproduction and fertility. Rev Environ Health [Internet]. 2019;34(4):327–338. [accessed 2023 Sep 30]. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/reveh-2019-0016/html.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monachese M, Burton JP, Reid G. Bioremediation and tolerance of humans to heavy metals through microbial processes: a potential role for probiotics? Appl Environ Microbiol [Internet]. 2012;78:6397. [accessed 2023 Sep 28]. /pmc/articles/PMC3426676/. doi:10.1128/AEM.01665-12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palma MNN, Rocha GC, Valadares Filho SC, Detmann E. Evaluation of acid digestion procedures to estimate mineral contents in materials from animal trials. Asian-Australasian J Anim Sci [Internet]. 2015;28(11):1624–1628. [accessed 2023 Sep 27]. http://www.animbiosci.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.5713/ajas.15.0068.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marklund S, Marklund G. Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem [Internet]. 1974;47(3):469–474. [accessed 2023 Sep 22]. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaushal D, Kansal VK. Probiotic Dahi containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacterium bifidum alleviates age-inflicted oxidative stress and improves expression of biomarkers of ageing in mice. Mol Biol Rep [Internet]. 2012;39(2):1791–1799. [accessed 2023 Sep 30]. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11033-011-0920-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tai YT, Chou SH, Cheng CY, Te HC, Lin HC, Jung SM, Chu PH, Ko FH. The preferential accumulation of cadmium ions among various tissues in mice. Toxicol Rep. 2022;9:111–119. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.01.002.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhai Q, Yin R, Yu L, Wang G, Tian F, Yu R, Zhao J, Liu X, Chen YQ, Zhang H. et al. Screening of lactic acid bacteria with potential protective effects against cadmium toxicity. Food Control. 2015;54:23–30. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.01.037.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winiarska-Mieczan A, Kwiecień M. The effect of exposure to Cd and Pb in the form of a drinking water or feed on the accumulation and distribution of these metals in the organs of growing Wistar rats. Biol Trace Elem Res [Internet]. 2016;169(2):230–236. [accessed 2023 Sep 29]. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12011-015-0414-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong EWP, Cheng CY. Impacts of environmental toxicants on male reproductive dysfunction. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2011;32(5):290–299. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2011.01.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adhikari N, Sinha N, Narayan R, Saxena DK. Lead-induced cell death in testes of young rats. J Appl Toxicol [Internet]. 2001;21(4):275–277. [accessed 2023 Sep 29]. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jat.754.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reshma Anjum M, Madhu P, Pratap Reddy K, Sreenivasula Reddy P. The protective effects of zinc in lead-induced testicular and epididymal toxicity in Wistar rats. Toxicol Ind Health [Internet]. 2017;33(3):265–276. [accessed 2023 Sep 29]. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0748233716637543.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Magd MA, Kahilo KA, Nasr NE, Kamal T, Shukry M, Saleh AA. A potential mechanism associated with lead-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Andrologia [Internet]. 2017;49(9):e12750. [accessed 2023 Sep 29]. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/and.12750.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breton J, Massart S, Vandamme P, De Brandt E, Pot B, Foligné B. Ecotoxicology inside the gut: impact of heavy metals on the mouse microbiome. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol [Internet]. 2013;14:62. [accessed 2023 Sep 27]. /pmc/articles/PMC3874687/. doi:10.1186/2050-6511-14-62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu J, Yu L, Shen X, Tian F, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai Q. Protective effects of lactobacillus plantarum ccfm8610 against acute toxicity caused by different food-derived forms of cadmium in mice. Int J Mol Sci Int. 2021;22(20):11045. [accessed 2023 Sep 27]. /pmc/articles/PMC8537435/. doi:10.3390/ijms222011045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daisley BA, Monachese M, Trinder M, Bisanz JE, Chmiel JA, Burton JP, Reid G. Immobilization of cadmium and lead by lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 mitigates apical-to-basolateral heavy metal translocation in a caco-2 model of the intestinal epithelium. Gut Microbes [Internet]. 2019;10:321. [accessed 2023 Sep 28]. /pmc/articles/PMC6546314/. doi:10.1080/19490976.2018.1526581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Wu J, Xiao Y, Liu Q, Yu L, Tian F, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai Q. Relief of cadmium-induced intestinal motility disorder in mice by lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8610. Front Immunol. 2020;11:619574. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.619574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang S, Xiong Z, Xu T, Peng C, Hu A, Jiang W, Xiong Z, Wu Y, Yang F, Cao H. Compound probiotics alleviate cadmium-induced intestinal dysfunction and microbiota disorders in broilers. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022;234:113374. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinoshita H, Jumonji M, Yasuda S, Igoshi K. Protection of human intestinal epithelial cells from oxidative stress caused by mercury using lactic acid bacteria. Biosci Microbiota, Food Heal. 2020;39(3):183–187. doi:10.12938/bmfh.2019-049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giri SS, Yun S, Jun JW, Kim HJ, Kim SG, Kang JW, Kim SW, Han SJ, Sukumaran V, Park SC. Therapeutic effect of intestinal autochthonous lactobacillus reuteri P16 against waterborne lead toxicity in Cyprinus carpio. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1824. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01824.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang X, Gu S, Liu D, Zhao L, Xia S, He X, Chen H, Ge J. Lactobacillus brevis 23017 relieves mercury toxicity in the colon by modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation through the interplay of MAPK and NF-κB signaling cascades. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:413201. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02425.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao J, Tian F, Yan S, Zhai Q, Zhang H, Chen W. Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM10 alleviating oxidative stress and restoring the gut microbiota in d -galactose-induced aging mice. Food Funct [Internet]. 2018;9(2):917–924. [accessed 2023 Sep 28]. https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2018/fo/c7fo01574g.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin MY, Chang FJ. Antioxidative effect of intestinal bacteria Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15708 and Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356. Dig Dis Sci [Internet]. 2000;45(8):1617–1622. [accessed 2023 Dec 26]. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1005577330695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Wu Y, Wang Y, Xu H, Mei X, Yu D, Wang Y, Li W. Antioxidant properties of probiotic bacteria. Nutr. 2017;9(5):521. [accessed 2023 Dec 27]]. /pmc/articles/PMC5452251/. doi:10.3390/nu9050521.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou Q, Wu F, Chen S, Cen P, Yang Q, Guan J, Cen L, Zhang T, Zhu H, Chen Z. Lactobacillus reuteri improves function of the intestinal barrier in rats with acute liver failure through nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. Nutrition. 2022;99–100:111673. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2022.111673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho YS, Xiong Y, Ma W, Spector A, Ho DS. Mice lacking catalase develop normally but show differential sensitivity to oxidant tissue injury. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(31):32804–32812. doi:10.1074/jbc.M404800200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kullisaar T, Zilmer M, Mikelsaar M, Vihalemm T, Annuk H, Kairane C, Kilk A. Two antioxidative lactobacilli strains as promising probiotics. Int J Food Microbiol. 2002;72(3):215–224. doi:10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00674-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar