NOTES
- Oakley A: The history of ultrasonography in obstetrics. Birth 13(1):8–13, 1986.
- Bekedam DJ, Visser GHA, &Vries JJ, Prechtl HFR: Motor behavior in the growth retarded fetus. Early Hum Dev 12:155–165, 1985.
- Visser GHA, Laurini RN, deVries JJ, et al.: Abnormal motor behavior in anencephalic fetuses. Early Hum Dev 12:173–182, 1985.
- Visser GITA, Bekedam DJ, Mulder FJH, Ballegooie EV: Delayed emergence of fetal behavior in type 1 - diabetic women. Early Iltun Dev 12:167–172, 1985.
- Milani-Comparetti A: Personal Communication. Alexandria, VA, 1982.
- Preycr W, cited by Prechtl 11FR: Continuity and change in early neural development, in Prechtl II (cd): Continuity of Neural Functions from Prenatal to Postnatal Life. Clinics in Developmental Medicine, No. 94. Philadelphia, .113 Lippincott, 1984, pp 1–15.
- von Ahfeld F, cited by Marsal K: Ultrasonic assessment of fetal activity. Clin Obstet Gynaecol 10(3):541–563, 1983.
- Gennser G, Marsal K, cited by Marsal K: Ultrasonic assessment of fetal activity. Clin Obstet Gynaecol 10(3):541–563, 1983.
- Schmidt W, Csch I, Hara K, Kubli F: Maternal perception of fetal movements and real-time ultrasound findings. J Petinat Med 12(6):313–318, 1984.
- Valentin L, Lofgrcn 0, Marsal K, Gullberg B: Subjective recordings of fetal move-ments, I. Limits and acceptability in normal pregnancies. Ada Obstet Gynecol Scand 63(3):223–228, 1984.
- Eggertsen SC, Benedetti Ti: Fetal well-being assessed by maternal daily fetal-move-ment counting. J Pam Pract 18(51:771–774, 1984.
- Schmidt W, Csch 1, I lara K, Kubli F: Maternal perception, tocodynamometric findings and real-time ultrasound assessment of total fetal activity. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 22(2):85–90, 1984.
- Marsal K: Ultrasonic assessment of fetal activity. Clin Obstet Gynaccol 10(3):541–563, 1983.
- Sorokin Y, Dierker L: Fetal movement. Clin Obstet Gynaecol 25(4):719–734, 1982.
- Gillicson M, Dunlap 11, Nair R, Piton M: Placental site, parity, and date of quickening. Obstet Gynecol 64(1):44–45, 1984.
- Ncldam S: Fetal movements: A comparison between maternal assessment and registra-tion by means of dynamic ultrasound. Dan Med Bull 29:197–199, 1982.
- Ehrstrom C: Circadian rhythm of fetal movements. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 63(6):539–541, 1984.
- Patrick I, Campbell K, Carmichael L, et al.: Patterns of gross fetal body movements over 24-hour observation intervals during the last 10 weeks of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 142(4):363–371, 1982.
- Roberts A, Little D, Cooper D, Campbell 5: Normal patterns of fetal activity in the third trimester. Brit J Obstet Gynaecol 86:4–9, 1979.
- Goodlin RC, Lowe LW: Multiphasic fetal monitoring. Am J Obstet Gynecol 119:341–357, 1974.
- Sadovsky E, Rabinowitz R, Freeman A, Yarkoni S: The relationship between fetal heart rate accelerations, fetal movements, and uterine contractions. Am J Obstet Gynecol 149(2):187–189, 1984.
- Natale R, Nascllo C, Turliuk R: The relationship between movements and accelerations in fetal heart rate at twenty-four to thirty-two weeks gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 148(5):591–595, 1984.
- Vintzileos AM, Campbell WA, Nochimson D: Relationship between fetal heart rate accelerations, fetal movements, and fetal breathing movements. Am J Perinatol 3(l):38-40, 1986.
- Marsal K, Gcnnser G: Fetal breathing examinations: Research tool and/or clinical test?, in Kurjak A (ed): Recent Advances in Ultrasound Diagnosis 2. Amsterdam, Exccrpta Mcdica, 1980, pp. 262–274.
- Natale R, Nasello-Paterson C, Turliuk R; Longitudinal measurements of fetal breath-ing, body movements, heart rate, and heart rate accelerations and decelerations at 24 to 32 weeks of gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 151(2):256–263, 1985.
- Patrick J, Carmichael L, Chess L, Staples C: Accelerations of the human fetal heart rate at 38 to 40 weeks gestational age. Am J Obstet Gynecol 148(1):35–41, 1984.
- Visscr Gil: Fetal behaviour and the cardiovascular system. J Dev Physio16(3):215–224, 1984.
- Jungc 11, Walter II: Behavioral states in the fetus near term. J Petinatal Med 9\(Suppl 1):153, 1981.
- Nujhuis J, Martin CB Jr, Prechtl 11FR: Behavioral states of the human fetus, in Prechtl 11 (cd): Continuity of Neural Functions from Prenatal to Postnatal Life. Clinics in Develop-mental Medicine, No. 94. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott, 1984, pp 65–78.
- Prcchtl HFR: Ultrasound studies of human fetal behavior. Early Hum Dev 12:91–98, 1985.
- Nijhuis J, Prechtl HFR, Martin CB Jr, Rots RS: Are there behavioral states in the human fetus? Early Hum Dev 6:177–195, 1982.
- Prechtl HFR: The behavioral states of the newborn infant. Brain Res 76:185–212, 1974.
- van Vlict MAT, Martin CB Jr, Nijhius JG, Prechtl IIFR: Behavioural states in the fetuses of nulliparous women. Early Hum Dev 12:121–135, 1985.
- Arduini D, Rizzo G, Giorlandino C, ct al.: The development of fetal behavioral states: A longitudinal study. Prenat Diagn 6(2):117–124, 1986.
- Carmichael L, Campbell K, Patrick J: Fetal breathing, gross fetal body movements, and maternal and fetal heart rates before spontaneous labor at term. Am J Obstet Gynecol 148(5):675–679, 1984.
- Ifolden KP, Jovanovic L, Druzin MI., Peterson CM: Increased fetal activity with low maternal blood glucose levels in pregnancies complicated by diabetes. Am J Perinatol 1(2):161–164, 1984.
- Natov D, Yaffe H, Sadovsky E: Diagnosis of fetal jeopardy by assessment of fetal movement and heart rate accelerations. J Perinat Med 11(3):175–178, 1983.
- Sadovsky E, Ilavezeleth 11, Steinwell A, Penchas S: The definition and the significance of decreased fetal movements. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 62(5):409–413, 1983.
- Mor-Yoscf S, Sadovsky E, Brjcjinski A, ct at.: Fetal movements and intrauterine growth retardation. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 21(4):315–318, 1983.
- Minkowski M, cited by Sorokin Y, Dierker L: Fetal movement. Clitt Obstet Gynaecol 25(4):719–734, 1982.
- Barcroft J, Barron DH, cited by deVries JI, Visser GliA, Prechtl HFR: The emergence of fetal behavior. I. Qualitative aspects. Early Hum Dev 7:301–322, 1982.
- Hooker D: The Prenatal Origin of Behavior, 18th Porter Lecture, Lawrence, KS, Uni-versity of Kansas Press, 1952.
- Humphrey T: Postnatal repetition of human prenatal activity sequences with some sug-gestions of their neuronatomical basis in brain and early behavior, in Robinson RB (Ed): Development in the Fetus and Infant. London, Academic Press, 1969, pp. 43–71.
- Hooker D: Early Human Fetal Activity, 16 mm film, Department of Anatomy, Univer-sity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 1952.
- Humphrey T: Some correlations between the appearance of human fetal reflexes and the development of the nervous system. Prog Brain Res 4:93–133, 1964.
- Hofmann D, Hollander Iii, cited by Musa K: Ultrasonic assessment of fetal activity. Clin Obstet Gynaecol 10(3):54 l -563, 1983.
- Reinold,E; Ultrasonics in early pregnancy. Contributions to Gynecoloby and Obstetrics 1:102-127, Basel, S Karger, 1976.
- Shawkcr T, Schuette WIL Whitehouse W, Rifka SM: Early fetal movement: A real-time ultrasound study. Obstet Gynecol 55(2):194–198, 1980.
- Van Dongen I.GR, Goudie EG: Fetal movement patterns in the first trimester of preg-nancy. Brit J Obstet Gynaecol 87:191–193, 1980.
- Birnholz JC, Stephens JD, Faria M: Fetal movement patterns: A possible means of defining neurologic developmental milestones in utero. Am J Roentgettol 130:537–540, 1978.
- deVrics JI, Visser GIIA, Prechtl HFR: The emergence of fetal behavior. I. Qualitative aspects. Early Hum Des' 7:301–322, 1982.
- lanniruberto A, Tajani E: Ultrasonic study of fetal movements. Sent Perinatol 5:175–181, 1981.
- Milani-Comparctli A: Pattern analysis of normal and abnormal development: The fetus, the newborn, the child, in Slaton D (cd): Development of Movement in Infancy. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina, 1980.
- deVrics 11, Visscr GIL Prechtl 11F: Fetal motility in the first half of pregnancy, in Prcchtl I IF (cd): Continuity of Neural Functions from Prenatal to Postnatal Life. Clinics in Developmental Medicine, No. 94. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott, 1984, pp 46–64.
- Birnholz IC: The development of human fetal eye movement patterns. Science 213:679–681, 1981.
- Awoust J, Levi S: New aspects of fetal dynamics with a special emphasis on eye movements. Ultrasound Med Biol 10(1):107–116, 1984.
- Sadovsky E: Fetal movements and fetal health. Sent Perinatol 5:131–143, 1981.
- Robinson HP, Fleming JE: A critical evaluation of sonar "crown-rump length" mea-surements. Brit J Obstet Gynecol 82:702–710, 1975.
- Kratochwil A: Fetal biometry, in Borruto F, Hansmann M, Wladimirof J (cds): Fetal Ultmsonography. New York, John Wiley, 1982.
- Almli CR: Normal sequential behavioral and physiological changes throughout the developmental are, in Umphred D (ed): Neurological Rehabilitation. St. Louis, CV Mosby, 1985.
- Okado N, Kojima T: Ontogcny of the central nervous system: Neurogenesis, fibre connection, synaptogenesis and myclination in the spinal cord, in Prechtl II (cd): Continuity of Neural Functions from Prenatal to Postnatal Life. Clinics in Developmental Medicine, No. 94. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott, 1984, pp 31–45.
- Milani-Comparetti A: The ncurophysiologic and clinical implications of studies on fetal motor behavior. Sent Poinatol 5:183–189, 1981.
- Prechtl HER: Continuity and change in early neural development, in Prechtl H (cd): Continuity of Neural Functions from Prenatal to Postnatal Life. Clinics in Developmental Medicine, No. 94. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott, 1984, pp 1–15.
- Hopkins B, Prechtl 11FR: A qualitative approach to the development of movements during early infancy, in Prechtl II (cd): Continuity of Neural Functions from Prenatal to Post-natal Life. Clinics in Developmental Medicine, No. 94. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott, 1984, pp 179–197.
- Prechtl 11FR, Nolte R: Motor behavior of prcterm infants, in Prechtl 11 (cd): Continuity of Neural Functions from Prenatal to Postnatal Life. Clinics in Developmental Medicine, No. 94. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott, 1984, pp 79–92.
- von I lofsten K: Personal Communication, Philadelphia, PA, 1985.
- Manning FA, Lange IR, Morrison I, Harneau C: Treatment of the fetus in mew: Evolv-ing concepts. Clin Obstet Gynecol 27:378–390, 1984.
- Vecchictti G, Borruto F: Fetal behavior, in Borruto F, Hansmann M. Wladimiroff (cds): Fetal Ultrasonography. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1982.
- Pearson JP, Weaver JB: Fetal activity and fetal well-being: An evaluation. Brit Med .1 1:1305–1307, 1976.
- Simon A, Ohel G, Mor-Yoscf S, et al.: Fetal movements in hypertensive pregnancies., lust NZ Obstet Gynaecol 25(3):179–181, 1985.
- Aboulafia Y, Sadovsky E, Simon A, et al.: Fetal activity in pregnancies complicated by systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Gynecol 237:181-185, 1986.
- Goodman JD, Visscr FG, Dawes GS: Effects of maternal cigarette smoking on fetal trunk movements, fetal breathing movements and fetal heart rate. BIB J Obstet Gynaccol 91:657–661, 1984.
- Luterkort M, Marshal K: Fetal motor activity in breech presentation. Early Hum Dev 10(3-4):193–200, 1985.
- Suzuki S, Yamamuro T: Fetal movement and fetal presentation. Early Hum Dev 11:255–263, 1985.
- Socrncs T, Bakke T: The length of the human umbilical cord in vertex and breech presentations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 154:1086–1087, 1986.
- Platt LD, Arial R, Scmcl J, ct at.: Exercise in pregnancy. II. Fetal responses. Am J Obstet Gynecol 147(5):487–491, 1983.
- Jovanovic L, Kessler A, Peterson CM: I luman maternal and fetal response to graded exercise. J Appl Physiol 58:1719–1722, 1985.
- Barron DU: The functional development of some mammalian neuromuscular mecha-nisms. Biol Rev 16:1–34, 1941.
- Humphrey T: Function of the nervous system during prenatal life, in Stave U (ed): Physiology of the Poinatal Period. New York, Appleton Century Crofts, 1970.
- Swinyard CA: The etiology of arthrogryposis (multiple congenital contracture). OM Orthop 194:15–29, 1985.