A Cognitive-Developmental Analysis of Drawing Abilities in Children with and Without Myelomeningocele

REFERENCES

• Folio R, Dubose RF: Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (Revised Ex-perimental Edition). Nashville, TN, George Peabody College for Teachers, 1974.
   Google Scholar
• Bruininks RH: Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Circle Pines, MN, American Guidance Service, 1978.
   Google Scholar
• Stuberg W (ed): Milani-Compareti Motor Development Screening Test. Omaha, NE, Meyer Children's Rehabilitation Institute, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Reid DT: Occupational therapists' assessment practices with handicapped children in Ontario. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 54: 181–188, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Connolly BH, Michael BT: Performance of retarded children, with and without Down Syndrome, on the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Physical Therapy 66: 344–348, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Palisano RJ, Lydic JS: The Peabody Developmental Motor Scales: An analysis. Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics 4(1): 69–75, 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Kearsley RB: Cognitive assessment of the handicapped infant: The need for an alternative approach. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 51: 43–54, 1981.
   Google Scholar
• Sheehan R, Gallagher RJ: Assessment of infants, in Hanson MJ (ed): Atypical Infant Development. Baltimore, University Park Press, 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Case R: Intellectual Development: Birth to Adulthood. Orlando, Aca-demic Press, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Piaget J: Psychology of Intelligence. New York, Harcourt, Brace, 1950.
   Google Scholar
• Piaget J: Le mecanisme du developement mental et les lois du groupement des operations. Archives de Psychologie 28: 215–285, 1941.
   Google Scholar
• Piaget 1: The Construction of Reality in the Child. New York, Basic Books, 1954. (Originally published, 1937.)
   Google Scholar
• Dennis S: The development of children's drawings: A neo-structuralist approach. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto (OISE). To-ronto, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Luquet GH: Le Dessin Enfantin. Paris, Alcan, 1927.
   Google Scholar
• Barrett MD, Light PH: Symbolism and intellectual realism in children's drawings. British Journal of Occupational Therapy 39(4): 198–202, 1976.
   Google Scholar
• Freeman NH, Janikoun R: Intellectual realism in children's drawings of a familiar object with distinct features. Child Development 43: 1116–1121, 1972.
   Google Scholar
• Kalyan-Masih V: Graphic representation: From intellectual realism to vis-ual realism in draw-a-house-tree task. Child Development 47: 1026–1031, 1976.
   Google Scholar
• Kellogg R: Understanding children's art. Psychology Today May: 16–24, 1969.
   Google Scholar
• Cox MB: Spatial depth relationships in young children's drawings. Jour-nal of Experimental Child Psychology 26: 551–556, 1978.
   Google Scholar
• Hargreaves D, Jones P, Martin D: The air gap phenomenon in children's landscape drawings. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 32(1): 11–20, 1980.
   Google Scholar
• Freeman NH: How young children try to plan drawings, in Butterworth GE (ed): The Child's Representation of the World. New York, Plenum Press, 1977.
   Google Scholar
• Golomb C: Young Children's Sculpture and Drawing. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1974.
   Google Scholar
• Goodnow JJ: Children's Drawing. London, Open Books, 1977.
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton AM, Shah SK: Physical hand function of the child with spina bifida myelomeningocele. British Journal of Occupational Therapy 47: 147–150, 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Grimm R: Hand function and tactile perception in a sample of children with myelomeningocele. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy 39(4): 235–240, 1976.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson EM: Impairment of motor (manual) skills in children with spina bifida myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus. British Journal of Occupational Therapy 39(4): 91–92, 1976.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson VS, Saffer AM, Kling TF, Lewinter R: Upper extremity dysfunc-tion in myelodysplastic children. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 26: 251–252, 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Prigatano GP, Zeiner HK, Pollay M, Kaplan RJ: Neuro- psychosocial functioning in children with shunted uncomplicated hydrocephalus. Child's Brain 10: 112–120, 1983.
   Google Scholar
• Sand PL, Taylor N, Hill M et al.: Hand function in children with myelo-meningocele. American Journal of Occupational Therapy 28(2): 87–90, 1974.
   Google Scholar
• Williamson G (ed): Children with Spina Bifida. Baltimore, Paul H. Brookes, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Barber J: Memory functioning in non-disabled and disabled children. Un-published masters thesis, University of Toronto, (OISE), Toronto, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Case R, Marini Z, McKeough A et al.: Horizontal structure in middle childhood: The emergence of dimensional operations, in Strauss S, Levine I (eds): Stage and Structure in Children's Development. New York, Ablex, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• McLone DG, Czyzewski D, Raimondi AJ, Sommers RC: Central nervous system infection as a limiting factor in the intelligence of children with myelo-meningocele. Pediatrics 70: 338–342, 1982.
   Google Scholar
• Soare PL, Raimondi AJ: Intellectual and perceptual-motor characteristics of treated myelomeningocele children. American Journal of Diseases of Children 131: 199–204, 1977.
   Google Scholar
• Dennis M, Fritz CR, Netley Cl et at.: The intelligence of hydrocephalic children. Archives of Neurology 38:607–615, 1981.
   Google Scholar
• Agness PJ: Learning Disabilities and the Person with Spina Bifida. Chi-cago, Spina Bifida Association of America, 1983.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman RG: Selective cognitive deficits in myelomeningocele children. Dissertation Abstracts International 41(11-B): 4264, 1981.
   Google Scholar
• Sheffield B: An investigation of drawing skills in handicapped children: A developmental approach. Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto, De-partment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Toronto, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Case R, Reid D, McKeough A et at.: Dialectical cycles in the develop-ment of multiple intelligences. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Baltimore, April, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Levitt S: Motor development, in Levitt S. (ed): Pediatric Developmental Therapy. London, Blackwell Scientific Pub, 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Marteniuk RG: Motor skill performance and learning: Considerations for rehabilitation. Physiotherapy Canada 31: 187–202, 1979.
   Google Scholar
• Turnbull G: Some learning theory implications in neurological physiother-apy. Physiotherapy 68: 38–41, 1982.
   Google Scholar
• Goodgold-Edwards S: Motor learning as it relates to the development of skilled motor behaviour: A review of the literature. Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 4(4): 5–18, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Henderson A, Duncombe L: Development of kinesthetic judgments of angle and distance. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research 2: 131–144, 1982.
   Google Scholar
• Stichbury IC, Davenport MJ, Middleton FR: Head injured patients: A combined therapeutic approach. Physiotherapy 66: 288–292, 1980.
   Google Scholar