Anti-Amyloidogenic Effect of Allium sativum in Alzheimer's Transgenic Model Tg2576

Literature Cited

• Selkoe D J. Normal and abnormal biology of the beta-amyloid precursor protein. Annu Rev Neurosci. 1994; 17: 489–517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selkoe D J, Yamazaki T, Citron M, Podlisny M B, Koo E H, Teplow D B, Haass C. The role of APP processing and trafficking pathways in the formation of amyloid beta-protein. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1996; 777: 57–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckert G P, Wood W G, Muller W E. Effects of aging and beta-amyloid on the properties of brain synaptic and mitochondrial membranes. J Neural Transm. 2001; 108: 1051–1064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yip C M, Elton E A, Darabie A A, Morrison M R, McLaurin J. Cholesterol, a modulator of membrane-associated Abeta-fibrillogenesis and neurotoxicity. J Mol Biol. 2001; 311((4))723–734
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frears E R, Stephens D J, Walters C E, Davies H, Austen B M. The role of cholesterol in the biosynthesis of beta-amyloid. Neuroreport. 1999; 10((8))1699–1705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolozin B, Kellman W, Ruosseau P, Celesia G G, Siegel G. Decreased prevalence of Alzheimer disease associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Arch Neurol. 2000; 57(10)1439–1443
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simons M, Keller P, Dichgans J, Schulz J B. Cholesterol and Alzheimer's disease: is there a link?. Neurology 2001; 57((6))1089–1093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kojro E, Gimpl G, Lammich S, Marz W, Fahrenholz F. Low cholesterol stimulates the nonamyloidogenic pathway by its effect on the alpha-secretase ADAM 10. Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA. 2001; 98(10)5815–5820
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Racchi M, Baetta R, Salvietti N, Ianna P, Franceschini G, Paoletti R, Fumagalli R, Govoni S, Trabucchi M, Soma M. Secretory processing of amyloid precursor protein is inhibited by increase in cellular cholesterol content. Biochem J. 1997; 322(Pt 3)893–898
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mizuno T, Nakata M, Naiki H, Michikawa M, Wang R, Haass C, Yanagisawa K. Cholesterol-dependent generation of a seeding amyloid beta-protein in cell culture. J Biol Chem. 1999; 274(21)15110–15114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kakio A, Nishimoto S I, Yanagisawa K, Kozutsumi Y, Matsuzaki K. Cholesterol-dependent formation of GM1 ganglioside-bound amyloid beta-protein, an endogenous seed for Alzheimer amyloid. J Biol Chem. 2001; 276(27)24985–24990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fassbender K, Simons M, Bergmann C, Stroick M, Lutjohann D, Keller P, Runz H, Kuhl S, Bertsch T, von Bergmann K, Hennerici M, Beyreuther K, Hartmann T. Simvastatin strongly reduces levels of Alzheimer's disease beta-amyloid peptides Abeta 42 and Abeta 40 in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001; 98(10)5856–5861
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodovitz S, Klein W L. Cholesterol modulates alpha-secretase cleavage of amyloid precursor protein. J Biol Chem. 1996; 271(8)4436–4440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galbete J L, Martin T R, Peressini E, Modena P, Bianchi R, Forloni G. Cholesterol decreases secretion of the secreted form of amyloid precursor protein by interfering with glycosylation in the protein secretory pathway. Biochem J. 2000; 348(Pt. 2)307–313
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sparks D L, Kuo Y M, Roher A, Martin T, Lukas R J. Alterations of Alzheimer's disease in the cholesterol-fed rabbit, including vascular inflammation. Preliminary observations. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2000; 903: 335–344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saheki A, Terasaki T, Tamai I, Tsuji A. In vivo and in vitro blood-brain barrier transport of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors. Pharm Res. 1994; 11(2)305–311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwak B, Mulhaupt F, Myit S, Mach F. Statins as a newly recognized type of immunomodulator. Nat Med. 2000; 6(12)1399–1402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiener P A, Davis P M, Murray J L, Youssef S, Rankin B M, Kowala M. Stimulation of inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo by lipophilic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Int Immunopharmacol. 2001; 1(1)105–118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Block E. The chemistry of garlic and onions: a number of curious sulfur compounds underlie the odor of garlic and the crying brought on by slicing an onion. The compounds also account for medical properties long ascribed to garlic and onions. Sci Am. 1985; 252: 114–119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itakura Y, Ichikawa M, Mori Y, Okino R, Udayama M, Morita T. How to distinguish garlic from the other Allium vegetables. J Nutr. 2001; 131: 963S–967S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau B H. Suppression of LDL oxidationby garlic. J Nutr. 2001; 131: 985S–988S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodward P W. Garlic and friends: The history, growth and edible alliums. Hyland House, MelbourneAustralia 1996; 2–22
   Google Scholar
• Rivlin R S. Historical perspective on the use of garlic. J Nutr. 2001; 131: 951S–954S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen R T, Hiserodt R D, Fukuda E K, Ruiz R J, Zhou Z, Lech J, Rosen S L, Hartman T G. Determination of Allicin, S-Allylcystein and volatile metabolites of garlic in breath, plasma or simulated garlic fluids. J Nutr. 2001; 131: 968S–971S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh Y Y, Liu L. Cholesterol-lowering effect of garlic extracts and organosulfur compounds: Human and animal studies. J Nutr. 2001; 131: 989S–993S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishiyama N, Moriguchi T, Orihara N, Saito H. Ameliorative effect of S-Allylcysteine, a major thioallyl constituent in aged garlic extract, on learning deficits in senescence accelerated mice. J Nutr. 2001; 131: 1093S–1095S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chauhan N B, Siegel G J. Reversal of A β-Toxicity in Alzheimer's disease model Tg2576 by intraventricular anti-Aβ antibody. J Neurosci Res. 2002; 69(1)10–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawabayashi T, Younkin L H, Saido T C, Shoji M, Ashe K H, Younkin S G. Age-dependent changes in brain, CSF and plasma amyloid β protein in the Tg2576 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci. 2001; 21(2)372–381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford M M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976; 72: 248–254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qureshi A A, Abuirmeileh N, Din Z Z, Elson C E, Burger W C. Inhibition of cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis in liver enzymes and chicken hepatocytes by polar fractions of garlic. Lipids. 1983; 18: 343–348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qureshi A A, Crenshaw T D, Abuirmeileh N, Peterson D M, Elson C E. Influence of minor plant constituents on porcine hepatic lipid metabolism: Impact on serum lipid. Atherosclerosis. 1987; 64: 109–115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh Y Y, Yeh S M. Garlic reduces plasma lipids by inhibiting hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerol synthesis. Lipids. 1994; 29: 189–193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathew B C, Daniel R S, Augusti K T. Hypolipidemic effect of garlic protein substituted for casein in diet of rats compared to those of garlic oil. Ind J Exp Biol. 1996; 34: 337–340
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bordia A, Verma S K. Effect of garlic feeding on regression of experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. Artery 1980; 7: 428–437
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Warshafsky S, Kamer R S, Sivak S L. Effect of garlic on total serum cholesterol. A meta-analysis. Ann Inter Med. 1993; 119: 599–605
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silagy C, Neil A. Garlic as a lipid lowering agent-A meta analysis. R. Coll. Physiciand Lond. 1994; 28: 39–45
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jain A K, Vargas R, Gotzkowsky S, McMahon F G. Can garlic reduce levels of serum lipids? A controlled clinical study. Am J Med. 1993; 94: 632–635
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiner M, Khan A H, Holbert D, Lin R I. A double-blind crossover study in moderately hypercholesterolemic men that compared the effect of aged garlic extract and placebo administration on blood lipids. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996; 64: 866–870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh Y Y, Lin R I, Yeh S M, Evens S. Garlic reduces plasma cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic men maintaining habitual diets. Food Factors for Cancer Prevention, H Ohigashi, T Osawa, J Terao, S Watanabe, T Toshikawa. Springer, TokyoJapan, 226–230
   Google Scholar
• Mori T, Paris D, Town T, Rojiani A M, Sparks D L, Delledonne A, Crawford F, Abdullah L I, Humphrey J A, Dickson D W, Mullan M J. Cholesterol accumulates in senile plaques of Alzheimer disease patients and in transgenic APP(SW) mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. Aug, 2001; 60(8)778–785
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparks D L. Coronary artery disease, hypertension, ApoE, and cholesterol: A link to Alzheimer's disease?. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1997; 826: 128–146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simons M, Keller P, De Strooper B, Beyreuther K, Dotti C G, Simons K. Cholesterol depletion inhibits the generation of beta-amyloid in hippocampal neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998; 95(11)6460–6464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corder E H, Saunders A M, Strittmatter W J, Schmechel D E, Gaskell P C, Small G W, Roses A D, Haines J L, Pericak-Vance M A. Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 al-lele and the risk of Alzheimer's disease in late onset families. Science 1993; 261(5123)921–923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narita M, Holtzman D M, Schwartz A L, Bu G. Alpha2-macroglobulin complexes with and mediates the endocytosis of beta-amyloid peptide via cell surface low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. J Neurochem. 1997; 69(5)1904–1911
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jick H, Zornberg G L, Jick S, Seshadri S, Drachman D A. Statins and the risk of dementia. Lancet 2000; 356((9242))1627–1631
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kivipelto M, Helkala E L, Laakso M P, Hanninen T, Hallikainen M, Alhainen K, Soininen H, Tuomilehto J, Nissinen A. Midlife vascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease in later life: longitudinal, population based study. BMJ. 2001; 322(7300)1447–1451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Refolo L M, Pappolla M A, LaFrancois J, Malester B, Schmidt S D, Thomas-Bryant T, Tint G S, Wang R, Mercken M, Petanceska S S, Duff K E. A cholesterol-lowering drug reduces beta-amyloid pathology in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis. 2001; 8(5)890–899
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar