References
- Donahoe B, Turner D, Worrell T. The use of functional reach as a measure-ment of balance in healthy boys and girls ages 5–15. Pediatr Phys Ther. 1994;4: 189–193.
- Miles WR. Static equilibrium as a useful test of motor control. J Indust Hygiene. 1922;3:316–331.
- Bohannon RW, Larkin PA, Cook AC et al. Decrease in timed balance test scores with aging. Phys Ther. 1984;64:1067–1070.
- Horak FB, Nashner LM. Central programming of postural movements: adaptation to altered support surface configurations. J Neurophysiol. 1986; 55:1369–1381.
- Nashner LM. Adaptation of human movement to altered environments. TINS. 1982;8:135–172.
- Nashner LM. Fixed patterns of rapid postural responses among leg muscles during stance. Exp Brain Res. 1977;30:13–24.
- Shumway-Cook A, Horak FB. Assessing the influence of sensory interac-tion of balance. Phys Then 1986;66:1548–1550.
- Wolfson LI, Whipple R, Amerman P et al. Stressing the postural response, a quantitative method for testing balance. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1986;34;845–850.
- Bruininks R. Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency: Examiners Manual. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Services; 1978:52–58.
- Fisher AG, Bundy AC. Equilibrium reaching in normal children and boys with sensory integrative dysfunction. Occup Ther J Res. 1982;2:171–183.
- Bandy AC, Fisher AG, Freeman M et al. Concurrent validity of equilibri-um tests in boys with learning disabilities with and without vestibular function. Am J Occ Then 1987;41:28–34.
- Black FO, Wall C, Rocketter HE et al. Normal subject postural sway dur-ing the Romberg test. Am J OtolaryngoL 1982;3:309.
- Atwater SW, Crowe TR, Deitz JC, Richardson PR. Interrater and test-retest reliability of two pediatric balance tests. Phys Then 1990;70:79–87.
- Forssberg J, Nashner L. Ontogenetic development of postural control in man: adaptation to altered support and visual conditions during stance. J Neuro-sci. 1982;2:545–552.
- Nashner LM, Black FO, Wall C. Adaptation to altered support and visual conditions during stance: patients with vestibular deficits. J Neurosci. 1982; 2:536–544.
- Nashner LM, Shumway-Cook A, Marino 0. Stance posture control in se-lect groups of children with cerebral palsy: deficits in sensory organization and muscular coordination. Exp Brain Res. 1983;49: 393–409.
- Deitz JC, Richardson D, Atwater SW et al. Perfmmance of normal children on the pediatric clinical test of sensory interaction for balance. Occup Ther J Res. 1991;11:336–356.
- Richardson PK, Atwater SW, Crowe TK, Deitz JC. Performance of pre-schoolers on the pediatric clinical test of sensory interaction for balance. Am J Oc-cup Then 1992;46:793–800.
- braelevitz TB, Fisher AG, Bundy AC. Equilibrium reactions in preschool-ers. Occup Ther J Res. 1985;5:154–169.
- Broadstone BJ, Wescott S, Deitz JC. Test-retest reliability of two tiltboard tests in children. Phys Ther. 1993;73:618–625.
- Chandler JM, Duncan DW, Studenski S. Balance performance on Postural Stress Test: comparison of young adults, healthy elderly, and fallers. Phys Then 1990;70:410–415.
- Duncan PW, Weiner DK, Chandler J, Studenski S. Functional Reach: a new clinical measure of balance. J Gerontol. 1990;45;192–197.
- Weiner DK, Duncan PW, Chandler J, Studenski S. Functional reach: a marker of physical frailty. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992;40:203–207.
- Shrout PE, Fleiss IL. Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reli-ability. Psychol Bull. 1983;93:586–595.
- Baumgartner TA. Norm-referenced measurement: reliability. In: Safrit and Woods, eds. Measurements Concepts in Physical Education and Exercise Science. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 1989:45–72.